ALSO BY DAN BUETTNER: The Blue Zones: Lessons for Living Longer From the People Who’ve Lived the Longest Thrive: Finding Happiness the Blue Zones Way Published by the National Geographic Society 1145 17th Street N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036 Copyright © 2015 Dan Buettner. All rights reserved. Reproduction of the whole or any part of the contents without written permission from the publisher is prohibited. Grateful acknowledgment is made for permission to reprint “Giant Beans in Tomato Sauce” from The Mediterranean Slow Cooker by Michele Scicolone. Copyright © 2013 by Michele Scicolone. Reprinted by permission of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Buettner, Dan. The Blue Zones solution : eating and living like the world’s healthiest people / Dan Buettner. pages cm ISBN 978-1-4262-1192-8 (hardcover : alk. paper) eBook ISBN: 978-1-42621193-5 1. Diet. 2. Nutrition. 3. Health. 4. Functional foods. I. Title. RA784.B75 2015 613.2–dc23 2014044932 The National Geographic Society is one of the world’s largest nonprofit scientific and educational organizations. Its mission is to inspire people to care about the planet. Founded in 1888, the Society is member supported and offers a community for members to get closer to explorers, connect with other members, and help make a difference. The Society reaches more than 450 million people worldwide each month through National Geographic and other magazines; National Geographic Channel; television documentaries; music; radio; films; books; DVDs; maps; exhibitions; live events; school publishing programs; interactive media; and merchandise. National Geographic has funded more than 10,000 scientific research, conservation, and exploration projects and supports an education program promoting geographic literacy. For more information, visit www.nationalgeographic.com. National Geographic Society 1145 17th Street N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036-4688 U.S.A. For rights or permissions inquiries, please contact National Geographic Books Subsidiary Rights: For brothers Steve, Nick, and Tony—my best friends and partners in exploration. A MESSAGE TO THE READER This publication contains the opinions and ideas of its author. It is intended to provide helpful and informative material on the subjects addressed in the publication. It is sold with the understanding that the authors and publisher are not engaged in rendering medical, health, or any other kind of personal professional services in the book. The reader should consult his or her medical, health, or other competent professional before adopting any of the suggestions in this book or drawing inferences from it. The authors and publisher specifically disclaim all responsibility for any liability, loss, or risk, personal or otherwise, which is incurred as a consequence, directly or indirectly, of the use and application of any of the contents in this book. CONTENTS Cover Other Books by This Author Title Page Copyright Dedication A Message to the Reader Foreword by Dean Ornish, M.D. Introduction: Discovering the Blue Zones Solution PART ONE Discovering the Blue Zones The Secrets of a Mediterranean Diet: Ikaria, Greece A Diet From the World’s Longest-Lived Women: Okinawa, Japan A Diet From the World’s Longest-Lived Men: Sardinia, Italy An American Blue Zones Diet: Loma Linda, California History’s Best Longevity Diet: Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica PART TWO Making an American Blue Zone Finland’s Miracle Makeover The Minnesota Experiment Thriving in the Beach Cities Blue Zoning the Pork State PART THREE Building Your Own Blue Zone Food Rituals: How to Eat to 100 Blue Zones Menus: Meals and Snacks Blue Zones Living: A Design for Easy Health PART FOUR Blue Zones Recipes 77 Easy, Delicious Recipes The Science Behind the Blue Zones Solution Acknowledgments Selected Bibliography FOREWORD S A JOURNALIST AND HEALTH ACTIVIST, Dan Buettner has redefined what it means to be a National Geographic Fellow, investigating Aextraordinary places around the world—called Blue Zones— where people live long, healthy lives. In this new book, The Blue Zones Solution, Dan describes in detail how we can incorporate the life-extending diets and habits of these people into our own lives. Based on his extensive reporting and exhaustive research by his team of experts, Dan has teased out the key factors that have enabled Blue Zones residents to enjoy long, healthy lives. In a sense, he’s reverse-engineered a solution to better health and longevity so that we, too, can live long and well. Of course, it’s not just how long we live, it’s also how well we live. People in Blue Zones cultures not only live longer lives, they often live better lives, with health, meaning, and love—dying young as old as possible. For the past several years, Dan has launched a major public health initiative to transform American cities based on principles from this book—establishing Blue Zones right here in the United States. Part of what he’s learned is that you’re more likely to make healthier choices when it’s easier to do so. In this book, he shows you how. His findings echo the research that my colleagues and I have conducted for almost four decades. As we’ve also learned, the most powerful determinants of our health and well-being are the lifestyle choices we make each day: