The Botanical Works of Philippi, Father and Son, in Chile

6 Pages·1994·2.7 MB·

by  Charlotte M Taylor

WORKS
BOTANICAL OF
THE Charlotte M. Taylor 2 and
AND Melica Munoz-Schick3
FATHER
PHILIPPI,
CHILE
SON, IN
1
Abstract
Rodulfo Amando Philippi (1808-1904) was a leading figure in Chilean natural history, including botany. His son
We
Federico Philippi (1838-1910) was a botanist during the same period and worked closely with him. present an
orientation to their works and the information available about them. Both Philippis collected widely in Chile; their
SGO,
principal field trips are summarized. The Philippis' material, including types, is deposited primarily at but
complicated
numerous specimens were distributed to other herbaria. The identification of type material is frequently
by sparse label data and many duplicates; lectotypes remain to be selected for many names. Although both Philippis
published widely in a variety of journals and languages, their descriptions of Chilean plants were published principally
in Chilean journals.
Amando (1808-1904; (Mufioz-Schick, 1973). Federico collected material
Rodulfo Philippi Phil.;
33
"Rodolfo," & Cowan, 1983) was one of that his father described; he himself described
Stafleu
1910,
the most important scientists in the history of Chile. new species of plants (listed by Gotschlich,
compiled
He was a key figure in the inventory and description and Gunckel, 1939), most in publications
of the country's natural richness, the development by his father. He was the first head of the Seccion
Museo Nacional, where he curated
of education there, and the development of the Botanica of the
and compiled an updated catalog of Chil-
collections and libraries of the Museo Nacional de specimens
1881), and he followed his
Historia Natural. He was aided in these efforts by ean plants (F. Philippi,
his son, Federico Enrique Eunom Philippi (1838- father as professor of botany at the University of
1910; F. Phil.). Their work spans 60 years during Chile, and director of the Jardin Botanico at the
Normal.
the time of Chile's greatest expansion of territory Quinta
number works pub-
of
and development. As the leading biologists of In addition to the large
field
much has been written about
their day, one or both of the Philippis were the lished by the Philippis,
Here we concentrate on the
first to explore much of the country, which their them and their work.
combined works, to orient
predecessor Claudio Gay had surveyed only from botanical aspects of the
common
some of the
Copiapo more contemporary botanists to
to Chiloe. The Philippis published
than 560 encountered in interpreting the Philip-
articles on the natural history of Chile difficulties
sources of further
109 work and indicate useful
(R. A. 453
Philippi: ca. articles; Federico: ca. pis'
common problems remain
The most
articles) in a variety of Chilean and European jour- information.
specimens and the
on
documentation their
nals, mostly and German. These sparse
in Latin, Spanish,
collaboration, to the point that
very close
articles cover notably by no means exclusively) Philippis'
(but
handwriting
years even their individual
paleontology, avifauna, entomology, exploration, in later
became to distinguish.
anthropology, mammals, mol- difficult
minerals, marine
luscs, plants, and general observations of their nu-
merous
The R. A.
field trips. Philippis, particularly
A Sketch
Biographical
Philippi, were highly regarded by their colleagues.
most
have been published,
Of biographies
was Detailed
their various fields of interest, botany
docu-
but
on one or the other Philippi
foremost for both men. R. A. Philippi was prolific focussing
w by necessity (Barros-
of both
both the field and the herbarium, and ultimately menting the lives
Gunckel,
1904, 1910;
1904; Gotschlich,
described 3720 new from Chile Arana,
species of plants
We comments and additional
anonymous reviewers for
and
' thank Donna Ford, Northeast Missouri State University,
. and
generous help
Concepc.on, for
'"formation. Special thanks are due to Clodomiro Marticorena, Universidad de
photographs.
the
constructive Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, for
criticism, and Oscar Leon,
2 63166-0299, U.S.A.
Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri
1 Secci6n 787, Santiago, Chile.
Botanica, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Casilla
743-748. 1994.
Ann Gard. 81:
Missouri Bot.
744 Annals of the
Garden
Missouri Botanical
We
1939; Munoz-Shick, 1991). present here a retiring father's teaching duties, and in 1889 be-
brief outline of both lives, with an emphasis on came head of the newly established Seccion Bo-
Museo
tanica of the Nacional. In 1883, Federico
botanical activities.
R. A. Philippi was born just outside Berlin, and also succeeded his father in the directorship of the
studied natural history in institutions in Switzerland Jardin Botanico, and in 1897 he resigned from
and He eventually obtained a medical de- both the Seccion Botanica and the Jardin Botanico
Berlin.
gree but did not practice. He traveled widely in to succeed his father as director of the Museo
Europe as a young man, notably in Italy. Federico Nacional. Following Federico's return from Eu-
was born during his father's last stay in Naples rope, father and son lived together in Santiago,
(reportedly during an eruption of Vesuvius; Gotsch- eventually on the grounds of the Jardin Botanico,
lich, 1910). R. A. Philippi eventually settled into and worked closely together.
a teaching position in the newly established Poly-
technic School in Kassel, where he spent 16 years.
Collecting Expeditions
He numerous from
published articles there, par-
ticularly on paleontology, molluscs, and the geology Both Philippis were active field workers through-
He
of southern Italy. was widely known in the out their lives, even though both suffered health
contemporary scientific community, and his works problems. R. A. Philippi visited Italy principally to
were recognized with medals from German and improve weak constitution; this apparently
his
Italian rulers. However, he eventually found him- worked, for he was 82 years old when he undertook
self on the inconvenient side of a political upheaval his walking trip from Concepcion to Arauco. As a
in the duchy of Hesse, and left Kassel (precipitously child Federico contracted meningitis, and he re-
and late on a cold December night; Barros-Arana, mained crippled by malformed legs and feet for
1904). His brother was then organizing German
the rest of his life.
colonization in southern Chile, and at his urging Their principal expeditions and collecting efforts
He A names
R. A. Philippi visited Chile. arrived in Valpa- are outlined in Table detailed list of the
1
.
and
raiso in late 1851, in the midst of a civil war, and and precise locations, including latitude lon-
made his way south to the German colony near gitude, of the Philippis' collecting localities has been
He made
Valdivia. one exploring expedition inland presented previously by Mufioz-Pizarro (i960),
&
in 1852, and then together with his brother ac- Muiioz-Schick (1973), and Mufioz-Schick Prina
quired the Fundo ("Estate") San Juan along the (1987). The impact of the Philippis' dis-
scientific
Rio Bueno. Gunckel (19oVJ.
coveries has been discussed by
gov-
Federico arrived in Chile in late 1853 with the Some were undertaken by order of the
trips
rest of the family and his father's library. The ernment; for these a report was usually published
family embarked in response to the father's deci- by a government agency, in addition to the ac-
some was no
sion to stay time in Chile, and the news of counts sent to contemporary journals. It
his appointments in 1853 as director of the Museo unusual for the Philippis to publish an account of
and to
Nacional de Historia Natural and as professor at the same trip in several different journals
ma
e
the University of Chile. Here he taught natural collaborate on the written accounts of trips
history and wrote a textbook
that presented ideas by one of them.
many new annd
of evolution. But it was his exploring and collecting These trips brought discovery of
that developed the Museo Nacional into an active unusual phenomena. R. A. Philippi's 1852 trip
oite
museum some
research center. This was produced
established in around Osorno in the south
853
1 830 by Claudio Gay, who deposited the collections first maps of that region. His expedition in 1
that formed when sCient
its basis he left Chile in 1842. 1854 to the Atacama desert was the first
/^
In 1876 R. A. Philippi moved the collections to exploring trip to that region, and he descn
de-
their present site in the Quinta Normal de encountered in
Agri- presciently the difficulties later
*
meta
cultura, where the Jardin Botanico was precious
later es- veloping as well as lack of
its
it
Costa
tablished. In his 1 864 trip through the Cordillera de la
Cop
R. A. Philippi lived in Santiago most of the year, near Valdivia, Federico Philippi visited the
range
visiting his family near Valdivia two months mountain
for in dillera Pelada, where he found a
"
the summer and using much ot s a
of this time for field covered with a forest composed of millions
«
studies. Federico remained cupressoi
with the family on the ing, long-dead alerce trees (Fitzroya
San Juan "
estate until his first wife's death in 1871, (Molina) Johnst., Cupressaceae), and also relict
when w* re
he traveled Europe *
to to study botany and communities
pockets of Magellanic plant
He
zoology. returned 1874 from their
in to take over his disjunct by hundreds of kilometers
Number 4 &
Volume 81 Taylor Munoz-Schick 745
,
Works
1994 Botanical of Philippi
Table 1. Principal travels of Rodulfo Amando Phi Table 1. Continued
lippi and Federico Philippi in Chile. Precise locality in
formation for most collecting sites can be found in Munoz Dates Travels
&
Pizarro (1960), Munoz-Schick (1973), and Mufioz Pri
na (1987).
1878 (early) F. Philippi; Termas de Chilian
[VIII Region]
Dates Travels
1878 R. A. Philippi; Coquimbo Prov-
1852 R. A. Philippi; Rio Bueno south ince [IV Region]; Matanzas
of Valdivia, Volcan Osorno, and Cahuil in Colchagua Prov-
Lago Llanquihue, Volcan Cal- ince [VI Region]
buco [X Region] 1879 Descabezado
(early) F. Philippi; (head-
1853 (Nov.)- 1854 R. A. Philippi; by boat from Val- waters) of Rio Maule [VII Re-
(Feb.) paraiso to Coquimbo, by land gion]
to Copiapo, Atacama, Taltal 1879 (early) R. A. Philippi; Tome, Quinquina,
(Atacama Desert) [V to II Salto del Laja [VIII Region]
Regions] 1880
(Jan.) F. Philippi; east-central Chiloe,
1854-1856 &
R. A. F. Philippi; various sites including Cucao and Ancud [X
around Santiago and the adja- Region]
cent Cordillera de los Andes 1880 R. A. Philippi; Isla Quinquina
[Metropolitan Region] (for fossils) [VIII Region]
1858 (Dec.) R. A. Philippi; Colonias del Sur 1882 R. A. Philippi; Santa Rosa de
[X Region] Los Andes, Jahuel [V Region]
1859(Jan.-Mar.) R. A. Philippi; Colonias del Sur 1883 (Jan.) F. Philippi; Fray Jorge, mouth of
[X Region] Rio Limari, Banos del Toro
1860
R. A. Philippi; Catemu [V Re- [IV Region]
gion], Laguna Ranco [X Re- 1883 (Mar.) R. A. Philippi; Lebu, Arauco,
gion] Coronel [VIII Region]
I860 &
(Jan.) R. A. F. Philippi; Fundo San 1883 (Oct.) R. A. Philippi; Curauma [V Re-
Juan to La Union, Daglipulli gion]
and adjacent Cordillera de los 1884 F. Philippi; Valparaiso area in-
Andes, Lago Ranco [X Re- cluding Concon and mouth of
Rio Aconcagua [V Region]
gion]
860 &
1 (late) R. A. F. Philippi, Quebrada 1884 R. A. Philippi; Valdivia, San
de San Ramon [Metropolitan Juan [X Region]
Rahmer
Region] 1885 (Jan.-Mar.) F. Philippi, Carlos (Sub-
1862
R. A. Nuevo Volcan de director and Preparator of the
Philippi;
Museo Nacional), Pablo Orte-
Chilian [VIII Region]
1863 Museo
R. A. Nuevo Volcan ga (Dissector of the
Philippi;
and Banos de Chilian [VIII Nacional), Otto Philippi
Region] (grandson of R. A. Philippi
1864
R. A. Philippi; Juan Fernandez and medical student); Valpa-
Islands [V Region], Guayacan raiso to Caldera by boat, to
Copiapo by overland
(Coquimbo) [IV Region] train,
1864
(Oct.) San Juan de Cun- from Puerta de Paipote to An-
F. Philippi; los
cos, Cordillera de la Costa, tofagasta de la Sierra, into Ar-
(Munoz-
gentinian territory
Hueicolla, Cordillera Pelada
&
San
Schick Prina, 1987),
[X Region]
1867 Pedro de Atacama, Laguna de
R. A. Cauquenes [VII
Philippi;
Huasco, and Oasis de Pica
Region]
1875
Regions]
R. A. Philippi; Ventisquero [III to I
Cipreses [VI Region] 1885 (Sept.) F. Philippi; Valparaiso to Caldera
1875
by boat, then overland along
F. Philippi; Laguna de Budi, De-
Huasco Region]
sembocadura (mouth) of Rio coast to [III
1885 R. A. Philippi; Lebu, Arauco,
Tolten [IX Region]
1877
Coronel, Renaico [VIII Re-
R. A. Philippi; San Juan [X Re-
gion]
gion]
1877
& San Juan [X Re-
1886 R. A. Philippi;
R. A. F. Philippi; Arauco,
de gion]
Malleco, Cautin, Cordillera
Algarrobo [Metro-
Nahuelbuta, Tres Piedras 1887 (Apr.) R. A. Philippi;
Region]
politan
[VIII to IX Regions]
746 Annals of the
Garden
Missouri Botanical
Table 1. Continued. Philippis by others, notably Pearce, Volckmann,
Solis de Ovando, Diaz, Landbeck, Fonck, Geisse,
Dates Travels
Borchers, Germain, and King, were
Juliet, also
in-
SGO
corporated into the collection (Munoz-Schick,
1887 (Nov.) R. A. Philippi; Araucania [IX
1991). All of these other collectors are
identified
Region
1888 on the sheets except Fonck, whose handwriting
(Jan.) R. A. Philippi; Alfalfal [Metropol- is
itan Region] distinctive (Fig. 1). There are duplicates of many
1889 R. A. Philippi; Bafios Colina collections, due to the ample material that was
[Metropolitan Region] collected and Federico's maintenance of a personal
1890
R. A. Philippi; Concepcion to herbarium at home. This personal collection con-
Arauco [VIII Region]
tained duplicates of specimens deposited in the
1891
R. A. Philippi; Victoria, Los An-
Museo Nacional. was acquired by the Museo
It
geles, Curanilahue, Arauco,
Nacional in 1911, after Federico's death; some of
X
Valdivia [VIII to Regions]
these specimens can be distinguished by their print-
1891
(Oct.) R. A. Philippi; Quilpue [V Re-
ed labels with black border and the legend "Her-
gion]
1892 R. A. Philippi; Bafios Chilian barium Friderici Philippi" (Fig. 2; Munoz-Schick,
Many
1973: specimens were
[VIII Region] duplicate also
fig. 2).
1893
(Sept.) F. Philippi, Filiberto Germain distributed to other herbaria through gifts and ex-
(Head, Seccion Entomologia, change. This distribution had no particular system,
Museo
Nacional); Fray Jorge
and R. A. Philippi was noted for his enthusiasm
[IV Region]
and scientific generosity. Duplicate Philippi spec-
1893
R. A. Philippi; Concepcion, Cura-
imens from Chile are reported today to be found
nilahue [VIII Region]
BM
MA,
at BA, BAF, F, FI, G, K, L, LE, LZ, P,
1894
F. Philippi; Yerbas Buenas, Ca- W
&
SI, and (Stafleu Cowan, 1983), and are also
Matanzas
huil, [VI Region]
CORD
found
1896 (Mar.) R. A. Philippi; Constitucion [VII at (Taylor, pers. obs.).
have
Region] Samples of both Philippis' handwriting
1896-1908
commentary (Mu-
F. Philippi; various trips to Valdi- been presented previously with
via, Fundo San Juan, Cautin, fioz-Schick, 1973: figs. 1, 2) and are shown in
X
Constitucion [VII to Figure Their handwriting was similar, and be-
2.
Regions]
came more so as they aged. Although the collector
particularly
of the specimen frequently not noted,
is
museum
on material originally deposited in the s
ural" range in the south. The
Philippis' joint trip
1877 collection, can usually be determined by refer-
in to the Cordillera de Nahuelbuta it
explored
ence to the year and locality (Table 1).
territory recently wrested from
the control of the
Botanica
Mapuche The subsequent head of the Seccion
("Araucano")
Indians, and
Federico's
was who prepared a revised
1884 Carlos (Karl) Reiche,
trip northward surveyed
territory recently
Flora de Chile (1894-191 Reiche was familiar
acquired during the war with Peru and 1).
Bolivia.
commentary
with the specimens, and his
Federico noted Philippis'
first several unusual plant com-
How-
work lectotypes.
munities, including an in this is useful for selecting
isolated southern
population
now the
in
some
of Araucaria araucana ever, of Federico's collections
(Molina) K. Koch
(Ar-
de-
Museo Reiche s
Nacional were purchased after
aucariaceae)
just north of the mouth
of the Rio
by him.
Tolten and parture from Chile and were not seen
a relict Valdivian
forest north of San-
annotation
tiago at Fray Jorge, Reiche's handwriting is distinctive; his
in the semiarid The
region.
"R"
consists usually of a single (Fig. 3).
Philippis' extensive botanical
collecting and knowl-
Philippis
The by the
edge enabled them types of species described
to recognize
these unusual
plant
was
This
distributions and provided much are today housed in a separate collection.
the basis for of
specimens
when
our current knowledge established by Munoz-Pizarro the
of the Chilean
flora.
tna
process
in the herbarium were mounted, a
(Munoz-Piza r'
The began 1942 and continues today
Philippis' Specimens in
some-
types
ro, 1960). Identification of Philippi is
Most of the many
Philippis' Chilean on
material, including data
times difficult because of the sparse
types, deposited Museo
is in the Nacional de His- specimens, the occasional inclusion of several c
toria Natural in Santiago (SGO). wnic
This material was lections on one sheet with no indication of
variously
collected and annotated ana
by one
or both plant was accompanied by which label,
Philippis.
Collections of Chilean plants sent to the frequent more than one specimen in
citation of
Number 4 Taylor & Munoz-Schick 747
Volume 81
,
Works
1994 Botanical of Philippi
>/
.
s *r*
Ke-
^
A &
*-
** S*
*
J-
• n7*/ etc C€*4tz ar*7*A*&<. * f'lnA
/
?
L4^<*/£ts&
>
,
HEKBARIO DEL MUSEO NACIONAL DE
MUSEO NACIONAL DE
IIISTORIA NATURAL, CHILE. IIERBARIO DKI.
1USTUK1A NATURAL, CHILE.
Material montado bajo los ausiricios de la Oficina del Coordinador dt
M
Asuntos Intera/nericanos, Ministcrio de Agricultura y titerial montado bajo los avspicios dt Ja Oficina del Coordinador de
CompaAla Manufacturera de Papeles y Cariones Asuntos In craiucrt anas, M\ dt Agricultura y
Manufacturer* dtPn y Cariones
CrmfiaiHa s
by
Figure Handwriting samples: Collection data
1.
Fonck (top portion) with annotation by R. A. Philippi FIGURE Handwriting sample: Label by Karl Reiche
3.
(bottom
portion).
ma-
concentrated on organizing the
totypes, but
work by
specialists.
*--fAnn£&4Ls£*-*4jb4f+tA (A* terial to facilitate
.
The types of 323 species described by the Phi-
M-
remain unlocated (Mufioz-Schick, 1973).
lippis
**£rZr
(far»M+ Cj^C&fPrlf^m tjLf
. However, SGO houses unmounted, unexam-
still
mostly duplicate Philippi material in its
ined,
may
X mounting backlog, and these yet be discov-
#**
&l
4L„-£Zp..
• Photographic negatives of both SGO's type
ered.
material and historical collections of Chilean plants
European herbaria are avail-
several
deposited in
SGO
on loan from for study and duplication;
able
must be
the cost of photographic prints, if desired,
1963).
(Mufioz-Pizarro,
borne by investigators
The Publications
Philippis'
by
works published the
Several bibliographies of
Chile have been pre-
arrival in
Philippis after their
works (Mostny,
including the collected
sented,
works (Mar-
botanical
1980) and the principally
HERBARIO DEL MUSEO NACIONAL DE
The number of articles they pub-
1992).
HISTORIA NATURAL, ticorena,
CHILE.
particular
was multiplied by their habit, in
lished
Figure 2. Handwriting samples. From top to bottom: same material
the
of publishing
R. A. Philippi's,
annotation by Federico Philippi, label by R. A. Philippi,
purpose was apparently not
more than once. Their
and
label from Federico Philippics personal collection with
but rather to
of publications,
enlarge their
his handwriting. to list
audience and
work wider
disseminate their to a
journals by providing arti-
original species description. The known syntypes also to help struggling
m
SGO
the have been cataloged along cles.
collection
We
publications with
with focus here on the Philippis'
publication references, collection locality(ies),
SGO probably a slight
and accession numbers by Mufioz-Pizarro respect to the flora of Chile,
and certainly
(1%0), majority of the works of R. A. Philippi
with additions by Mufioz-Schick (1973).
Neither most of the publications of Federico. Their publi-
of these authors attempted to select lec-
748 Annals of the
Garden
Missouri Botanical
cations can generally be divided into travel ac- termining the original publication date, and
site,
counts, written by one or more frequently both pagination of these articles.
Common
Philippis, and descriptions of new species, written nomenclatural problems seen in treat-
almost exclusively by R. A. Philippi. ments of Philippi names are the inadvertent cre-
R. A. Philippi's descriptions of new species were ation of nomina nuda by later authors, who adopt-
published principally in several series, although he ed names that were distributed on specimens but
On
did not limit himself to these. a very few oc- were not published; incorrect citation of publication
casions he published a new species more than once, page number, based on the reprint rather than the
in different journals. The first of a series of new original publication; and the incorrect citation of
species was presented in sections in the German names attributed to R. A. Philippi but effectively
journal Linnaea between 1857 and 1865. In these published by later authors, most commonly Reiche.
new
accounts, written in Latin, the species are
grouped by and numbered
families consecutively.
Literature Cited
There a preface with the section, and the
is first
Amando
Barros-Arana, D. 1904. El Doctor Rodulfo
other sections continue as in one publication. These
Su Vida Sus Obras. Imprenta Cervantes,
Philippi.
i
species are usually based on specimens collected
Santiago, Chile.
by the Philippis. In some cases a set of consecutive Gay,C 1845-1854. Historia Fisica y Politica de Chile.
species may be based on specimens from one Botanica [Flora chilena]. Paris, 8 vols., 1 atlas.
col-
Aman-
GOTSCHLICH, B. 1904. Biografia del Dr. Rodulfo
lecting trip, but this varies also.
Lam-
do (1808-1904). Imprenta Central
Philippi J.
Subsequently, R. A. Philippi published more new
pert, Valdivia.
species in articles in various journals, predomi- 1910. Vida obras de Don Federico Philippi.
i
.
39-80.
nantly Chilean ones. Several of these reported on Bol. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. 1(1):
GUNCKEL, H. 1939. La labor botanica de Don Federico
expeditions by Federico and also other collectors,
13-36.
Revista Univ. (Santiago) 24(1):
Philippi.
whom many Two
for species were named. notable
Marticorena, C. 1992. Bibliografia Taxonomica de las
new
series of species were published in the Anales Plantas Vasculares de Chile. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Mis-
de Universidad de
la Chile, with descriptions in souri Bot. Gard. 41.
Museo Na-
Latin and Spanish. The first series was published Mostny, G. (editor). 1 980. Biobibliografia,
1830-1980. Ministers
1870-1873 tional de Historia Natural
in and described more than 500 new
Ar-
de Education Publica, Direction de Bibliotecas,
The
species. second, "Plantas nuevas
chilenas,"
Nat-
chivos Museos, Museo Nacional de Historia
y
was published 1892-1896. The
in species in both ural, Santiago, Chile.
series were presented following the order used by MuftOZ-PlZARRO, C. 1960. Las Especies de Plantas
XIX. Ediciones
Gay (1845-1854), Descritas por R. A. Philippi en el Siglo
which
generally follows the
sys-
de la Universidad de Chile, Santiago.
tem of de CandouVs Prodromus. From 1889
on,
documentacion
1963. Fototipos, una valiosa
.
the descriptions were prepared by both Ocas.
Philippis. Publ.
en de plantas.
cientifica el estudio las
The
publication of the second series is detailed by Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. 4: 1-18.
& "Las Ls-
Cowan Complemento de
Stafleu MUNOZ-SCHICK, M. 1973.
(1983); all of the series are de-
en el
tailed by Marticorena (1992). pecies de Plantas Descritas por R. A. Philippi
5-69.
128:
Siglo XIX." Anal. Univ. Chile, ser. 3,
was common
It during the Philippis' time to Botanica del
1991. 100 anos de Section
la
.
issue, in addition to the regular (1889-1989)
edition of a journal, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural
numerous 181-202.
reprints ("separatas") of individual Bol. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Chile 42:
ar-
& sobre
Nota aclaratona
ticles; each had own A. O. Prina. 1987.
its pagination, which was
often
e
en su viaj
especies colectadas por Federico Philippi
from
different the original article. In some cases, Nat.
Mensual Mus. Nac. Hist.
a Tarapaca. Noticiario
may
the title also have been changed
These
slightly.
2-17.
Chile 313:
reprints are commonly encountered plantarum vascuto
in libraries, Philippi, F. 1881. Catalogus I|X
.
Univ-
particularly in Chile, as separate and chilensium adhuc descriptarum. Anal.
articles
in
vw,
separately,
bound volumes 59: 49-422. [Also published
of the works of a particular author. i-viii,
We 378
recommend pp.]
consultation
of Mufioz-Pizarro Taxonomic
&
Cowan. 1983.
Stafleu,
F. A. R. S.
(1960) and
Marticorena Hague.
(1992) an W. The
as aid to de- Literature, Vol. IV: P-Sak. Junk,