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The Business of Civil War: Military Mobilization and the State, 1861-1865 PDF

321 Pages·2006·3.122 MB·English
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The Business of Civil War johns hopkins studies in the history of technology Merritt Roe Smith, Series Editor The Business of Civil War Military Mobilization and the State, 1861–1865 mark r. wilson The Johns Hopkins University Press Baltimore © 2006 The Johns Hopkins University Press All rights reserved. Published 2006 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 2 4 6 8 9 7 5 3 1 The Johns Hopkins University Press 2715 North Charles Street Baltimore, Maryland 21218-4363 www.press.jhu.edu Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Wilson, Mark (Mark R.), 1970 – The business of civil war : military mobilization and the state, 1861 – 1865 / Mark Wilson. p. cm. — (Johns Hopkins studies in the history of technology) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8018-8348-2 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. United States Army — Mobilization — History — Civil War, 1861 – 1865. 2. United States — History — Civil War, 1861 – 1865 — Economic aspects. 3. Contracting out — United States — History — 19th century. I. Title. II. Series: Johns Hopkins studies in the history of technology (Unnumbered) E491.W76 2006 973.7 ′1 — dc22 2005029017 A catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. For Diane & Gary This page intentionally left blank Contents List of Illustrations ix Acknowledgments xi Introduction 1 chapter 1 The Rise and Fall of a Federal Supply System 5 chapter 2 The Formation of a National Bureaucracy 34 chapter 3 The Making of a Mixed Military Economy 72 chapter 4 The Trouble with Contracting 107 chapter 5 The Middleman on Trial 148 chapter 6 The Unacknowledged Militarization of America 191 appendix a Note on the Value of a Dollar during the Civil War Era 227 appendix b Leading Northern Military Contractors in Selected Industries 231 viii contents appendix c Note on Data Collection and Record Linkages 237 Notes 241 Essay on Sources 285 Index 295 Illustrations figures 1.1. The Pennsylvania Volunteers 25 2.1. Map of Treasury Disbursements to Quartermaster’s Department Depots, 1856 – 1860 48 2.2. Group Outside the O‹ce of the Quartermaster General, Washington, D.C. 67 3.1. Map of Treasury Disbursements to Quartermaster’s Department Depots, 1861 – 1865 77 3.2. Filling Cartridges at the United States Arsenal, Watertown, Massachusetts 79 3.3. U.S. Cavalry Stables at Chattanooga, Tennessee 80 3.4. Employees at a Government Horseshoeing Shop 85 4.1. Two Thousand Army Horses Wanted 145 5.1. Running the Machine 177 tables 1.1. Procurement Expenditures by Ten Northern States in 1861 13 2.1. U.S. Military Expenditures by Department, 1845 – 1875 38 2.2. Twenty Leading Procurement O‹cers during the Civil War 69 4.1. Leading Civil War Contractors 122 B.1. Leading Small Arms Suppliers to the U.S. Army, 1861 – 1866 231 B.2. Leading Heavy Ordnance Suppliers, 1861 – 1866 232 B.3. Leading Wagon and Ambulance Suppliers, 1861 – 1864 232

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