The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation - e PDF
Preview The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation - e
The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation An Easy-to-Use Guide with Clear Rules, Real-World Examples, and Reproducible Quizzes Tenth Edition Jane Straus The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation An Easy-to-Use Guide with Clear Rules, Real-World Examples, and Reproducible Quizzes Tenth Edition Jane Straus Copyright2008byJaneStraus.Allrightsreserved. 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ISBN:978–0–470–22268–3 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica TENTHEDITION PBPrinting 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Acknowledgments xiii AbouttheAuthor xv ForewordbyMignonFogarty(GrammarGirl) xvii Introduction xix 1 Grammar 1 FindingSubjectsandVerbs 1 Findingverbs Usingverbstofindsubjects Youasanunderstoodsubject Multiplesubjectsandverbsinasentence SubjectandVerbAgreement 2 Singularvs.pluralverbs Withorandnor Witheitherandneither Withconjunctionssuchasandandbut Withinterruptingexpressions Withpronounsassubjectssuchaseach,everyone,andanybody Withportionssuchaspercent,fraction,part,some,all,andnone Withhereandthere Withsumsofmoney Withwho,that,andwhich Withcollectivenouns Pronouns 6 SubjectCase(Nominative):I,you,he,she,it,we,they iii iv TheBlueBookofGrammarandPunctuation ObjectCase(Objective):me,you,him,her,it,us,them Correctuseofpronounsbyfindingclauses Followingthanoras Possessivecase:mine,yours,his,hers,ours,theirs,its Itsvs.it’s Usingpossessivecasewithgerunds Reflexives:theselfpronouns Whovs.Whom 8 Whoevervs.Whomever 8 Thatvs.Which 9 AdjectivesandAdverbs 10 Adjectivesmodifyingnounsandpronouns Adverbsmodifyingverbs,adjectives,andadverbs:Answeringhow,when,orwhere Whentoadd-ly Senseverbs:taste,smell,look,andfeel Goodvs.well Comparisonssuchas–ervs.–estandmorevs.most This,that,these,andthose Thanvs.then ProblemswithPrepositions 13 Endingasentencewithapreposition Avoidingextraprepositions Withdates Ofvs.have Betweenvs.among Invs.into Likevs.as EffectiveWriting 14 Concretevs.vaguelanguage Activevs.passivevoice Clumsyconstructionsuchasthereisoritwas Doublenegatives Similargrammaticalform Misplacedanddanglingmodifiers Fragments 2 ConfusingWordsandHomonyms 16 Advicevs.advice Affectvs.effect Contents v Layvs.lie Theirvs.therevs.they’re Hundredsmoreconfusingwordsandhomonyms 3 Punctuation 52 SpacingwithPunctuation 52 Periods 52 Withcompletesentences Withindirectquestions Withabbreviationsattheendofasentence EllipsisMarks 53 Withomittedwordsorsentences Spacing Commas 54 Toseparatethreeormoreitems Toseparateadjectives Withnames Withdates Withcityandstate Withdegreesandtitles Tosetoffinterruptingexpressions Withweakandstrongclauses Afterphrases Withnonessentialdescriptions Withconjunctions Toavoidconfusion Commasplice Run-onsentence Tointroducequotedmaterial Toseparatestatementsfromquestions Toseparatecontrastingpartsofasentence Withintroductorywordssuchaswellandyes Withinterrupterssuchashoweverandtherefore Withintroductorywordssuchasnamely,thatis,forexample, e.g.,andi.e. whentheyarefollowedbyaseriesofitems Semicolons 57 Tojointwosentenceswithoutaconjunction Withintroductorywordssuchasnamely,thatis,forexample,e.g., andi.e.whentheyintroduceacompletesentence Toavoidconfusionwherecommasalreadyexist vi TheBlueBookofGrammarandPunctuation Withsentencesthathavemultipleclauses Colons 58 Toattachliststosentences Spacing Withtabularformatting Withlongquotations Afterthesalutationinabusinessletter QuestionMarks 60 ExclamationPoints 61 QuotationMarks 61 Placementwithperiods,commas,questionmarks,andsemicolons Useofsinglequotationmarks Useofsic Parentheses 62 Forclarification Forasides Toenclosenumbers Withcompletesentences Apostrophes 63 Contractions Possession Singularpossession Pluralpossession Withnamesendingins Withcompoundnounssuchasmother-in-law’s Toshowjointpossession Withpossessivepronounssuchashis,hers,andours Toshowpluralsofnumbers,letters,andabbreviations Withgerunds(-ingwords) Hyphens 65 Betweenwords Withcompoundverbs Withcompoundadjectives With-lywords Withcompoundadverbs Withcompoundnumbers Withprefixes Withdoublevowelssuchassemi-invalid Withdoubleeanddoubleosuchaspreemptiveandcoordinate Contents vii Withmixedvowelssuchasproactive Withvowelsandconsonantssuchasnoncompliance Withself,ex,andre HyphensBetweenWords HyphenswithPrefixes Dashes 68 EnDash EmDash 4 Capitalization 70 Beginningasentenceorquotedsentence Propernouns Titles Governmentofficials Pointsofthecompass Titlesofpublications Withstate,federal,andothergovernmentbodies Withseasons Withsalutations WithwordsderivedfrompropernounssuchasEnglish 5 WritingNumbers 73 Usingfiguresvs.spellingout Mixedquantitieswithinthesamesentence Fractions Largenumbers Decimals Dates Time Compoundnumbers 6 Quizzes 76 GrammarPretest 76 FindingSubjectsandVerbs—Quiz1 78 FindingSubjectsandVerbs—Quiz2 78 SubjectandVerbAgreement—Quiz1 79 SubjectandVerbAgreement—Quiz2 80 Pronouns—Quiz1 81 Pronouns—Quiz2 81 Who,Whom,Whoever,Whomever—Quiz1 82 Who,Whom,Whoever,Whomever—Quiz2 83 Who,Whom,That,Which—Quiz1 84 viii TheBlueBookofGrammarandPunctuation Who,Whom,That,Which—Quiz2 84 AdjectivesandAdverbs—Quiz1 85 AdjectivesandAdverbs—Quiz2 86 ProblemswithPrepositions—Quiz1 87 ProblemswithPrepositions—Quiz2 87 Affectvs.Effect—Quiz1 88 Affectvs.Effect—Quiz2 88 Layvs.Lie—Quiz1 89 Layvs.Lie—Quiz2 90 Advicevs.Advise—Quiz1 90 Advicevs.Advise—Quiz2 91 Theirvs.Therevs.They’re—Quiz1 91 Theirvs.Therevs.They’re—Quiz2 92 MoreConfusingWordsandHomonyms—Quiz1 92 MoreConfusingWordsandHomonyms—Quiz2 93 MoreConfusingWordsandHomonyms—Quiz3 94 EffectiveWriting—Quiz1 95 EffectiveWriting—Quiz2 97 GrammarMasteryTest 98 Punctuation,Capitalization,andWritingNumbersPretest 100 Commas—Quiz1 102 Commas—Quiz2 102 SemicolonsandColons—Quiz1 103 SemicolonsandColons—Quiz2 104 QuestionMarks,QuotationMarks,andParentheses—Quiz1 105 QuestionMarks,QuotationMarks,andParentheses—Quiz2 106 Apostrophes—Quiz1 106 Apostrophes—Quiz2 107 HyphensBetweenWords—Quiz1 107 HyphensBetweenWords—Quiz2 108 Hyphenswith-lyWords—Quiz1 108 Hyphenswith-lyWords—Quiz2 109 HyphenswithPrefixes—Quiz1 109 HyphenswithPrefixes—Quiz2 110 Hyphenswithre-Words—Quiz1 110 Hyphenswithre-Words—Quiz2 111 Capitalization—Quiz1 111 Capitalization—Quiz2 112 WritingNumbers—Quiz1 112
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