The British Left and India: Metropolitan Anti-Imperialism, 1885-1947 (Oxford Historical Monographs) PDF
Preview The British Left and India: Metropolitan Anti-Imperialism, 1885-1947 (Oxford Historical Monographs)
THE BRITISH LEFT AND INDIA OXFORD HISTORICAL MONOGRAPHS Editors r. j. w. evans j. harris j. maddicott j. robertson r. service p. a. slack b. ward-perkins The British Left and India Metropolitan Anti-Imperialism, 1885–1947 NICHOLAS OWEN 1 1 GreatClarendonStreet,Oxfordox26dp OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford. ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship, andeducationbypublishingworldwidein Oxford NewYork Auckland CapeTown DaresSalaam HongKong Karachi KualaLumpur Madrid Melbourne MexicoCity Nairobi NewDelhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto Withofficesin Argentina Austria Brazil Chile CzechRepublic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore SouthKorea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam OxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPress intheUKandincertainothercountries PublishedintheUnitedStates byOxfordUniversityPressInc.,NewYork ©NicholasOwen2007 Themoralrightsoftheauthorhavebeenasserted DatabaserightOxfordUniversityPress(maker) Firstpublished2007 Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced, storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans, withoutthepriorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress, orasexpresslypermittedbylaw,orundertermsagreedwiththeappropriate reprographicsrightsorganization.Enquiriesconcerningreproduction outsidethescopeoftheaboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment, OxfordUniversityPress,attheaddressabove Youmustnotcirculatethisbookinanyotherbindingorcover andyoumustimposethesameconditiononanyacquirer BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Dataavailable LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData Owen,Nicholas(NicholasJ.) TheBritishleftandIndia:metropolitananti-imperialism,1885–1947/NicholasOwen. p.cm. Includesbibliographicalreferenceandindex. ISBN978–0–19–923301–4 1.Anti-imperialistmovements—GreatBritain—History—19thcentury.2.Anti-imperialist movements—GreatBritain—History—20thcentury.3.LabourParty(GreatBritain) 4.India—Foreignpublicopinion,British—History—19thcentury.5.India—Foreignpublicopinion, British—History—20thcentury.6.Publicopinion—GreatBritain—History—19thcentury. 7.Publicopinion—GreatBritain—History—20thcentury.ITitle. JV1017.0942007 954.03’5—dc22 2007028202 TypesetbyLaserwordsPrivateLimited,Chennai,India PrintedinGreatBritain onacid-freepaperby BiddlesLtd.,King’sLynn,Norfolk ISBN978–0–19–923301–4 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 Formyparents This page intentionally left blank Acknowledgements Material in Crown Copyright is reproduced under the permission guidelines of the National Archives and the Office of Public Sector Information. I am grateful to the following for permission to repro- duceunpublishedmaterialforwhichtheyholdoradministerthecopy- right. UniversityofHull:AmmonPapers;TheMasterandFellowsofUni- versity College, Oxford: Attlee Papers; The Bodleian Library: Dawson Diary;TheTheosophicalSociety:BesantPapers;SardarPatelMemorial Trust: Minute Book, British Committee of Congress; William Ready Division of Archives and Research Collections, McMaster University: Catlin Papers; The Warden and Fellows of Nuffield College, Oxford: Cripps Papers, Fabian Society Papers; The National Archives, Kew: Cripps Papers, J. Ramsay MacDonald Correspondence and Diary; Gandhi Smarak Nidhi: Gandhi Papers; Lord Gorell: Gorell Diary; FriendsHouse, London:Indian ConciliationGroup, AgathaHarrison Papers, Alexander Papers; The Master and Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge:MontaguDiaryandPethick-LawrencePapers;TheNehru Memorial Museum and Library: Motilal and Jawaharlal Nehru Cor- respondence; the All-India Congress Committee: the V. K. Krishna MenonPapers;TheMichaelAyrtonEstate:NevinsonDiary;Churchill Archives Centre, Churchill College, Cambridge: Noel-Baker Papers, Attlee Papers; Labour History Archive and Study Centre: Papers of the Labour Party and the Communist Party of Great Britain; London SchoolofEconomicsandPoliticalScience:PassfieldPapers;Borthwick Institute for Archives, University of York: Pole Papers; The British Library: R. P. Dutt Papers; The National Archives of India: Sastri Papers, Khaparde Diary, Jayakar Papers; Oriental and India Office Collections,BritishLibrary:SealPapers;ModernRecordsCentre,Uni- versityofWarwick:TradesUnionCongressPapers;SpecialCollections, UniversityofSussex:WoolfPapers. MaterialfromtheRamsayMacDonaldDiariesisreproducedaccom- paniedbythefollowingstatement:‘Thecontentsofthesediarieswere, in Ramsay MacDonald’s words, ‘‘meant as notes to guide and revive memory as regards happenings and must on no account be published viii Acknowledgements astheyare.’’’IamgratefultoRamsayMacDonald’sgranddaughterfor permissiontoquotefromthem. Everyefforthasbeenmadetocontactothercopyrightholders. TheresearchforthisbookwassupportedbytheBritishAcademyand theUniversityofOxford,towhomIamverygrateful.Itspublicationhas beengreatlyassistedbytheefficiencyoftheeditorsandstaffofOxford UniversityPress.Therearemanyotherpeoplewhodeservemygratitude fortheirhelpatvariousstagesoftheresearch,writingandpresentation of my arguments. They include Paul Addison, Carl Bridge, Judith M.Brown,DavidCannadine,SuhashChakravarty,PeterClarke,John Darwin,ParthaS.Gupta,StephenHowe,DavidHowell,AngelaJohn, SudiptaKaviraj,Wm.RogerLouis,D.A.Low,RossMcKibbin,Robin J.Moore,S.R.Mehrotra,KennethO.Morgan,KevinMorgan,David Omissi,TapanRaychaudhuri,AndewS.Thompson,E.P.Thompson, and Philip Williamson. They have saved me from many errors of fact and judgement, but none of them, of course, bears any responsibility forthosethatremain. Contents ListofAbbreviations xi Introduction 1 1. LiberalAnti-Imperialism:TheIndianNationalCongressin Britain,1885–1906 22 2. DilemmasoftheMetropolitanAnti-Imperialist,1906–10 49 3. EdwardianProgressiveVisitorstoIndia,1905–14 78 4. TheDecline,RevivalandFalloftheBritishCommitteeof Congress,1915–22 106 5. IndiaandtheLabourParty,1922–8 136 6. IndiaandtheLabourParty,1929–31 170 7. AnAnti-ImperialistJunctionBox?Metropolitan Anti-Imperialismintheearly1930s 197 8. AnAnti-FascistAlliance,1934–42 235 9. LabourandIndia,1942–7 271 Bibliography 299 Index 333
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