The Building of Manhattan, Dover Architecture PDF
Preview The Building of Manhattan, Dover Architecture
Table of Contents Title Page Copyright Page PREFACE IN THE BEGINNING THE MANHATTAN INDIANS AND THEN THE DUTCH CAME WOOD, STONE, AND BRICK FORT AMSTERDAM STUYVESANT SURRENDERS 1664: NEW AMSTERDAM IS NOW NEW YORK COLONIAL NEW YORK: 1664-1783 MECHANICKS, SLAVES, AND APPRENTICES CAPITAL OF THE NEW NATION: 1785-1790 1811: A PLAN FOR GROWTH POPULATION PRESSURES: 1811—1850 THE CAST-IRON BUILDING THE “SAFETY HOISTER” RAISES THE ROOF THE WONDER OF THE IMAGINATION THE SKILL OF THE ENGINEER THE IRON SKELETON “AN IRON BRIDGE TRUSS STOOD ON END” 1850 TO 1900 THE FLATIRON BUILDING: 1901 THE WOOLWORTH BUILDING: 1913 BOOM AND BUST: 1900—1930 THE EMPIRE STATE BUILDING: 1930— 1931 THE RIVETER: $1.92 PLUS HALF A CENT AN HOUR THE DERRICK COURAGE . . . SKILL . . . . . . AND PREPARATION MIDTOWN MANHATTAN . . . ROCKEFELLER CENTER: 1931 OUT OF THE DEPRESSION: 1930—1965 DOWNTOWN MANHATTAN . . . THE WORLD TRADE CENTER: 1966 —1971 KEEPING THE HUDSON RIVER OUT A PROBLEM IN LEVITATION CARRYING THE WEIGHT A CITY WITHIN THE CITY ZONING: AN ATTEMPT TO SET RATIONAL LIMITS THE ARCHITECT: CONCEPT AND DETAIL THE CITY’S VITAL SERVICES THE BUSY UNDERGROUND THE SUBWAY WATER FIT TO DRINK ELECTRICITY . . . LIFELINE OF THE CITY STEAM GAS TELEPHONE AND EMPIRE CITY SUBWAY SEWAGE GOING . . . GOING . . . . . . GONE TEST BORINGS AND DRILLING ROCK THE POWER OF COMPRESSED AIR THE EXCAVATORS DYNAMITE! STAND CLEAR! HARD HATS WHO DOES WHAT AT A CONSTRUCTION SITE THE SURVEYOR SHORING UP THE OUTER WALLS THE FOUNDATION DIGGING IN LOWER MANHATTAN BULL’S LIVER AND OTHER PROBLEMS AS THE CITY BUILDS CONCRETE THE REINFORCED CONCRETE SKYSCRAPER FROM LIQUID MASS TO HARDENED SOLID SALAMANDERS THE BIG CRANES TOWER CRANES ASSEMBLING A TOWER CRANE RAISING THE CRANE’S HEIGHT PRIVATE PLACES PUBLIC SPACES STEEL STEEL AND IRONWORKERS LOOK OUT BELOW! SPUD WRENCHES FROM BEAM TO BEAM THE WELDER THE FLOORS TAKE SHAPE THE OUTER SKIN TRADES AND UNIONS UP AND DOWN . . . AT 20 MILES AN HOUR SKYSCRAPER STRESS ACROPHOBIA ... FEAR OF HEIGHTS THE SOUNDS OF THE CITY ACKNOWLEDGMENTS SOURCES PREFACE Artists are lucky. Once they are seen to be actually drawing something, they are generally accepted as part of the landscape. Busy Manhattan construction sites are no exception, if the artist keeps out of the way, and once it has been determined he is not an inspector. He can stand around, tolerated, in all kinds of places, for long periods of time, doing nothing but watching other people work. Of course he may not be making any money, but that’s another part of being an artist. What he may be doing, even if he’s not yet aware of it, is accumulating material for a book like this. Almost thirty years ago a drawing I made of the construction of the Chase Manhattan Bank in lower Manhattan had been put away and forgotten. By chance, all these years later, I met foundation engineers of the consulting firm that worked on the foundation and they described for me the method used to stabilize the “quick” sand encountered during the excavation. Pure luck, and the drawing is now part of the book. This is not a textbook, but I hope it is factual enough to please the concrete worker who said he’d like his children to see what it is he does for a living. And repay the ironworker I talked with during his lunch break. Asked how fireproofing is applied to steel framework he said, “I’ll show you.” You follow, only to be stopped by a supervisor’s “What are you doing here?” You show him what you’re drawing and he takes you down temporary wooden stairs into the unfinished depths of the sub-basement. There you step into another world, a brightly lit office filled with working drawings and schedules, closed off from all the outside commotion. He has you sign an insurance liability release, tells you always to borrow a hard hat and to come back on Saturday when he’ll have time to talk. Not only does he talk, but you see fireproofing being applied. It’s slippery and messy, and its application on an off-day doesn’t interfere with other work operations. On another Saturday you expect to find out how heavy panels get anchored to the outer frame of the building but the foreman has had to bring in a crew on doubletime pay. It is not the time to ask questions. Later, on a weekday, he sees you and leads you up in the lift, up the outside of the building, to an open upper floor. Here his men are working right on the edge of the
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