Table Of Content

TheCambridgeCompanionto ModernJapaneseCulture ThisCompanionprovidesacomprehensiveoverviewoftheinfluences thathaveshapedmodern-dayJapan.Coveringtopicssuchastechnology, food,nationalismandtheriseofanimeandmangainthevisualarts,this booktracestheculturaltransformationthattookplaceoverthecourseof the20thcentury,andpaintsapictureofanationrichinculturaldiversity. Withcontributionsfromsomeofthemostprominentscholarsinthefield, TheCambridgeCompaniontoModernJapaneseCultureisan authoritativeintroductiontothissubject. YoshioSugimotoisProfessorEmeritusintheSchoolofSocialSciences, LaTrobeUniversity,Melbourne,Australia. CambridgeCompanionstoCulture TheCambridgeCompaniontoModernGermanCulture EditedbyEva Kolinsky andWilfried Van Der Will TheCambridgeCompaniontoModernRussianCulture EditedbyNicholas Rzhevsky TheCambridgeCompaniontoModernSpanishCulture EditedbyDavid T Gies TheCambridgeCompaniontoModernItalianCulture EditedbyZygmunt G Baranski andRebecca J West TheCambridgeCompaniontoModernFrenchCulture EditedbyNicholas Hewitt TheCambridgeCompaniontoModernLatinAmericanCulture EditedbyJohn King TheCambridgeCompaniontoModernIrishCulture EditedbyJoe Cleary andClaire Connolly TheCambridgeCompaniontoModernAmericanCulture EditedbyChristopher Bigsby TheCambridgeCompaniontoModernChineseCulture EditedbyKam Louie TheCambridgeCompaniontoModernJapaneseCulture EditedbyYoshio Sugimoto TheCambridgeCompanionto Modern Japanese Culture Editedby Yoshio Sugimoto cambridge university press Cambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown,Singapore,SaõPaulo,Delhi CambridgeUniversityPress 477WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,vic3207,Australia www.cambridge.edu.au Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9780521706636 (cid:2)c CambridgeUniversityPress2009 Firstpublished2009 CoverdesignbyMaryMason TypesetbyAptaraCorp. MapsbyTonyFankhauser PrintedinChinabyPrintplus NationalLibraryofAustraliaCataloguinginPublicationdata TheCambridgecompaniontomodernJapaneseculture/YoshioSugimoto. 9780521880473(hbk.) 9780521706636(pbk.) Includesindex. Bibliography. Japan—Civilization—1945– Japan—Socialconditions—1945– Sugimoto,Yoshio,1939– CambridgeUniversity 952.04 isbn978-0-521-70663-6paperback isbn978-0-521-88047-3hardback ReproductionandCommunicationforeducationalpurposes TheAustralianCopyrightAct1968(theAct)allowsamaximumof onechapteror10%ofthepagesofthispublication,whicheveristhegreater, tobereproducedand/orcommunicatedbyanyeducationalinstitution foritseducationalpurposesprovidedthattheeducationalinstitution (orthebodythatadministersit)hasgivenaremunerationnoticeto CopyrightAgencyLimited(CAL)undertheAct. 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Contents Listoffigures vii Listoftables viii Listofcontributors ix Acknowledgements xii Chronologyofmajorevents xiii MapofJapan xvi ‘Japaneseculture’:Anoverview 1 yoshio sugimoto 1 ConceptsofJapan,JapanesecultureandtheJapanese 21 harumi befu 2 Japan’semicconceptions 38 takami kuwayama 3 Language 56 hugh clarke 4 Familyculture 76 anne e imamura 5 Schoolculture 92 kaori h okano 6 Workculture 113 ross mouer 7 Technologicalculture 130 morris low 8 Religiousculture 147 stephen covell vi Contents 9 Politicalculture 166 takashi inoguchi 10 Burakuculture 182 hideo aoki 11 Literaryculture 199 toshiko ellis 12 Popularleisure 216 sepp linhart 13 Manga,animeandvisualartculture 236 craig norris 14 Musicculture 261 junko kitagawa 15 Housingculture 281 ann waswo 16 Foodculture 300 naomichi ishige 17 Sportsculture 317 miho koishihara 18 Globalisationandculturalnationalism 336 takashi inoguchi 19 ExportingJapan’sculture:Frommanagementstyletomanga 352 ross mouer and craig norris Consolidatedlistofreferences 369 Index 401 Figures 0.1 Four-foldtypologyofcompetingculturalorientationstothestateand themarket 17 3.1 ThemajordialectdivisionsofJapaneseandRyukyuan 64 10.1 BurakuminandethnicminoritiesinJapan 185 10.2 Formationofburakuminidentity 191 10.3 Transformationofburaku 194 13.1 OLShinkaron’ssimplefour-panellayoutandgagstructureistypicalof theyonkomamangaform 245 13.2 Siddhartha’sdisarmingofBandakainTezuka’sBuddhashowsthegreater layoutcomplexityofthestorymangaform 247 13.3 CutenessandmelodramacombineinTezuka’sJungeruTaitei 248 13.4 Shirato’sNinjaBugeicho¯ conveysthedarkeradultthemesofgekiga manga 249 13.5 Toriyama’sDragonBallisanexcellentexampleofsho¯nenmanga’sability todoactionandadventureperfectly 250 13.6 ThestoryofayounggirlcopingwiththedivorceofherJapaneseand Frenchparentsformstheemotionalnexustypicalofsho¯jomangain Tachikake’sHanaBurankoYurete 251 15.1 Aninternationalcomparisonofhousingspace,insquaremetres 286 16.1 Compatibilitybetweenmainandsidedishes 312 17.1 Exercises/sportspracticebysexandschoolstage 324 Tables 0.1 TwocompetingmodelsofJapaneseculture 3 0.2 Fourtypesofculturebytheagentsofproductionandappreciation 10 3.1 StructureoftheJapanesesentence 67 10.1 Regionaldistributionofburakucommunitiesandpopulation 192 10.2 Typesofburakucommunitiesbythreefactors 193 12.1 Dailyactionratesbykindofactivity,averagetimespent,2001 224 12.2 Participationrateinleisureactivitiesbytype,1995–2004 225 12.3 Participationrateindomesticandforeignsightseeingtravelbysexand age(%) 229 13.1 Typologyofsixkeymangaforms 239 14.1 Conceptsofho¯gaku,yo¯gakuand‘Japanesemusic’inJapan 263 14.2 Musicalgenreandsocialstratum 273 15.1 Aninternationalcomparisonofhousingbyformoftenure 290 17.1 Changesinsportspracticebyage 322 19.1 Someindicatorsofchange,1986–2000 357 Contributors hideo aoki, InstituteonSocialTheoryandDynamics,Hiroshima,isa sociologistwhospecialisesinstudiesofurbanmiddleclassesand homelessnessinJapanandthePhilippines.HehaspublishedJapan’s Underclass:DayLaborersandtheHomeless(TransPacificPress 2006)and‘HomelessnessinOsaka:Globalization,yosebaand disemployment,’UrbanStudies,40(2),2003,pp.361–78. harumi befu, StanfordUniversity,iscurrentlyworkingintheareasof globalisation,diaspora,kinshipandcommunity.Hispublications includeHegemonyofHomogeneity:AnAnthropologicalAnalysisof Nihonjinron(TransPacificPress2001)andIdeorog¯ıtoShiteno NihonBunkaron(CulturalTheoriesofJapanasIdeology),third edition(Shiso¯ noKagakusha1997). hugh clarke, UniversityofSydneyandWasedaUniversity, researchesJapaneselanguageandliteratureaswellasOkinawan studies.Heco-authoredColloquialJapanese(Routledge2003)and published‘Thegreatdialectdebate’inEliseTipton(ed.),Societyand StateinInterwarJapan(Routledge1997),pp.193–217. stephen covell, WesternMichiganUniversity,isaspecialistin modernandcontemporaryJapaneseBuddhism.Hehaspublished JapaneseTempleBuddhism:WorldlinessinaReligionof Renunciation(UniversityofHawai’iPress2005)andco-editeda specialissueon‘TraditionalBuddhismincontemporaryJapan’for theJapaneseJournalofReligiousStudies,21(2),2004. toshiko ellis, UniversityofTokyo,specialisesinmodernJapanese literatureinthecontextofmodernismandmodernity.Her publicationsincludeHagiwaraSakutaro¯:ShitekiIme¯jinoKo¯sei (ThePoeticImageryofHagiwaraSakutaro¯)(Chu¯sekisha,1986)and ‘ThetopographyofDalianandthecartographyofFantasticAsiain