T H E B R E A S T C A N C E R W A R S Fear, Hope, and the Pursuit of a Cure in Twentieth-Century America B A R R O W H. L E R N E R . M.D. Thisp age intentionally left blank Hope, Fear, and the Pursuit of a Cure in Twentieth-Century America Barron H. Lerner, M.D. OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Oxford New York Auckland Bangkok Buenos Aiies Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Florence Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi SbP aulo Shanghai Taipei Tokyo Toronto Copyright O 200 1 by Barron H. Lerner First published by Oxford University Press, Inc., 2001 First issued as an Oxford University Press paperback, 2003 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 100 16 www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced. stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lerner. Barron H. The breast cancer wars : fear, hope, and the pursuit of a cure in twentieth-century America / Barron Lerner. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-19-514261-6 (cloth) ISBN-13 978-0-19-5 1610 6-9 (pbk.) ISBN 0-19-5 16106-8 (pbk.) 1. Breast-Cancer-United States-History-20th Century. I. Title. [DNLM: 1. Breast Neoplasms-history-United States. 2. Breast Neoplasms-surgery-United States. 3. History of Medicine, 20th Cent.-United States. 4. Mastectomy-history-United States. WP 11 AA1 L616b 200 11 RC280.B8 L375 20001 61 6.99'449'00973-dc2 1 00-06391 35798642 Printed in the United States of America Thisp age intentionally left blank "War is a science, with rules to be applied, whch good solders appreciate, recall and recapitulate, before they go to decimate the other side." -From the Broadway musical Pippin Thisp age intentionally left blank Preface Abbreviations 1 Introduction 2 Establishing a Tradition William Halsted and the Radical Mastectomy 3 Inventing a Curable Disease Breast Cancer Control after World War I1 t The Scalpel Triumphant Radical Surgery in the 1950s 5 A Heretical Interlude Biology as Fate 6 Reality Check Breast Cancer Treatment and Randomized Controlled Trials 7 "I Alone Am in Charge of My Body" Breast Cancer Patients in Revolt 8 No Shrinking Violet Rose Kushner and the Maturation of Brat Cancer Activism
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