The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 1994: Vol 45 Table of Contents

9 Pages·1994·1 MB·English

THE
BRITISH JOURNAL
FOR THE
PHILOSOPHY OF
SCIENCE
VOLUME 45
1994
Published for the
British Society for the Philosophy of Science
by Oxford University Press

CONTENTS
ARTICLES
HOW TO TELL WHEN SIMPLER, MORE UNIFIED, OR LESS 4D HOC THEORIES WILL
PROVIDE MORE ACCURATE PREDICTIONS
Malcolm Forster and Elliott Sober
FACTS-WELL-PUT
Davis Baird and Alfred Nordmann
CAN SUPERSELECTION RULES SOLVE THE MEASUREMENT PROBLEM?
Don Robinson
GEORGE BOOLE’S ‘CONDITIONS OF POSSIBLE EXPERIENCE’ AND THE QUANTUM
PUZZLE
Itamar Pitowsky
CAUSES AND CONTEXTS: THE FOUNDATIONS OF LASER THEORY
Margaret Morrison
PARTIAL CONVERGENCE AND APPROXIMATE TRUTH
Duncan Macintosh
A LIMITED DEFENSE OF THE PESSIMISTIC INDUCTION
Jesse Hobbs
CONTENTIOUS CONTENTS: FOR INDUCTIVE PROBABILITY
Andrew Elby
SPACELIKE CONNECTIONS
Frank Arntzenius
SPACE AND RELATIVITY IN NEWTON AND LEIBNIZ
Richard Arthur
CARTER ON ANTHROPIC PRINCIPLE PREDICTIONS
Patrick A. Wilson
NUMBERS AS QUANTITATIVE RELATIONS AND THE TRADITIONAL THEORY OF
MEASUREMENT
Joel Michell
THE LESSONS OF THE HOLE ARGUMENT
Robert Rynasiewicz
THE VIRTUES OF RANDOMIZATION
David Papineau
BAYESIAN CONDITIONALIZATION AND PROBABILITY KINEMATICS
Colin Howson and Allan Franklin
BAYESIAN CONFIRMATION: PARADISE REGAINED
R. D. Rosenkrantz
PROBABILISTIC SUPPORT, PROBABILISTIC INDUCTION AND _ BAYESIAN
CONFIRMATION THEORY
Andrés Rivadulla
CONNECTIONISM AND THE LANGUAGE OF THOUGHT
Mark Rowlands
iv Contents
505 AN EXAMINATION OF SOME METAPHORICAL CONTEXTS FOR BIOLOGICALLY
MOTIVATED COMPUTING
R. C. Paton, H. S. Nwana, M. J. R. Shave and T. J. M. Bench-Capon
527 PHENOMENA AND REPRESENTATION
Norton Nelkin
549 ABSTRACT COMPLEXITY THEORY AND THE MIND-MACHINE PROBLEM
Albert E. Lyngzeidetson and Martin K. Solomon
555 TRANSPLANTATION, CHEMICAL INHERITANCE, AND THE IDENTITY OF ORGANS
Stephen R. Munzer
571 TESTING NORMATIVE NATURALISM: THE PROBLEM OF SCIENTIFIC MEDICINE
Ronald Munson and Paul Roth
585 THE IMAGE OF OBSERVABLES
Valerie Gray Hardcastle
599 ICON AND BILD: A NOTE ON THE ANALOGICAL STRUCTURE OF MODELS—THE ROLE
OF MODELS IN EXPERIMENT AND THEORY
James Horgan
COMPARING THEORIES BY THEIR POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE CONTENTS
Isabella C. Burger and Johannes Heidema
ANATOMY OF THE UNSOUGHT FINDING. SERENDIPITY: ORIGIN, HISTORY, DOMAINS,
TRADITIONS, APPEARANCES, PATTERNS AND PROGAMMABILITY
Pek van Andel
DID THE BIG BANG HAVE A CAUSE?
Quentin Smith
THE FOUNDATIONS OF QUANTUM MECHANICS AND THE APPROACH TO
THERMODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM
David Z. Albert
SAMENESS OF AGE COHORTS IN THE MATHEMATICS OF POPULATION GROWTH
Abraham Akkerman
ON THE METHOD OF SUPERPOSITION
Ernest W. Adams
EPISTEMOLOGY OF VISUAL THINKING IN ELEMENTARY REAL ANALYSIS
Marcus Giaquinto
ON THE METHODS OF COGNITIVE NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
Clark Glymour
TESTING MODELS OF COGNITION THROUGH THE ANALYSIS OF BRAIN-DAMAGED
PERFORMANCE
Jeffrey Bub
THE SPEED-OPTIMALITY OF REICHENBACH’S STRAIGHT RULE OF INDUCTION
Cory F. Juhl
CHANGING THE THEORY OF THEORY CHANGE: TOWARDS A COMPUTATIONAL
APPROACH
Neil Tennant
THE SECOND LAW OF PROBABILITY DYNAMICS
Martin Barrett and Elliott Sober
SCIENTIFIC REALISM, SCIENTIFIC PRACTICE, AND THE NATURAL ONTOLOGICAL
ATTITUDE
André Kukla
THE AHARONOV-BOHM EFFECT AND THE REALITY OF WAVE PACKETS
Chuang Liu
Contents v
CONDITIONING AND INTERVENING
Christopher Meek and Clark Glymour
REVIEW ARTICLES
THE PHYSICALIZATION OF MATHEMATICS
Peter Milne
ONE DIMENSIONAL EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCE
J. E. Tiles
IMAGINARY SCIENCE
David Gooding
THE VIRTUES, CHALLENGES AND IMPLICATIONS OF CONNECTIONISM
Stephen P. Stich
DISCUSSIONS
THE POWER OR ARCHED HYPOTHESES: FEYERABEND’S GALILEO AS A CLOSET
RATIONALIST
Neil Thomason
ON DYNAMICS, INDISCERNIBILITY, AND SPACETIME ONTOLOGY
Robert DiSalle
PRICE ON THE WHEELER-FEYNMAN THEORY
Stephen Leeds
RESCHER’S UNSUCCESSFUL EVOLUTIONARY ARGUMENT
Bruce W. Hauptli
MATHEMATICAL NOTES ON ROSS’S PARADOX
Philip Holgate
COMMENT ON BARRETT AND SOBER’S PAPER ON THE RELEVANCE OF ENTROPY TO
RETRODICTION AND PREDICTION
K. G. Denbigh
REPLY TO DAVID PAPINEAU
Peter Urbach
WILLIAM WHEWELL: PROBLEMS OF INDUCTION VS. PROBLEMS OF RATIONALITY
John Wettersten
ROSS’ PARADOX IS AN IMPOSSIBLE SUPER-TASK
Jean Paul van Bendegem
IS THERE ANTHROPOLOGICAL EVIDENCE THAT LOGIC IS CULTURALLY RELATIVE?:
REMARKS ON BLOOR, JENNINGS, AND EVANS-PRITCHARD
Timm Triplett
DOUBLE BRAIN, DOUBLE PERSON?
M. Thornton
A SOLUTION TO A PROBLEM FOR BAYESIAN CONFIRMATION THEORY
Richard Otte
THE IGNIS FATUUS OF SEMANTIC UNIVERSALIA: THE CASE OF COLOUR
J. van Brakel
BELIEFS, FUNCTIONALLY DISCRETE STATES, AND CONNECTIONIST NETWORKS:
A COMMENT ON RAMSEY, STITCH, AND GARON
George Botterill
vi Contents
907 IS CLASSICAL MECHANICS TIME REVERSAL INVARIANT?
Steven F. Savitt
914 GLYMOUR ON EXPLANATION
Byeong-uk Yi
1021 REINTERPRETING THE WHEELER-FEYNMAN ABSORBER THEORY: REPLY TO LEEDS
Huw Price
REVIEWS
PAUL HUMPHREYS [1989]; THE CHANCES OF EXPLANATION
J. Woodward
PERA, M. AND SHEA, W. R. (EDS) [1991]; PERSUADING SCIENCE. THE ART OF SCIENTIFIC
RHETORIC
Eleonora Montuschi
MICHAEL DUMMETT: FREGE: PHILOSOPHY OF MATHEMATICS
B. Weiss
P. HORWICH (ED.): WORLD CHANGES: THOMAS KUHN AND THE NATURE OF SCIENCE
P. HOYNINGEN-HUENE: RECONSTRUCTING SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTIONS: THOMAS S.
KUHN’S PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Stathis Psillos
DOUGLAS M. JESSEPH: BERKELEY’S PHILOSOPHY OF MATHEMATICS
J. R. Milton
PHILIP KITCHER: THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE: SCIENCE WITHOUT LEGEND,
OBJECTIVITY WITHOUT ILLUSIONS
Peter Lipton
TIM MAUDLIN: QUANTUM NON-LOCALITY AND RELATIVITY: ARISTOTELIAN SOCIETY
SERIES
Lawrence Sklar
JAMES ROBERT BROWN: SMOKE AND MIRRORS: HOW SCIENCE REFLECTS REALITY
J. B. Kennedy
ARTHUR DONOVAN, LARRY LAUDAN, AND RACHEL LAUDEN: SCRUTINIZING
SCIENCE: EMPIRICAL STUDIES OF SCIENTIFIC CHANGE
John Preston
DONALD GILLIES: PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY: FOUR
CENTRAL THEMES
Thomas E. Uebel
DAVID PAPINEAU: PHILOSOPHICAL NATURALISM
Berent Eng
G. SHER: THE BOUNDS OF LOGIC: A GENERALIZED VIEWPOINT
Moshé Machover
ELLIOTT SOBER: PHILOSOPHY OF BIOLOGY
John Dupré
AUTHOR INDEX
ARTICLES
ADAMS, ERNEST W. On the Method of Superposition, 693
AKKERMAN, ABRAHAM. Sameness of Age Cohorts in the Mathematics of Population
Growth, 679
ALBERT, DAVID Z. The Foundations of Quantum Mechanics and the Approach to
Thermodynamic Equilibrium, 669
ARNTZENIUS, FRANK. Spacelike Connections, 201
ARTHUR, RICHARD. Space and Relativity in Newton and Leibniz, 219
BAIRD, DAVIS and NORDMANN, ALFRED. Facts-Well-Put, 37
BARRETT, MARTIN and SOBER, ELLIOTT. The Second Law of Probability Dynamics, 941
BUB, JEFFREY. Testing Models of Cognition Through the Analysis of Brain-
Damaged Performance, 837
BURGER, ISABELLA C. and HEIDEMA, JOHANNES. Comparing Theories by their Positive
and Negative Contents, 605
ELBY, ANDREW. Contentious Contents: for Inductive Probability, 193
FORSTER, MALCOLM and SOBER, ELLIOTT. How to Tell When Simpler, More Unified, or
Less Ad Hoc Theories will Provide More Accurate Predictions, 1
GIAQUINTO, MARCUS. Epistemology of Visual Thinking in Elementary Real
Analysis, 789
GLYMOUR, CLARK. On the Methods of Cognitive Neuropsychology, 815
HARDCASTLE, GRAY VALERIE. The Image of Observables, 585
HOBBS, JESSE. A Limited Defense of the Pessimistic Induction, 171
HORGAN, JAMES. Icon and Bild: A Note on the Analogical Structure of Models—The
Role of Models in Experiment and Theory, 599
HOWSON, COLIN and FRANKLIN, ALLAN. Bayesian Conditionalization and Probability
Kinematics, 451
JUHL, CoRY F. The Speed-Optimality of Reichenbach’s Straight Rule of Induction,
857
KUKLA, ANDRE. Scientific Realism, Scientific Practice, and the Natural Ontological
Attitude, 955
LIU, CHUANG. The Aharonov—Bohm Effect and the Reality of Wave Packets, 977
LYNGZEIDETSON, ALBERT E. and SOLOMAN, MARTIN K. Abstract Complexity Theory
and the Mind-Machine Problem, 549
MACINTOSH, DUNCAN. Partial Convergence and Approximate Truth, 153
MEEK, CHRISTOPHER and GLYMOUR, CLARK. Conditioning and Intervening, 1001
MICHELL, JOEL. Numbers as Quantitative Relations and the Traditional Theory of
Measurement, 389
MORRISON, MARGARET. Causes and Contexts: The Foundations of Laser Theory, 127
MUNSON, RONALD and ROTH, PAUL. Testing Normative Naturalism: the Problem of
Scientific Medicine, 571
MUNZER, STEPHEN R. Transplantation, Chemical Inheritance, and the Identity of
Organs, 555
NELKIN, NORTON. Phenomena and Representation, 527
viii Author index
PAPINEAU, DAVID. The Virtues of Randomization, 437
PATON, R. C., NWANA, H. S., SHAVE, M. J. R. and BENCH-CAPON, T. J. M. An Examination of
Some Metaphorical Contexts for Biologically Motivated Computing, 505
PITOWSKY, ITAMAR. George Boole’s ‘Conditions of Possible Experience’ and the
Quantum Puzzle, 95
RIVADULLA, ANDRES. Probabilistic Support, Probabilistic Induction and Bayesian
Confirmation Theory, 477
ROBINSON, DON. Can Superselection Rules Solve the Measurement Problem? 79
ROSENKRANTZ, R. D. Bayesian Confirmation: Paradise Regained, 467
ROWLANDS, MARK. Connectionism and the Language of Thought, 485
+ RYNASIEWICZ, ROBERT. The Lessons of the Hole Argument, 407
SMITH, QUENTIN. Did the Big Bang Have a Cause? 649
TENNANT, NEIL. Changing the Theory of Theory Change: Towards a Computational
Approach, 865
VAN ANDEL, PEK. Anatomy of the Unsought Finding. Serendipity: Origin, History,
Domains, Traditions, Appearances, Patterns and Progammability, 631
WILSON, PATRICK, A. Carter on Anthropic Principle Predictions, 241
REVIEW ARTICLES
GOODING, DAVID. Imaginary Science, 1027
MILNE, PETER. The Physicalization of Mathematics, 305
STICH, STEPHEN P. The Virtues, Challenges and Implications of Connectionism, 1044
TILES, J. E. One Dimensional Experimental Science, 341
DISCUSSIONS
BOTTERILL, GEORGE. Beliefs, Functionally Discrete States, and Connectionist
Networks: a Comment on Ramsey, Stitch, and Garon, 899
DENBIGH, K.G. Comment on Barrett and Sober’s paper on the Relevance of Entropy
to Retrodiction and Prediction, 709
DISALLE, ROBERT. On Dynamics, Indiscernibility, and Spacetime Ontology, 265
HAUPTLI, BRUCE W. Rescher’s Unsuccessful Evolutionary Argument, 295
HOLGATE, PHILIP. Mathematical Notes on Ross’s Paradox, 302
LEEDS, STEPHEN. Price on the Wheeler—Feynman Theory, 288
OTTE, RICHARD. A Solution to a Problem for Bayesian Confirmation Theory, 764
PRICE, HUW. Reinterpreting the Wheeler-Feynman Absorber Theory: Reply to
Leeds, 1021 ;
SAVITT, STEVEN, F. Is Classical Mechanics Time Reversal Invariant? 907
THORNTON, M. Double Brain, Double Person? 761
TRIPLETT, TIMM. Is There Anthropological Evidence that Logic is Culturally
Relative?: Remarks on Bloor, Jennings, and Evans-Pritchard, 749
THOMASON, NEIL. The Power or ARCHED Hypotheses: Feyerabend’s Galileo as a
Closet Rationalist, 255
URBACH, PETER. Reply to David Papineau, 712
VAN BENDEGEM, JEAN PAUL. Ross’s Paradox is an Impossible Super-Task, 743
VAN BRAKEL, J. The /gnis Fatuus of Semantic Universalia: The Case of Colour, 770
Author index ix
WETTERSTEN, JOHN. William Whewell: Problems of Induction vs. Problems of
Rationality, 716
YI, BYEONG-UK. Glymour on Explanation, 914
REVIEWS
BERENT, ENG. David Papineau: Philosophical Naturalism, 1068
DUPRE, JOHN. Elliott Sober: Philosophy of Biology, 1082
KENNEDY, J. B. James Robert Brown: Smoke and Mirrors: How Science Reflects
Reality, 1057
LIPTON, PETER. Philip Kitcher: The Advancement of Science: Science Without
Legend, Objectivity Without Illusions, 929
MACHOVER, MOSHE. G. Sher: The Bounds of Logic: A Generalized Viewpoint, 1076
MONTUSCHI, ELEONORA. Pera, M. and Shea, W. R. (eds) [1991]: Persuading Science.
The Art of Scientific Rhetoric, 375
MILTON, J.R. Douglas M. Jesseph: Berkeley’s Philosophy of Mathematics, 927
PRESTON, JOHN. Arthur Donovan, Larry Laudan, and Rachel Lauden: Scrutinizing
Science: Empirical Studies of Scientific Change, 1061
PSILLOS, STATHIS. P. Horwich (ed.): World Changes: Thomas Kuhn and the Nature
of Science; P. Hoyningen-Huene: Reconstructing Scientific Revolutions:
Thomas S. Kuhn’s Philosophy of Science, 923
SKLAR, LAWRENCE. Tim Maudlin: Quantum Non-Locality and Relativity:
Aristotelian Society Series, 933
UEBEL, THOMAS, E. Donald Gillies: Philosophy of Science in the Twentieth Century:
Four Central Themes, 1064
WEISS, B. Michael Dummett: Frege: Philosophy of Mathematics, 918
WOODWARD,J . Paul Humphreys [1989]: The Chances of Explanation, 353