The botanizers: amateur scientists in nineteenth-century America PDF
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The Botanizers Amateur Scientists in Nineteenth-Century America Elizabeth B. Keeney The University of North Carolina Press Chapel Hill & London The Botanizers : Amateur Scientists in title: Nineteenth-century America author: Keeney, Elizabeth. publisher: University of North Carolina Press isbn10 | asin: 0807820466 print isbn13: 9780807820469 ebook isbn13: 9780807862391 language: English Botanizers--United States--History--19th subject century, Botany--United States--History- -19th century. publication date: 1992 lcc: QK46.5.B66K44 1992eb ddc: 581/.0973/09034 Botanizers--United States--History--19th subject: century, Botany--United States--History- -19th century. © 1992 The University of North Carolina Press All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America The paper in this book meets the guidelines for performance and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources. 96 95 94 93 92 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Keeney, Elizabeth The botanizers: amateur scientists in nineteenth-century America / by Elizabeth B. Keeney. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8078-2046-6 (cloth: alk. paper). 1. BotanizersUnited StatesHistory19th century. 2. BotanyUnited StatesHistory19th century. I. Title. QK46.5.B66K44 1992 581'.0973'09034dc20 92-5022 "Botanizing" (Frontispiece from William Whitman Bailey, Botanizing: A Guide to Field Collecting and Herbarium Work, 1899) In memory of Will Humphreys: teacher, mentor, and friend Contents Acknowledgments, xi Introduction, 1 1 Botanizing, 9 2 Information Networks in the Botanical Community, 22 3 Botanizing and Self-Improvement, 38 4 Children, Education, and Amateur Botany, 51 5 Gender and Botany, 69 6 Botanizing and the Invention of Leisure, 83 7 Natural Theology and Amateur Botany, 99 8 Botany and the Rhetoric of Utility, 112 9 The Triumph of Professionalization, 123 10The Nature-Study Movement: The Legacy of Amateur 135 Botany, Conclusion, 146 Notes, 151 Bibliography, 171 Index, 197 Illustrations "Botanizing" frontispiece William Whitman Bailey 17 Josselyn Botanical Society, 1896 28 "How Plants Grow" 40 "Uncle Philip Talking to the Boys" 53 "The Passion Flower" 73 "What Ye Got Now?" 87 "And God Saw That It Was Good" 102 "The Farmer and the Class in Botany" 115 Syracuse Botanical Club, 1915 127 "The Fields and Forests" 144 Page xi Acknowledgments Like most books, this one owes its completion to many people. In the course of its evolution it has been toucheddirectly and indirectlyby an extraordinary number of hands. Special thanks are due to Ronald L. Numbers who guided me toward the topic. My first crack at writing on the subject occurred in Daniel Rodgers's graduate seminar at the University of Wisconsin, where he and my fellow students provided invaluable feedback at a critical stage. Nathan Reingold and the Smithsonian Institution provided a year of research and thinking that enriched the project immensely. Carl Kaestle, the late William Coleman, Margaret Rossiter, Michele Aldrich, Barbara Melosh, Sally Gregory Kohlstedt, and David Allen all read and commented helpfully on part or all of one or more versions. Mark Barrow provided especially helpful comments and reassurance in the final stages. A. Hunter Dupree treated me like a colleague long before I had earned that, for which I am most appreciative. My colleagues in the History of Science Department at Harvard, most especially Everett Mendelsohn, listened patiently to pieces of this work. During the revision of this work a number of friends provided invaluable moral support. Fred Jewett, Hank Moses, Jeff Wolcowitz, and my fellow Allston Burr Senior Tutors made my work days (and nights and weekends) as enriching as our students made them exciting. Susan Repetto, Dianne Weinstein, Catalina Arboleda, JoAnne Brown, Dwight Reynolds, Michael Engh, S.J., and John Warner all provided encouragement at critical points. The Usual Suspects Book Group (especially Karen Heath) nourished my mind and restored my spirits on a regular basis. My new friends and colleagues at Kenyon College have borne my obsessive discussion of revision during my first months here with remarkable tolerance and good humor. Lewis Bateman and Pamela Upton at the University of North Carolina Press have been extremely helpful. Finally, I want to acknowledge a special debt. Because I am learning disabled, I am particularly grateful for having had more than my fair share of very good teachers. Will Humphreys, to Page xii whose memory this book is dedicated, was my teacher at The Evergreen State College before he became my mentor and friend. Will encouraged my interest in the history of science. More important, he believed in me so strongly that I began to believe in myself, without which no degree of compensation and mastery would have been worth much. The Botanizers
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