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The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Nero PDF

423 Pages·2017·42.54 MB·English
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T C C HE AMBRIDGE OMPANION TO THE AGE OF NERO S TheageofNerohasappealedtothepopularimaginationmorethananyother periodofRomanhistory.Thisvolumeprovidesalivelyandaccessibleguideto the various representations and interpretations of Emperor Nero as well as to the rich literary, philosophical, and artistic achievements of his eventful reign.Themajorachievementsoftheperiodinthefieldsofliterature,govern- ance, architecture, and art are freshly described and analyzed, and special attentionispaidtothereceptionofNerointheRomanandChristianerasof thefirstcenturiesCEandbeyond.Writtenbyaninternationalteamofleading experts,thechaptersprovidestudentsandnon-specialistswithclearandcom- prehensive accounts of the most important trends in the study of Neronian Rome. They also offer numerous original insights into the period, and open newareasofstudyforscholarstopursue. Shadi Bartsch is the Helen A. Regenstein Distinguished Service Professor in ClassicsattheUniversityofChicago.Herworkfocusesontheliteratureand philosophyoftheNeronianperiodinRome.Sheisalsotheinauguraldirector oftheStevanovichInstituteontheFormationofKnowledge,aninitiativeto studytheculturalandhistoricalrootsofdifferentformsofknowledge,andshe held a Guggenheim Fellowship in 2007–8. Her most recent books are The Mirror of the Self (2006) and Persius: A Study in Food, Philosophy, and the Figural(2015). KirkFreudenburgisBrooksandSuzanneRagenProfessorofClassicsatYale University. His major publications include The Walking Muse: Horace on the TheoryofSatire(1993),SatiresofRome:ThreateningPosesfromLuciliustoJuvenal (Cambridge, 2001), (edited) The Cambridge Companion to Roman Satire (Cambridge, 2005), and (edited) Oxford Readings in Classical Studies: Horace’s SatiresandEpistles(2009). Cedric Littlewood is an associate professor in the Department of Greek and Roman Studies at the University of Victoria, British Columbia. He is the authorofSelf-RepresentationandIllusioninSenecanTragedy(2004). T C C HE AMBRIDGE OMPANION TO THE AGE OF NERO S Edited by S B HADI ARTSCH UniversityofChicago,Illinois K F IRK REUDENBURG YaleUniversity,Connecticut C L EDRIC ITTLEWOOD UniversityofVictoria,BritishColumbia UniversityPrintingHouse,Cambridgecb28bs,UnitedKingdom OneLibertyPlaza,20thFloor,NewYork,ny10006,USA 477WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,vic3207,Australia 4843/24,2ndFloor,AnsariRoad,Daryaganj,Delhi–110002,India 79AnsonRoad,#06–04/06,Singapore079906 CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107052208 doi:10.1017/9781107280489 ©CambridgeUniversityPress2017 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2017 PrintedintheUnitedKingdombyTJInternationalLtd.Padstow Cornwall AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData names:Bartsch,Shadi,1966–editor.|Freudenburg,Kirk,1961–editor.| Littlewood,C.A.J.(CedricA.J.),editor. title:TheCambridgecompaniontotheageofNero/editedbyShadi Bartsch,UniversityofChicago;KirkFreudenburg,YaleUniversity, Connecticut;CedricLittlewood,UniversityofVictoria,BritishColumbia. othertitles:AgeofNero description:Cambridge;NewYork,NY:CambridgeUniversityPress, 2018.|Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. identifiers:lccn2017024676|isbn9781107052208 subjects:lcsh:Nero,EmperorofRome,37–68.|Rome–History–Nero, 54–68.|Rome– Intellectuallife.|Latinliterature–Historyandcriticism.| Art,Roman.|Architecture,Roman–History. classification:lccdg285.c352018|ddc937/.07–dc23 LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2017024676 isbn978-1-107-05220-8Hardback isbn978-1-107-66923-9Paperback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof URLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. C ONTENTS S ListofIllustrations pageviii ListofContributors xi Acknowledgments xiii TimelineofEvents xiv ListofAbbreviations xviii Julio-ClaudianFamilyTree xix MapoftheRomanEmpirein69CE xx Introduction:AnglesonanEmperor 1 SHADIBARTSCH,KIRKFREUDENBURG,ANDCEDRIC LITTLEWOOD P i: N ’ W 19 ART ERO S ORLD 1 NerothePerformer 21 MATTHEWLEIGH 2 NeroandtheSenate 34 JOSIAHOSGOOD 3 Nero’sImperialAdministration 48 CARLOSF.NOREÑA 4 Nero’sWomen 63 ANTHONYA.BARRETT P ii: N L 77 ART ERONIAN ITERATURE 5 Post-AugustanRevisionism 79 CEDRICLITTLEWOOD 6 Lucan’sCivilWarinNero’sRome 93 GARETHWILLIAMS v CONTENTS 7 Petronius,Realism,Nero 107 KIRKFREUDENBURG 8 “Ain’tSayin’”:PersiusinNeroland 121 DANIELHOOLEY P iii N S 135 ART ERONIAN ENECA 9 SenecanDramaandtheAgeofNero 137 CHIARATORRE 10 PhilosophersandtheStateunderNero 151 SHADIBARTSCH 11 SenecaandtheQuestforGloryinNero’sGoldenAge 164 CATHARINEEDWARDS P iv N ’ M R 177 ART ERO S ONUMENTAL OME 12 ArtandtheDecadentCity 179 CAROLINEVOUT 13 StagingNero:PublicImageryandtheDomusAurea 195 EUGENIOLAROCCA 14 BurningRome,BurningChristians 213 JOHNPOLLINI 15 Nero’sMemoryinFlavianRome 237 ERICVARNER P v T N R 259 ART HE EROS OF ECEPTION 16 Nero:TheMakingoftheHistoricalNarrative 261 DONATIENGRAU 17 SaintPaulandtheChristianCommunitiesofNero’sRome 276 J.ALBERTHARRILL 18 TheImageofNeroinRenaissancePoliticalThought 290 PETERSTACEY 19 ResurgencesofNerointheEnlightenment 305 ELENARUSSO vi CONTENTS 20 NeroinHollywood 318 MARTINM.WINKLER P vi A L L 333 ART FTER THE AST AUGH 21 TheNeronian“Symptom” 335 ERIKGUNDERSON Appendix:Nero’sImage:TheFourPortraitTypes (notesbyEugenioLaRocca) 354 GeneralBibliography 359 Index 396 vii I LLUSTRATIONS S 3.1 MapoftheRomanEmpirein69CE.AncientWorld page50 MappingCentre©2016(awmc.unc.edu).Usedby permission. 4.1 Denarius,Nero,andAgrippina,54CE.PhotoAndreas 66 Pangerlwww.romancoins.info. 4.2 ReliefdepictingNeroandAgrippina.Sebasteion,Sevgi 67 GönülGallery,Aphrodisias.NYU–Aphrodisias Excavations. 12.1 PortraitofNero,55–9CE,MuseoNazionale,Cagliari, 184 inv.6122(Photo:DAIR66.1946). 12.2 PortraitofNero,64–8CE,WorcesterArtMuseum,inv. 185 no.1915.23(Photo:Museum). 12.3 CentraloctagonalofvaultmosaicshowingOdysseusand 187 theCyclops,room13,DomusAurea,Rome,64–8CE (Photo:DAIR70.2074). 12.4 NorthwallofTricliniumA,Moregine,showingApollo 189 andtheMusesClioandEuterpe,Fourthstyle,first centuryCE(Photo:SAP85182). 12.5 EastwallofTricliniumA,Moregine,showingtheMuses 189 Urania,Thalia,andMelpomene,Fourthstyle,first centuryCE(Photo:SAP85183). 12.6 SouthwallofroomnintheHouseoftheVettii,Pompeii, 192 showingthepunishmentofDirce,62–79CE(Photo: Alinari). 13.1 Nero’ssestertiusof63CEca.Detailofreversewiththe 197 ArchofNero. 13.2 ColumnplinthwithfemalefiguresandVictories, 198 probablyfromtheArchofNeroontheCapitolineHill. Rome,CapitolineMuseums. 13.3 FragmentofreliefwithParthianwarrior,probablyfrom 199 theArchofNeroontheCapitolineHill.Rome,Museo NazionaleRomano. viii LISTOFILLUSTRATIONS 13.4 Nero’sdupondiusof63CEca.Obverse:HeadofNero 199 (type4)withcoronaradiata. 13.5 Gem.TheColossusintheFlavianage(fromaplaster 200 cast).Berlin,PergamonMuseum. 13.6 MultiplumofGordianusIII.Reverse:theColosseum 201 withtheColossusatleftandtheMetaSudansatright. 13.7 PlanoftheGoldenHouse(inorange)superimposedon 204 aplanofthevalleyoftheColosseumandsurrounding areas:1.ThemainentrancetotheDomusAureafromthe ForumRomanum;2.ThehalloftheColossus;3. Thelake;4–5.ClaudianorNeronianbuildingsonthe Palatine;6.ThepavilionoftheColleOppio;7. ThetempleofClaudiuswithgardensontheCaelianHill; 8.NeronianorFlavianbuildingsunderthenorthwest corneroftheTrajan’sthermae. 13.8 VirtualreconstructionoftheDomusAureaseenfromthe 205 south(KatalexiluxProject2011):1.Themainentranceto theDomusAureafromtheForumRomanum;2. ThehalloftheColossus;3.Thelake;4.Neronian buildingsonthePalatine;5.ThepavilionoftheColle Oppio;6.ThetempleofClaudiuswithgardensonthe Caelianhill;7.NeronianorFlavianbuildingsunderthe northwestcorneroftheTrajan’sthermae. 13.9 Rome,so-calledDomusTransitoriaonthePalatineHill. 205 Painteddecorationfromthevault. 13.10 Virtualreconstructionoftheeastsideofthe 207 nymphaeum-substructionofthetempleofDivus ClaudiusontheCaelianHill. 13.11 PlanoftheNeronianbuildingontheslopesoftheColle 208 Oppio. 13.12 Pompeii,CasadiMarcoLucrezioFrontone.Fresco 209 painting:landscapewithavilla,fromthenorthwallofthe tablinum. 13.13 Rome,NeronianbuildingontheslopesoftheColle 211 Oppio.Vaultfrescopainting,fromroom119. 14.1 Day1ofthefire.AfterPanella2011:fig.10a.1 215 (S.BorghiniandR.Carlani). 14.2 Day3ofthefire.AfterPanella2011:fig.10a.3 216 (S.BorghiniandR.Carlani). 14.3 Day7ofthefire.AfterPanella2011:fig.10a.4 217 (S.BorghiniandR.Carlani). ix

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