Thiscollectionofspeciallycommissionedessaysbyexpertsinthefieldexplores keydimensionsofRobertFrost’spoetryandlife.Frostremainsoneofthemost memorable and beguiling of modern poets. Writing in the tradition of Virgil, Milton,andWordsworth,hetransformedpastoralandgeorgicpoetrybothin subjectmatterandform.Masteringtherhythmsofordinaryspeech,Frostmade country life the point from which to view the world and the complexities of humanpsychology.TheessaysinthisvolumeenablereaderstoexploreFrost’s artandthought,fromthecontroversiesofhisbiographytohissubtlereinven- tionofpoeticandmetrictraditions,andtheconflictsinhisthoughtaboutpoli- tics, gender, science, and religion. This volume will bring fresh perspectives to thelyric,narrative,anddramaticpoetryofanAmericanmaster,anditschronol- ogy and guide to further reading will prove valuable to scholars and students alike. CCCaaammmbbbrrriiidddgggeee CCCooommmpppaaannniiiooonnnsss OOOnnnllliiinnneee ©©© CCCaaammmbbbrrriiidddgggeee UUUnnniiivvveeerrrsssiiitttyyy PPPrrreeessssss,,, 222000000666 CCCaaammmbbbrrriiidddgggeee CCCooommmpppaaannniiiooonnnsss OOOnnnllliiinnneee ©©© CCCaaammmbbbrrriiidddgggeee UUUnnniiivvveeerrrsssiiitttyyy PPPrrreeessssss,,, 222000000666 CAMBRIDGE COMPANIONS TO LITERATURE TheCambridgeCompaniontoGreekTragedy TheCambridgeCompaniontotheClassic editedbyP.E.Easterling RussianNovel editedbyMalcolmV.Jonesand TheCambridgeCompaniontoOldEnglish RobinFeuerMiller Literature editedbyMalcolmGoddenandMichael TheCambridgeCompaniontotheFrench Lapidge Novel:from1800tothePresent editedbyTimothyUnwin TheCambridgeCompaniontoMedieval Romance TheCambridgeCompaniontoModernism editedbyRobertaL.Kreuger editedbyMichaelLevenson TheCambridgeCompaniontoMedieval TheCambridgeCompaniontoAustralian EnglishTheatre Literature editedbyRichardBeadle editedbyElizabethWebby TheCambridgeCompaniontoEnglish 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editedbyEvaKolinskyandWilfriedvander editedbyDavidT.Gies Will TheCambridgeCompaniontoModernItalian TheCambridgeCompaniontoModern Culture RussianCulture editedbyZygmuntG.BaranskiandRebecca editedbyNicholasRzhevsky J.West CCCaaammmbbbrrriiidddgggeee CCCooommmpppaaannniiiooonnnsss OOOnnnllliiinnneee ©©© CCCaaammmbbbrrriiidddgggeee UUUnnniiivvveeerrrsssiiitttyyy PPPrrreeessssss,,, 222000000666 THE CAMBRIDGE COMPANION TO ROBERT FROST EDITED BY ROBERT FAGGEN CCCaaammmbbbrrriiidddgggeee CCCooommmpppaaannniiiooonnnsss OOOnnnllliiinnneee ©©© CCCaaammmbbbrrriiidddgggeee UUUnnniiivvveeerrrsssiiitttyyy PPPrrreeessssss,,, 222000000666 published by the press syndicate of the university of cambridge ThePittBuilding,TrumpingtonStreet,Cambridge,UnitedKingdom cambridge university press TheEdinburghBuilding,Cambridgecb22ru,UK 40West20thStreet,NewYork,ny10011–4211,USA 477WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,vic3207,Australia RuizdeAlarcón13,28014Madrid,Spain DockHouse,TheWaterfront,CapeTown8001,SouthAfrica http://www.cambridge.org ©CambridgeUniversityPress2001 Thisbookisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithout thewrittenpermissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2001 Reprinted2002,2003 PrintedintheUnitedKingdomattheUniversityPress,Cambridge Typeface AdobeSabon10/13pt System QuarkXPress® [se] AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloguinginPublicationdata TheCambridgeCompaniontoRobertFrost/editedbyRobertFaggen. p. cm.–(Cambridgecompanionstoliterature) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. isbn052163248x(hardback)–isbn0521634946(paperback) 1. Frost,Robert,1874–1963–Criticismandinterpretation. 2. Frost,Robert, 1874–1963–Handbooks,manuals,etc. i. Faggen,Robert. ii. Series. ps3511.r94 z559 2001 811′.52–dc21 00-052917 isbn052163248xhardback isbn0521634946paperback CCCaaammmbbbrrriiidddgggeee CCCooommmpppaaannniiiooonnnsss OOOnnnllliiinnneee ©©© CCCaaammmbbbrrriiidddgggeee UUUnnniiivvveeerrrsssiiitttyyy PPPrrreeessssss,,, 222000000666 CONTENTS Listofcontributors pageix Acknowledgments x Chronology xi Noteonthetexts xvii Listofthepoemscited xviii Introduction 1 robert faggen 1 “StayUnassuming”:theLivesofRobertFrost 7 donald g. sheehy 2 FrostBiographyandAWitnessTree 35 william pritchard 3 FrostandtheQuestionsofPastoral 49 robert faggen 4 FrostandtheAncientMuses 75 helen bacon 5 FrostasaNewEnglandPoet 101 lawrence buell 6 “AcrossSpacesoftheFootedLine”:theMeterandVersificationof RobertFrost 123 timothy steele 7 Frost’sPoetryofMetaphor 155 judith oster vii CCCaaammmbbbrrriiidddgggeee CCCooommmpppaaannniiiooonnnsss OOOnnnllliiinnneee ©©© CCCaaammmbbbrrriiidddgggeee UUUnnniiivvveeerrrsssiiitttyyy PPPrrreeessssss,,, 222000000666 contents 8 FrostandtheMeditativeLyric 179 blanford parker 9 Frost’sPoeticsofControl 197 mark richardson 10 Frost’sPoliticsandtheColdWar 221 george monteiro 11. “SynonymouswithKept”:FrostandEconomics 241 guy rotella 12. HumanPresenceinFrost’sUniverse 261 john cunningham Selectbibliography 273 Index 276 viii CCCaaammmbbbrrriiidddgggeee CCCooommmpppaaannniiiooonnnsss OOOnnnllliiinnneee ©©© CCCaaammmbbbrrriiidddgggeee UUUnnniiivvveeerrrsssiiitttyyy PPPrrreeessssss,,, 222000000666 CONTRIBUTORS HelenBacon,BarnardCollege,emerita LawrenceBuell,HarvardUniversity JohnCunningham,HollinsUniversity RobertFaggen,ClaremontMcKennaCollege GeorgeMonteiro,BrownUniversity JudithOster,CaseWesternReserveUniversity BlanfordParker,CityUniversityofNewYork WilliamPritchard,AmherstCollege MarkRichardson,EasternMichiganStateUniversity GuyRotella,NortheasternUniversity DonaldG.Sheehy,EdinboroStateUniversityofPennsylvania TimothySteele,CaliforniaStateUniversity,LosAngeles ix CCCaaammmbbbrrriiidddgggeee CCCooommmpppaaannniiiooonnnsss OOOnnnllliiinnneee ©©© CCCaaammmbbbrrriiidddgggeee UUUnnniiivvveeerrrsssiiitttyyy PPPrrreeessssss,,, 222000000666
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