The boundaries of the West African craton

530 Pages·2008·19.59 MB·English

by  Jean-Paul Liégeois

ERRATUM
Special Publication 297
DABO,M.,GUEYE,M.,NGOM,P.M.&DIAGNE,M.2008.Orogen-paralleltectonictransport:transpres-
sionandstrainpartitioningintheMauritanidesofNESenegal.In:ENNIH,N.&LIE´GEOIS,J.-P.(eds)The
BoundariesoftheWestAfricanCraton.GeologicalSociety,London,SpecialPublications,297,483–497.
DOI:10.1144/SP297.23
Thefigureonpage485isincorrect.Thecorrectfigureisgivenbelow.Thecaptioniscorrectintheprinted/
onlineversion.
The Boundaries of the West African Craton
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Itisrecommendedthatreferencetoallorpartofthisbookshouldbemadeinoneofthefollowingways:
ENNIH,N.&LIE´GEOIS,J.-P.(eds)2008.TheBoundariesoftheWestAfricanCraton.GeologicalSociety,
London,SpecialPublications,297.
POUCLET,A.,OUAZZANI,H.&FEKKAK,A.2008.TheCambrianvolcano-sedimentaryformationsofthe
westernmostHighAtlas(Morocco):theirplaceinthegeodynamicevolutionoftheWestAfricanPalaeo-
Gondwananorthernmargin.In:ENNIH,N.&LIE´GEOIS,J.-P.(eds)TheBoundariesoftheWestAfrican
Craton.GeologicalSociety,London,SpecialPublications,297,303–327.
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY SPECIAL PUBLICATION NO.297
The Boundaries of the West African Craton
EDITED BY
NASSER ENNIH
El Jadida University, Morocco
and
JEAN-PAUL LIE´GEOIS
Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
2008
Published by
The Geological Society
London
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Preface
This special publication was generated by the thehighqualityofthisvolume.Weareindebtedto
UNESCO International Geological Correlation themandwewarmlythankthem.
Program(IGCP)485named‘Cratons,metacratons
and mobile belts; keys from the West African The panel of reviewers for this volume were:
craton boundaries: Eburnian versus Pan-African J. Abati (Madrid, Spain)
signature, magmatic, tectonic and metallogenic H. Admou (Marrakech, Morocco)
implications’, in short, ‘The boundaries of the A. Aghzer (El Jadida, Morocco)
WestAfricancraton’,thetitleofthisbook.Amain K. Attoh (Ithaca, USA)
issue of this IGCP485 was to bring African A. Azor (Granada, Spain)
geologists from different countries together with T. Berza (Bucharest, Romania)
European and American geologists in the same P. G. Betts (Melbourne, Australia)
Africanregionandtopromotegeologicalresearch B. Bonin (Orsay, France)
across political boundaries. The fact that this N. Bournas (Algiers, Algeria)
ambitious goal was attained in Saharan regions is F. Bussy (Lausanne, Switzerland)
due to the energy and enthusiasm of geologists, A. Calvert (Burnaby, Canada)
colleagues and friends, from the countries where C. Carrigan (Olivet Nazarene, USA)
these field trips were organized, who gave a great P. Cawood (Perth, Australia)
deal of their time to organize these huge events. R. J. Chapman (Leeds, UK)
We are extremely grateful to Ezzoura Errami, A. Cheilletz (Nancy, France)
Abdelilah Fekkak from El Jadida University and J. R. Cottin (St Etienne, France)
Hassan Admou from Marrakech University (Anti- D. Demaiffe (Brussels, Belgium)
Atlasfieldtrip,Morocco2003),KhalidouLoˆ,now T. De Putter (Tervuren, Belgium)
Director of the Office mauritanien de recherche M. de Wit (Cape Town, South Africa)
ge´ologique (Reguibat field trip, Mauritania 2004), M. Doucoure´ (De Beers, South Africa)
Dramane Dembe´le´, now Director of the Direction D. Dyck (Billiton, Canada)
NationaledelaGe´ologieetdesMinesandSamba J. F. A. Diener (Stellenbosh, South Africa)
Sacko, who sadly died a few weeks after the M. El Houicha (El Jadida, Morocco)
conference (Gourma field trip, Mali 2005), E. Errami (El Jadida, Morocco)
Khadidja Ouzegane and Abla Azzouni-Sekkal, D. Gasquet (Nancy, France)
professors at the Universite´ des Sciences et P. Goncalves (Besancon, France)
TechniquesHouariBoumediennea` Alger(Hoggar K. Hefferan (Stevens Point, USA)
fieldtrip,Algeria2006),HassanOuanaimanifrom J. Hibbard (North Carolina, USA)
the Ecole Normale Supe´rieure, Marrakech and M. Higgins (Chicoutimi, Canada)
again Ezzoura Errami from El Jadida University N. Ilbeyli (Hatey, Turkey)
(Anti-Atlas and High Atlas field trip, Morocco, R. Kerrich (Saskatchewan, Canada)
2007). These remote field trips provided an P. Koenigshof (Mainz, Germany)
extraordinary crucible for African geologists and A. Korsakov (Novosibirsk, Russia)
African geology. The fifth and final field trip in M. Lehtonen (GTK, Finland)
late 2007 completed a geological cross-section U. Linneman (Dresden, Germany)
from the Anti-Atlas through the High Atlas to B. Litvinovsky (Beer-Sheva, Israe¨l)
reach the Meseta in Morocco. The IGCP497 ‘The S. Lubeseder (Manchester, UK)
Rheic Ocean’ has also been associated with this A. C. Maalof (Cambridge, UK)
project. Indeed a main conclusion of this study is C. Marignac (Nancy, France)
that the boundaries of cratons are susceptible to R. Mapeo (Gaborone, Botswana)
reactivationoreventoleavethecratonasoccurred P. Marquer (Besancon, France)
when the peri-Gondwanan terranes left the West J. Martignole (Quebec, Canada)
African craton, generating the Rheic Ocean. S. Master (Johannesburg, South Africa)
This Special Publication would not have been S. Masur (Wroclav, Poland)
possiblewithouttheparticipationofthecontributors R. P. Me´not (St Etienne, France)
tothisvolume.Wearegratefulfortheirsubmissions A. Michard (Paris, France)
and their willingness to enhance their papers as E. Moores (California, USA)
muchaspossible.Thesupportofmanycolleagues P. Morzadec (Rennes, France)
whoactedasreviewersisalsogreatlyappreciated. H. Ouanaimi (Marrakech, Morocco)
Their conscientious work was necessary to ensure Y. Osanai (Fukuoka, Japan)
viii PREFACE
K. Ouzegane (Algiers, Algeria) A. Schmidt Mumm (Adelaide, Australia)
C. Passchier (Mainz, Germany) J. Schumacher (Bristol, UK)
J. J. Peucat (Rennes, France) J. Ugidos (Salamanca, Spain)
A. Pouclet (Orle´ans, France) A. Wilde (Monash, USA)
A. Preat (Brussels, Belgium) F. Y. Wu (Changchun, China)
G. Rebay (Pavia, Italy)
R. Resmini (Fairfax, USA) NASSER ENNIH
K. Sato (Tokyo, Japan) JEAN-PAUL LIE´GEOIS
Contents
Preface vii
ENNIH,N.&LIE´GEOIS,J.-P.TheboundariesoftheWestAfricancraton,withspecialreference 1
tothebasementoftheMoroccanmetacratonicAnti-Atlasbelt
ThePalaeoproterozoicterranesfromtheWestAfricancratonandtheirreworking
SOUMAILA,A.,HENRY,P.,GARBA,Z.&ROSSI,M.REEpatterns,Nd–SmandU–Pbagesof 19
themetamorphicrocksoftheDiagorou–Darbanigreenstonebelt(Liptako,SWNiger):
implicationforBirimian(Palaeoproterozoic)crustalgenesis
KEY,R.M.,LOUGHLIN,S.C.,GILLESPIE,M.,DEL RIO,M.,HORSTWOOD,M.S.A., 33
CROWLEY,Q.G.,DARBYSHIRE,D.P.F.,PITFIELD,P.E.J.&HENNEY,P.J.
TwoMesoarchaeanterranesintheReguibatshieldofNWMauritania
KOLB,J.,MEYER,F.M.,VENNEMANN,T.,HOFFBAUER,R.,GERDES,A.&SAKELLARIS,G. 53
A.GeologicalsettingoftheGuelbMoghreinFeoxide–Cu–Au–Comineralization,Akjoujtarea,
Mauritania
KAHOUI,M.,MAHDJOUB,Y.&KAMINSKY,F.V.Possibleprimarysourcesofdiamondinthe 77
NorthAfricandiamondiferousprovince
BENDAOUD,A.,OUZEGANE,K.,GODARD,G.,LIE´GEOIS,J.-P.,KIENAST,J.-R.,BRUGUIER,O. 111
&DRARENI,A.GeochronologyandmetamorphicP–T–XevolutionoftheEburneangranulite-
faciesmetapelitesofTidjenouine(CentralHoggar,Algeria):witnessoftheLATEAmetacratonic
evolution
ADJERID,Z.,OUZEGANE,K.,GODARD,G.&KIENAST,J.R.Firstreportofultrahigh- 147
temperaturesapphirineþspinelþquartzandorthopyroxeneþspinelþquartzparageneses
discoveredinAl–MggranulitesfromtheKhanfousarea(InOuzzalmetacraton,Hoggar,Algeria)
ThePan-AfricanorogenyalongtheboundariesoftheWestAfricancraton
VILLENEUVE,M.ReviewoftheorogenicbeltsonthewesternsideoftheWestAfricancraton: 169
theBassarides,RokelidesandMauritanides
CABY,R.,BUSCAIL,F.,DEMBE´LE´,D.,DIAKITE´,S.,SACKO,S.&BAL,M.Neoproterozoic 203
garnet-glaucophanitesandeclogites:newinsightsforsubductionmetamorphismoftheGourma
foldandthrustbelt(easternMali)
ATTOH,K.&NUDE,P.M.Tectonicsignificanceofcarbonatiteandultrahigh-pressurerocksin 217
thePan-AfricanDahomeyidesuturezone,southeasternGhana
BOUSQUET,R.,ELMAMOUN,R.,SADDIQI,O.,GOFFE´,B.,MO¨LLER,A.&MADI,A.Me´langes 233
andophiolitesduringthePan-Africanorogeny:thecaseoftheBou-Azzerophiolitesuite
(Morocco)
BELKABIR,A.,JE´BRAK,M.,MAACHA,L.,AZIZI SAMIR,M.R.&MADI,A.Gold 249
mineralizationintheProterozoicBleidaophiolite,Anti-Atlas,Morocco
TOUIL,A.,HAFID,A.,MOUTTE,J.&EL BOUKHARI,A.Petrologyandgeochemistryofthe 265
NeoproterozoicSirouagranitoids(centralAnti-Atlas,Morocco):evolutionfromsubduction-
relatedtowithin-platemagmatism
ThelateNeoproterozoic–earlyPalaeozoicextensionalongtheWestAfricancraton
andthePeri-Gondwananterranes
A´LVARO,J.J.,MACOUIN,M.,EZZOUHAIRI,H.,CHARIF,A., AITAYAD,N.,RIBEIRO,M.L.& 285
ADER,M.LateNeoproterozoiccarbonateproductivityinariftingcontext:theAdoudou
FormationanditsassociatedbimodalvolcanismonlappingthewesternSaghroinlier,Morocco
POUCLET,A.,OUAZZANI,H.&FEKKAK,A.TheCambrianvolcano-sedimentaryformationsof 303
thewesternmostHighAtlas(Morocco):theirplaceinthegeodynamicevolutionoftheWest
AfricanPalaeo-Gondwananorthernmargin
vi CONTENTS
EZZOUHAIRI,H.,RIBEIRO,M.L.,AIT AYAD,N.,MOREIRA,M.E.,CHARIF,A.,RAMOS, 329
J.M.F.,DEOLIVEIRA,D.P.S.&COKE,C.ThemagmaticevolutionattheMoroccanoutboard
oftheWestAfricancratonbetweentheLateNeoproterozoicandtheEarlyPalaeozoic
NANCE,R.D.,MURPHY,J.B.,STRACHAN,R.A.,KEPPIE,J.D.,GUTIE´RREZ-ALONSO,G., 345
FERNA´NDEZ-SUA´REZ,J.,QUESADA,C.,LINNEMANN,U.,D’LEMOS,R.&PISAREVSKY,S.A.
Neoproterozoic–earlyPalaeozoictectonostratigraphyandpalaeogeographyofthe
peri-Gondwananterranes:Amazonianv.WestAfricanconnections
PEREIRA,M.F.,CHICHORRO,M.,WILLIAMS,I.S.&SILVA,J.B.ZirconU–Pbgeochronology 385
ofparagneissesandbiotitegranitesfromtheSWIberianMassif(Portugal):evidencefora
palaeogeographicallinkbetweentheOssa–MorenaEdiacaranbasinsandtheWestAfrican
craton
GU¨RSU,S.&GONCUOGLU,M.C.PetrogenesisandgeodynamicevolutionoftheLate 409
Neoproterozoicpost-collisionalfelsicmagmatisminNEAfyonarea,westerncentralTurkey
TheVariscanorogenyalongtheWestAfricancraton
SOULAIMANI,A.&BURKHARD,M.TheAnti-Atlaschain(Morocco):thesouthernmarginofthe 433
VariscanbeltalongtheedgeoftheWestAfricancraton
BAIDDER,L.,RADDI,Y.,TAHIRI,M.&MICHARD,A.DevonianextensionofthePan-African 453
crustnorthoftheWestAfricancraton,anditsbearingontheVariscanforelanddeformation:
evidencefromeasternAnti-Atlas(Morocco)
OUANAIMI,H.&LAZREQ,N.The‘Rich’groupoftheDraˆaBasin(LowerDevonian,Anti-Atlas, 467
Morocco):anintegratedsedimentaryandtectonicapproach
DABO,M.,GUEYE,M.,NGOM,P.M.&DIAGNE,M.Orogen-paralleltectonictransport: 483
transpressionandstrainpartitioningintheMauritanidesofNESenegal
TheCenozoicsituationalongtheboundariesofWestAfricancraton
ATTOH,K.&BROWN,L.DeepstructureofthesoutheasternmarginoftheWestAfricancraton 499
fromseismicreflectiondata,offshoreGhana
BERGER,J.,ENNIH,N.,LIE´GEOIS,J.-P.,NKONO,C.,MERCIER,J.-C.C.&DEMAIFFE,D. 509
Acomplexmulti-chambermagmaticsystembeneathalateCenozoicvolcanicfield:evidence
fromCSDsandthermobarometryofclinopyroxenefromasinglenepheliniteflow(DjbelSaghro,
Morocco)
Index 525