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The Buddhist Goddess Marishiten: A Study of the Evolution and Impact of her Cult on the Japanese Warrior PDF

368 Pages·2014·8.3 MB·English
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The Buddhist Goddess Marishiten 0-1 Six-armed, Boar-mounted Marishiten image. Central image of the Hōbyōkan Dōjō. Courtesy, Joe Hill and Scott Beard. The Buddhist Goddess Marishiten A Study of the Evolution and Impact of her Cult on the Japanese Warrior By David A. Hall LEIDEN • BOSTON 2014 Cover illustration: Marishiten from the thirteenth-century Asabashō (Courtesy Daizō Shuppansha) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hall, David A. The Buddhist goddess Marishiten : a study of the evolution and impact of her cult on the Japanese warrior / by David A. Hall. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-25010-9 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Marici (Buddhist deity)--Cult--Japan--History. 2. Samurai--Religious life--Japan--History. 3. Marici (Buddhist deity)--Cult--China--History. I. Title. BQ4750.M374J35 2013 294.3’42114--dc23 2013026376 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, IPA, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill-typeface. ISBN 978-90-04-25010-9 (hardback) ISBN 978-90-04-25266-0 (e-book) Copyright 2014 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. Brill has made all reasonable efforts to trace all rights holders to any copyrighted material used in this work. In cases where these efforts have not been successful the publisher welcomes communications from copyright holders, so that the appropriate acknowledgements can be made in future editions, and to settle other permission matters. This book is printed on acid-free paper. <UN> <UN> To Margie who has supported my efforts in this endeavor for over twenty-five years <UN> <UN> In memory of Michele Strickmann (1942–1994) Namiki Yasushi (1926–1999) Itō Masayuki (1930–2001) Mutō Masao (1924–2001) Yagyū Nobuharu (1919–2007) <UN> <UN> CONTENTS Foreword ix Preface xi Acknowledgements xiii Abbreviations xv Language Notes xvii List of Illustrations xix Introduction: The Buddhist Warrior Goddess 1 1 Mārīcī—The Warrior Goddess in India 19 2  Molizhitian—The Warrior Goddess in China (Sixth Century)  Discourse on the Incantation of the Goddess-Spell Mārīcī 33 3  Molizhitian—The Warrior Goddess in China (Seventh Century)  The Collected Dhāraṇī-sūtras 51 4 Molizhitian—The Warrior Goddess in China (Eighth–Tenth Centuries) 77 5 Marishiten—The Warrior Goddess in Japan 121 6 Marishiten and the Japanese Warrior 189 7 Reflections on Mārīcī’s Significance 237 Selected Bibliography 285 Indices and Character Glossaries 307  Chinese Index & Character Glossary 309  Japanese Index & Character Glossary 315  Sanskrit Index & Glossary 329  General Index 333  Index of Texts 339 <UN> <UN> <UN> <UN> FOREWORD It is my great pleasure to write a foreword for the The Buddhist Goddess Marishiten: The Evolution and Impact of Her Cult on the Japanese Warrior by Dr. David A. Hall. I have known the author since 1976 when he requested I interpret for chief instructor Ōtake Risuke of the Tenshinshō-den Katori Shintō-ryū when he spoke on Japanese Buddhism and martial culture at the University of Hawaii. That event was part of a presentation of tradi- tional Japanese martial arts organized by Donn F. Draeger at the University of Hawaii’s East-West Center. Dr. Hall became my student when I was Minister of the Tendai Mission of Hawaii and a visiting lecturer in Tibetan Buddhism at the University of Hawaii. When Dr. Hall came to Japan as a visiting scholar of Taishō University in 1977 he trained under my guidance in the practices of the Japanese Tendai Esoteric tradition at the Tamonin temple. These practices included the Juhachidō (the Eighteen Paths), the Garbha Dhatu Mandala, the Vajra Dhatu Mandala, and the Goma (Esoteric Fire Ritual). I ordained Dr. Hall and another trainee, Mr. Jonathan Driscoll, in the Tendai denomination in 1979. The Tendai tradition in Japan originated with the monk Saichō (766– 822) who founded the Tendai Institution on Mt. Hiei. Saichō emphasized both teachings and practice, an approach called Ge-Gyō Soshu (non-dual awareness, both theory and practice). Dr. Hall’s extensive training in these key Tendai rituals, esoteric practices which are particularly demanding, enabled him to master the theory and practices of the Buddhist Goddess Mārīcī, both within the Buddhist esoteric tradition, and in the field of tra- ditional Japanese martial arts. After a year’s immersion in the Tendai Tradition, Dr. Hall and Mr. Driscoll engaged in the austere practices of the Shido Kegyō rituals at Tamonin temple for about two months. Arising each morning at 2:00 a.m., they performed water purification at the local well and numerous rituals under my direction at the Bishamondō (a ritual altar hall) throughout the day. They also fasted and followed a restricted diet as they studied the various ritual texts. A reporter from the Daily Yomiuri English Language newspaper in Tōkyō, interviewed Dr. Hall and Mr. Driscoll who were the first non-Japanese to undergo this Tendai train- ing at Tamonin. The oral transmissions of many Japanese martial arts which are tradi- tionally passed directly from master to disciple are derived from Buddhist <UN> <UN>

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In The Buddhist Goddess Marishiten, David A. Hall provides an in-depth exploration of the Buddhist cult of the warrior goddess Mārīcī; its evolution in India, China, and Japan; its texts and their audience; its rituals; and, finally, its efficacy as experienced by the Japanese warrior class--the
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