The Cambridge Ancient History Volume 7, Part 2: The Rise of Rome to 220 BC

793 Pages·1989·21.17 MB·English

by  F. W. Walbank

Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
THE CAMBRIDGE
ANCIENT HISTORY
VOLUME VII
PART 2
L
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
THE CAMBRIDGE
ANCIENT HISTORY
SECOND EDITION
VOLUME VII
PART 2
The Rise of Rome to 220 B.C.
Edited by
F. W. WALBANK F.B.A.
Emeritus Professor, formerly Professor of Ancient
History and Classical Archaeology, University of Liverpool
A. E. ASTIN
formerly Professor of Ancient History
The Queen's University, Belfast
M.W. FREDERIKSEN
R.M. OGILVIE
Assistant Editor
A. DRUMMOND
Lecturer in Classics,
University of Nottingham
CAMBRIDGE
UNIVERSITY PRESS
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
PUBLISHED BY THE PRESS SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE
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CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
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© Cambridge University Press 1989
This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception
and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place without
the written permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published 1989
Fifth printing 2006
Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge
British Library Cataloguing in Publication data
The Cambridge Ancient History. - 2nd ed. Vol. 7
Pt. 2: The Rise of Rome to 220 B.C.
1. Ancient world
I. Walbank, F. W. (Frank William) 930
Library of Congress Card no. 75-85719
ISBN o 521 23446 8
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CONTENTS
List of Tables page xi
List of Maps xii
List of Text-Figures xiii
Preface xv
The sources for early Roman history i
by the late R. M. Ogilvie, formerly Professor of Humanity, University of
St. Andrews
and A. Drummond, Lecturer in Classics, University of Nottingham
i The surviving evidence:
(a) Literary sources i
(b) Antiquarian writers 9
(c) Inscriptions 11
(d) Archaeological and other evidence 15
11 The creation of early Roman history:
(a) The available data 16
(b) Techniques of reconstruction 24
(c) Conclusion 28
Archaic Rome between Latium and Etruria 30
by M. Torelli, Professor of Archaeology and the History of Greek and
Roman Art, Faculty of Letters, University of Perugia
1 Introduction 30
11 Archaeology, urban development and social history 31
in Sanctuaries and palaces 39
iv Emporia and shrines at emporia 48
v Conclusion 51
The origins of Rome 5 2
by the late A. Momigliano, formerly Professor of Ancient History,
University College London
1 The problems of context 5 2
11 The myths of foundation 56
in Settlement, society and culture in Latium and at Rome 63
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i CONTENTS
iv The development and growth of Rome 82
v The Roman kings 87
vi The social, political and religious structures of the regal
period 96
4 Rome in the fifth century I: the social and economic
framework "3
by A. Drummond
1 The Twelve Tables
113
11 Economy:
(a) Agriculture 118
(b) Market development and trade 124
(c) Economic changes in the fifth century 130
in Social structures:
(a) Introduction i43
(b) Family, agnates and clan 146
(c) Kinsmen, friends and neighbours M4
(d) Comrades and dependants 157
(e) Social stratification 163
Rome in the fifth century II: the citizen community 172
by A. Drummond
1 Political and constitutional developments:
(a) The ancient account 172
(b) The consular fasti and the date of the Republic 173
(c) The patriciate and the senate 178
(d) The consulship 186
(e) The dictatorship 190
(f) The consular tribunate 192
(g) The quaestors, quaestores parricidii and duoviri
(perduellionis) 195
(h) The censorship 197
(i) The assemblies 198
(j) Conclusion 204
11 The plebeian movement:
(a) Introduction 212
(b) The First Secession and the plebeian officers 212
(c) The Decemvirate, Second Secession and Twelve
Tables 227
(d) The character and objectives of the plebeian
movement 235
Rome and Latium to 390 B.C. 243
by T.J. Cornell, Senior Lecturer in History, University College London
1 The growth of Roman power under the kings 243
11 The fall of the monarchy and its consequences 257
in The Latin League 264
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CONTENTS Vll
iv Rome and her allies in the fifth century 274
v The incursions of the Sabines, Aequi and Volsci 281
vi Veii and Rome's offensive 294
VII The Gallic disaster 302
7 The recovery of Rome 309
by T. J. Cornell
I Rome's widening horizons 309
11 Economic and social problems in the fourth century:
poverty, land hunger and debt 323
in Constitutional reforms and the rise of the nobility 334
Appendix. The chronology of the fourth century B.C. 347
8 The conquest of Italy 351
byT.), Cornell
1 Rome's first struggle with the Samnites, the defeat of the
Latins and the formation of the Roman commonwealth 3 51
II The Second Samnite War 368
in The Roman conquest of Central Italy 372
iv The Third Samnite War and the completion of the conquest
of peninsular Italy 377
v Rome in the age of the Italian wars:
(a) Politics and government 391
(b) Economic and cultural developments 403
9 Rome and Italy in the early third century 420
by E. S. Staveley, formerly Reader in Ancient History, Bedford College,
University of London
1 The Roman commonwealth 420
n The northern frontier: Rome and the Gauls 431
in The constitution: magistracy and assemblies 436
iv Nobilitas and senate 443
v Policies and personalities 447
10 Pyrrhus 456
by P. R. Franke, Professor of Ancient History, University of the
Saarland
1 The conflict between Rome and Tarentum 456
11 Pyrrhus as king of the Molossians. His policy in Greece to
281 B.C. 458
in Pyrrhus in Tarentum. The battle of Heraclea 280 B.C. 462
iv New negotiations with Rome. The battle at Ausculum
279 B.C. 469
v Syracuse calls for help. The Romano-Punic treaty against
Pyrrhus 279/8 B.C. 473
vi Pyrrhus in Sicily 477
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viii CONTENTS
VII Pyrrhus returns to Italy. The battle of Beneventum
275 B.C. 481
VIII Return to Epirus. The death of Pyrrhus 272 B.C. 483
ix Epilogue 484
11 Carthage and Rome 486
by the late H. H. Scullard, formerly Professor Emeritus of Ancient
History, University of London
1 Carthaginian public and private life:
(a) The Carthaginian state 486
(b) City and empire 499
(c) Economic and social life 506
11 The Romano-Carthaginian treaties:
(a) The early treaties 517
(b) The first treaty 520
(c) The second treaty- 526
(d) Later treaties 5 30
in The First Punic War:
(a) The Mamertines and war 537
(b) War by land and sea 545
(c) The invasion of Africa 554
(d) Stalemate and checkmate 5 5 7
(e) Revolt in Africa and Sardinia 566
Postscript. The emergence of the provincial system 5 70
by A. E. Astin, Professor of Ancient History, The Queen's University,
Belfast
12 Religion in republican Rome 5 73
by J.A. North, Senior Lecturer in History, University College London
1 Sources and methods 573
11 The priests and religious authority 582
in The place of gods and goddesses in the life of Rome 590
iv Religion and action 598
v Adjusting to the new Republic 610
vi Innovation and change 616
Appendix 625
by A. Drummpnd
1 Early Roman chronology 625
11 The consular fasti: 509-220 B.C. 627
Chronological table 645
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