The British Soldier in the Peninsular War: Encounters with Spain and Portugal, 1808–1814 PDF
Preview The British Soldier in the Peninsular War: Encounters with Spain and Portugal, 1808–1814
War,CultureandSociety,1750–1850 Series Editors: Rafe Blaufarb (Tallahassee, USA), Alan Forrest (York, UK), and KarenHagemann(ChapelHill,USA) Editorial Board: Michael Broers (Oxford UK), Christopher Bayly (Cambridge, UK),RichardBessel(York,UK),SarahChambers(Minneapolis,USA),Laurent Dubois (Durham, USA), Etienne François (Berlin, Germany), Janet Hartley (London,UK),WayneLee(ChapelHill,USA),JaneRendall(York,UK),Reinhard Stauber(Klagenfurt,Austria) Titlesinclude: RichardBessel,NicholasGuyattandJaneRendall(editors) WAR,EMPIREANDSLAVERY,1770–1830 EvelineG.Bouwers PUBLICPANTHEONSINREVOLUTIONARYEUROPE ComparingCulturesofRemembrance,c.1790–1840 MichaelBroers,AgustinGuimeraandPeterHick(editors) THENAPOLEONICEMPIREANDTHENEWEUROPEANPOLITICALCULTURE GavinDaly THEBRITISHSOLDIERINTHEPENINSULARWAR EncounterswithSpainandPortugal,1808–1814 AlanForrestandPeterH.Wilson(editors) THEBEEANDTHEEAGLE NapoleonicFranceandtheEndoftheHolyRomanEmpire,1806 AlanForrest,KarenHagemannandJaneRendall(editors) SOLDIERS,CITIZENSANDCIVILIANS ExperiencesandPerceptionsoftheRevolutionaryandNapoleonicWars, 1790–1820 RasmusGlenthøjandMortenNordhagenOttosen EXPERIENCESOFWARANDNATIONALITYINDENMARKANDNORWAY, 1807–1815 KarenHagemann,GiselaMetteleandJaneRendall(editors) GENDER,WARANDPOLITICS TransatlanticPerspectives,1755–1830 LeightonJames WITNESSINGTHEREVOLUTIONARYANDNAPOLEONICWARSIN GERMANCENTRALEUROPE CatrionaKennedy NARRATIVESOFTHEREVOLUTIONARYANDNAPOLEONICWARS MilitaryandCivilianExperienceinBritainandIreland CatrionaKennedyandMatthewMcCormack(editors) SOLDIERINGINBRITAINANDIRELAND,1750–1850 MenofArms RalphKingston BUREAUCRATSANDBOURGEOISSOCIETY OfficePoliticsandIndividualCredit,France1789–1848 KevinLinch BRITAINANDWELLINGTON’SARMY Recruitment,SocietyandTradition,1807–1815 PierreSerna,AntoninoDeFrancescoandJudithMiller REPUBLICSATWAR,1776–1840 Revolutions,ConflictsandGeopoliticsinEuropeandtheAtlanticWorld AlanForrest,EtienneFrançoisandKarenHagemann(editors) WARMEMORIES TheRevolutionaryandNapoleonicWarsinNineteenthand TwentiethCenturyEurope Marie-CécileThoral FROMVALMYTOWATERLOO FranceatWar,1792–1815 MarkWishon GERMANFORCESANDTHEBRITISHARMY InteractionsandPerceptions,1742–1815 ChristineWright WELLINGTON’SMENINAUSTRALIA PeninsularWarVeteransandtheMakingofEmpirec.1820–40 War,CultureandSociety,1750–1850 SeriesStandingOrderISBN978–0–230–54532–8hardback 978–0–230–54533–5paperback (outsideNorthAmericaonly) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to usattheaddressbelowwithyournameandaddress,thetitleoftheseriesand theISBNquotedabove. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke,HampshireRG216XS,England The British Soldier in the Peninsular War Encounters with Spain and Portugal, 1808–1814 Gavin Daly SeniorLecturerinModernEuropeanHistory,UniversityofTasmania ©GavinDaly2013 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2013 978-1-137-32382-8 Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmissionofthis publicationmaybemadewithoutwrittenpermission. Noportionofthispublicationmaybereproduced,copiedortransmitted savewithwrittenpermissionorinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthe Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,orunderthetermsofanylicence permittinglimitedcopyingissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgency, SaffronHouse,6–10KirbyStreet,LondonEC1N8TS. Anypersonwhodoesanyunauthorizedactinrelationtothispublication maybeliabletocriminalprosecutionandcivilclaimsfordamages. Theauthorhasassertedhisrighttobeidentifiedastheauthorofthiswork inaccordancewiththeCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Firstpublished2013by PALGRAVEMACMILLAN PalgraveMacmillanintheUKisanimprintofMacmillanPublishersLimited, registeredinEngland,companynumber785998,ofHoundmills,Basingstoke, HampshireRG216XS. PalgraveMacmillanintheUSisadivisionofStMartin’sPressLLC, 175FifthAvenue,NewYork,NY10010. PalgraveMacmillanistheglobalacademicimprintoftheabovecompanies andhascompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld. Palgrave®andMacmillan®areregisteredtrademarksintheUnitedStates, theUnitedKingdom,Europeandothercountries. ISBN 978-1-349-45882-0 ISBN 978-1-137-32383-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137323835 Thisbookisprintedonpapersuitableforrecyclingandmadefromfully managedandsustainedforestsources.Logging,pulpingandmanufacturing processesareexpectedtoconformtotheenvironmentalregulationsofthe countryoforigin. AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress. To Sally, Sophie and Hannah This page intentionally left blank Contents Acknowledgements ix ListofAbbreviations xi Map xii Introduction 1 TheBritishsoldierandthePeninsularWar 3 Thesoldiers’stories 5 Travellingredcoats 8 WritingtheIberianPeninsula 12 1 TothePeninsula 16 Theoutbreakofthewar 16 Oldalliesandenemies 18 ThecallofIberianpatriotismandchivalry 20 Themenbehindtheuniforms 24 ImaginingSpainandPortugal 34 Pasttravellers 39 Departures 42 2 FirstContact:Lisbon 46 Fromromancetorevulsion 48 Shockcity 50 Degeneratepeople 53 Sightsandattractions 60 3 LandscapeandClimate 64 Romanticvisions 69 Romans,MoorsandDonQuixote 75 Enlightenedeyes:‘NeglectedNature’ 78 Tropicaldeluges,Africandesertsanddeathlywinters 80 Landscapesofwarandpeace 86 4 BilletsandHospitality 91 Foreignlanguages 94 Pigstiesandpalaces 96 Garlic,oilandwine 99 vii viii Contents FriendlyPortugueseandhaughtySpaniards 102 Turningthetablesonhospitality 108 Ungraciousguests:Britishplunderandviolence 112 5 SearchingforCivilization 122 Declineandbackwardness 126 Bordercrossings 133 Theurbanworld 137 DelightfulMadrid 140 Theruralnatives 143 Cruelandsavagepeoples 148 6 TheReligiousWorld 156 TheevilsofCatholicism 163 CelebratingFrenchanti-clericalism 168 Redcoatsandinternalreligiousdivide 171 Playingtheheretic 174 Confessingtopleasures 179 7 ‘Dark-EyedBeauties’ 186 Prizesofwar 188 Sexualencountersandrelationships 192 Thegrotesqueandtheprimitive 196 Spanishmaidens 199 Bolerodancers 203 ‘Devilsinthegarbofangels’ 205 Conclusion:CrossingtoCivilization 211 Notes 219 Bibliography 274 Index 293 Acknowledgements There are numerous people and institutions I would like to thank for making this book possible. Within the history profession, I firstly owe deepgratitudetoCharlesEsdaileforhisgreatadviceandgenerosity,and for encouraging my own journey into the Peninsular War. In the UK, I have benefited enormously from discussions with various historians andscholars,includingMatthewMcCormack,CatrionaKennedy,Kevin Linch,LeightonJamesandPhilipShaw.Imetwithveryhelpfulstaffat theBritishLibrary,BritishMuseumandNationalArmyMuseum.Closer to home, at the University of Tasmania I have been fortunate to call upon the advice and expertise of my colleagues Michael Bennett and Elizabeth Freeman. Special thanks go to my colleague and fellow first- year coordinator, Anthony Page, for sharing his ideas and enthusiasm forBritishhistoryoverthelasttenyears,andfortakingthetimeduring a busy teaching schedule to read and comment on various chapters. Ian Chambers, a friend and former colleague at Murdoch University, once again helped with map reproductions. I’m very grateful to Alan Forrest,oneoftheseries’editors,forhisadviceandsupport;andtothe book’sanonymousreaders.I’dalsoliketothanktheeditorsatPalgrave Macmillan, Jenny McCall for taking the book on, and Holly Tyler for herprofessionalism,friendlyhelpandunfailingattentiontomymany questions. Lastly, and most importantly, I want to thank my family. My father- in-law, Russell, read through many of the chapters. Above all, I owe a greatdebttomywife,Sally,forherlove,friendship,patienceandadvice over many years. This book would not have been possible without her support.Intheunexpectedlydifficulttimesthataccompaniedthefinal completion of this book, she demonstrated extraordinary courage and grace.Thisbookisdedicatedtoherandourbeautifuldaughters. IwouldliketothankJohnWileyandSonsforpermissiontoreproduce some material from my article, ‘A Dirty, Indolent, Priest-Ridden City: British Soldiers in Lisbon during the Peninsular War, 1808–1813’, His- tory,94(2009):461–482;theUniversityofLiverpoolPressforpermission to reproduce some material from my chapter, ‘Plunder on the Penin- sula: British Soldiers and Local Civilians during the Peninsular War, 1808–1813’, in Erica Charters, Eve Rosenhaft and Hannah Smith, eds, ix
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