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the cambridge companion to REFORMATION THEOLOGY TheEuropeanReformationofthesixteenthcenturywasoneofthemost formativeperiodsinthehistoryofChristianthoughtandremainsoneof themostfascinatingeventsinWesternhistory.TheCambridgeCompanion toReformationTheologyprovidesacomprehensiveguidetothetheology andtheologiansoftheperiod.Eachoftheeighteenchaptersiswrittenbya leadingauthorityinthefieldandprovidesanup-to-dateaccountandanal- ysisofthethoughtassociatedwithaparticularfigureormovement.There arechaptersfocusingonlesserreformerssuchasMartinBucer,andonthe CatholicandRadicalReformations,aswellasthemajorProtestantreform- ers.Adetailedbibliographyandcomprehensiveindexallowscomparison ofthetreatmentofspecificthemesbydifferentfigures.Thisauthoritative andaccessibleguidewillappealtostudentsofhistoryandliteratureaswell asspecialisttheologians. david bagchi is Lecturer in the History of Christian Thought, Depart- mentofTheology,UniversityofHull.HeistheauthorofLuther’sEarliest Opponents(1991). david c. steinmetz istheAmosRaganKearnsProfessoroftheHistory ofChristianity,DivinitySchool,DukeUniversity.Hismajorpublications includeMisericordiaDei:TheTheologyofJohannesvonStaupitzinitsLate MedievalSetting(1968);ReformersintheWings(1981);StaupitzandLuther (1980);LutherinContext(1986);MemoryandMission(1988);andTheBible intheSixteenthCentury(1990). CCaammbbrriiddggee CCoommppaanniioonnss OOnnlliinnee ©© CCaammbbrriiddggee UUnniivveerrssiittyy PPrreessss,, 22000066 CCaammbbrriiddggee CCoommppaanniioonnss OOnnlliinnee ©© CCaammbbrriiddggee UUnniivveerrssiittyy PPrreessss,, 22000066 cambridge companions to religion Aseriesofcompanionstomajortopicsandkeyfiguresintheologyand religiousstudies.Eachvolumecontainsspeciallycommissionedchapters byinternationalscholarswhichprovideanaccessibleandstimulating introductiontothesubjectfornewreadersandnon-specialists. Othertitlesintheseries the cambridge companion to christian doctrine editedbyColinGunton(1997) isbn0521471184hardback isbn0521476958paperback the cambridge companion to biblical interpretation editedbyJohnBarton(1998) isbn 0521481449hardback isbn 0521485932paperback the cambridge companion to dietrich bonhoeffer editedbyJohndeGruchy(1999) isbn 052158258x hardback isbn 0521587516paperback the cambridge companion to liberation theology editedbyChrisRowland(1999) isbn 0521461448hardback isbn 0521467071paperback the cambridge companion to karl barth editedbyJohnWebster(2000) isbn 0521584760hardback isbn 0521585600paperback the cambridge companion to christian ethics editedbyRobinGill(2001) isbn 052177070x hardback isbn 0521779189paperback the cambridge companion to jesus editedbyMarkusBockmuehl(2001) isbn 0521792614hardback isbn 0521796784paperback the cambridge companion to feminist theology editedbySusanFrankParsons(2002) isbn 052166327x hardback isbn 0521663806paperback the cambridge companion to martin luther editedbyDonaldK.McKim(2003) isbn 0521816483hardback isbn 0521016738paperback the cambridge companion to hans urs von balthasar editedbyEdwardT.Oakes,S.J.andDavidMoss(2004) isbn 0521814677hardback isbn 0521891477paperback the cambridge companion to st paul editedbyJamesD.G.Dunn(2003) isbn 0521781558hardback isbn 0521786940paperback the cambridge companion to medieval jewish philosophy editedbyDanielH.FrankandOliverLeaman(2003) isbn 0521652073hardback isbn 0521655749paperback CCaammbbrriiddggee CCoommppaanniioonnss OOnnlliinnee ©© CCaammbbrriiddggee UUnniivveerrssiittyy PPrreessss,, 22000066 the cambridge companion to postmodern theology editedbyKevinJ.Vanhoozer(2003) isbn 052179062x hardback isbn 0521793955paperback the cambridge companion to john calvin editedbyDonaldK.McKim(2004) isbn 0521816475hardback isbn 052101672x paperback Forthcoming the cambridge companion to the gospels editedbyStephenC.Barton the cambridge companion to islamic theology editedbyTimWinter CCaammbbrriiddggee CCoommppaanniioonnss OOnnlliinnee ©© CCaammbbrriiddggee UUnniivveerrssiittyy PPrreessss,, 22000066 the cambridge companion to REFORMATION THEOLOGY edited by David Bagchi and David C. Steinmetz CCaammbbrriiddggee CCoommppaanniioonnss OOnnlliinnee ©© CCaammbbrriiddggee UUnniivveerrssiittyy PPrreessss,, 22000066 published by the press syndicate of the university of cambridge ThePittBuilding,TrumpingtonStreet,Cambridge,UnitedKingdom cambridge university press TheEdinburghBuilding,Cambridge,cb22ru,UK 40West20thStreet,NewYork,ny10011–4211,USA 477WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,vic3207,Australia RuizdeAlarco´n13,28014Madrid,Spain DockHouse,TheWaterfront,CapeTown8001,SouthAfrica http://www.cambridge.org (cid:1)C CambridgeUniversityPress2004 Thisbookisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithout thewrittenpermissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2004 PrintedintheUnitedKingdomattheUniversityPress,Cambridge TypefaceSeverin10/13pt. SystemLATEX2ε [tb] AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloguinginPublicationdata TheCambridgecompaniontoReformationtheology/editedbyDavidBagchiand DavidC.Steinmetz. p. cm.–(Cambridgecompanionstoreligion) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. isbn0521772249–isbn0521776627(pbk.) 1.Reformation. 2.Theology,doctrinal–16thcentury. i.Bagchi,DavidV.N.,1959– ii.Steinmetz,DavidCurtis. iii.Series. br305.3.c36 2004 230(cid:2).09(cid:2)031–dc22 2004045829 isbn0521772249hardback isbn0521776627paperback CCaammbbrriiddggee CCoommppaanniioonnss OOnnlliinnee ©© CCaammbbrriiddggee UUnniivveerrssiittyy PPrreessss,, 22000066 Contents Notesoncontributors ix Introduction:thescopeofReformationtheology 1 david bagchi and david c. steinmetz 1 Latemedievaltheology 5 denis r. janz 2 Lollardy 15 wendy scase 3 HussitetheologyandthelawofGod 22 thomas a. fudge 4 ThetheologyofErasmus 28 erika rummel 5 Luther 39 scott hendrix 6 Melanchthon 57 sachiko kusukawa 7 ConfessionalLutherantheology 68 robert kolb 8 ThetheologyofZwingli 80 w. peter stephens 9 Bucer 100 ian hazlett 10 ThetheologyofJohnCalvin 113 david c. steinmetz 11 JohnCalvinandlaterCalvinism:theidentity oftheReformedtradition 130 richard a. muller 12 ThetheologyofThomasCranmer 150 peter newman brooks vii CCaammbbrriiddggee CCoommppaanniioonnss OOnnlliinnee ©© CCaammbbrriiddggee UUnniivveerrssiittyy PPrreessss,, 22000066 viii Contents 13 ThetheologyoftheEnglishreformers 161 carl r. trueman 14 TheScottishReformation:theologyandtheologians 174 david f. wright 15 AnintroductiontoAnabaptisttheology 194 werner o. packull 16 CatholictheologiansoftheReformationperiodbefore Trent 220 david bagchi 17 TheCouncilofTrent 233 david c. steinmetz Conclusion:directionsoffutureresearch 248 david c. steinmetz and david bagchi Selectbibliography 257 Index 277 CCaammbbrriiddggee CCoommppaanniioonnss OOnnlliinnee ©© CCaammbbrriiddggee UUnniivveerrssiittyy PPrreessss,, 22000066 Notes on contributors DavidBagchiisLecturerintheHistoryofChristianThoughtattheUniversityof Hull,UK.HiswritingsincludeLuther’sEarliestOpponents:Catholic Controversialists1518–25. PeterNewmanBrooksisFellowemeritusinEcclesiasticalHistory,Robinson College,Cambridge,UK.HiswritingsincludeThomasCranmer’sDoctrineofthe eucharistandCranmerinContext. ThomasA.FudgeisLecturerinHistoryattheUniversityofCanterbury, Christchurch,NewZealand.HiswritingsincludeTheMagnificentRide:TheFirst ReformationinHussiteBohemia. IanHazlettisReaderinEcclesiasticalHistoryattheUniversityofGlasgow,UK. Hisworkincludestheeditingofvolume5ofBucer’sLatinworks,inadditionto contributionstoBucerundseineZeit,MartinBucerandSixteenth-CenturyEurope, andMartinBucer:ReformingChurchandCommunity. ScottHendrixisJamesHastingsNicholsDistinguishedProfessorofReformation HistoryandDoctrine,PrincetonTheologicalSeminary,USA.Hiswritingsinclude Ecclesiainvia:EcclesiologicalDevelopmentinMedievalPsalmsExegesisandthe DictatasuperPsalterium(1513–15)ofMartinLuther,LutherandthePapacy,and TraditionandAuthorityintheReformation. DenisR.JanzisProvostDistinguishedProfessoroftheHistoryofChristianity, LoyolaUniversity,NewOrleans,USA.HiswritingsincludeLutherandLate MedievalThomismandLutherandThomasAquinas. RobertKolbisMissionProfessorofSystematicTheologyandDirectorofthe InstituteforMissionStudiesatConcordiaTheologicalSeminary,Missouri,USA. HisrecentworksincludeLuther’sHeirsDefinehisLegacy:StudiesonLutheran Confessionalizationand(editedwithTimothyWengert),TheBookofConcord: TheConfessionsoftheEvangelicalLutheranChurch. SachikoKusukawaisFellowintheHistoryandPhilosophyofScienceatTrinity College,Cambridge,UK.HerwritingsincludeTheTransformationofNatural Philosophy:TheCaseofPhilipMelanchthonand(ed.)Melanchthon:Orationson PhilosophyandEducation. RichardA.MullerisP.J.ZondervanProfessorofHistoricalTheology,Calvin TheologicalSeminary,Mississippi,USA.HiswritingsincludeChristandthe ix CCaammbbrriiddggee CCoommppaanniioonnss OOnnlliinnee ©© CCaammbbrriiddggee UUnniivveerrssiittyy PPrreessss,, 22000066

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The European Reformation of the sixteenth century was one of the most formative periods in the history of Christian thought and remains one of the most fascinating events in Western history. The Cambridge Companion to Reformation Theology provides a comprehensive guide to the theology and theologians of the Reformation period. Each of the eighteen chapters is written by a leading authority in the field and provides an up-to-date account and analysis of the thought associated with a particular figure or movement. There are chapters focusing on lesser reformers such as Martin Bucer, and on the Catholic and Radical Reformations, as well as the major Protestant reformers. A detailed bibliography and comprehensive index allows comparison of the treatment of specific themes by different figures. This authoritative and accessible guide will appeal to students of history and literature as well as specialist theologians.