The Black middle class : social mobility--and vulnerability PDF
Preview The Black middle class : social mobility--and vulnerability
00_Bowswer_FM.qxd 10/23/06 8:45 AM Page i The Black Middle Class 00_Bowswer_FM.qxd 10/23/06 8:45 AM Page ii 00_Bowswer_FM.qxd 10/23/06 8:45 AM Page iii The Black Middle Class Social Mobility— and Vulnerability Benjamin P. Bowser boulder london 00_Bowswer_FM.qxd 10/23/06 8:45 AM Page iv Published in the United States of America in 2007 by Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc. 1800 30th Street, Boulder,Colorado 80301 www.rienner.com and in the United Kingdom by Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc. 3Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London WC2E 8LU ©2007 by Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved LibraryofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bowser,Benjamin P. The Black middle class : social mobility—and vulnerability / Benjamin P. Bowser. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-1-58826-455-8 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. African Americans—Social conditions—1975– 2. African Americans—Economic conditions. 3. Middle class—United States. 4. Social classes—United States. 5. Social mobility—United States. 6. United States—Social conditions—1980– 7. United States—Economic conditions—1945– 8. United States—Race relations. I. Title. E185.86.B643 2006 305.5'508996073—dc22 2006015765 British Cataloguing in Publication Data ACataloguing in Publication record for this book is available from the British Library. Printed and bound in the United States of America The paper used in this publication meets the requirements ∞∞ of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48-1992. 5 4 3 2 1 00_Bowswer_FM.qxd 10/23/06 8:45 AM Page v Contents List of Tables and Figures vii 1 Introduction 1 2 Putting Class in Context 13 3 The Emergence of a Black Middle Class 27 4 The Class That Jim Crow Built 45 5 Comparability . . . Not 71 6 From Affirmative Action to Diversity 101 7 Anatomy of Today’s Black Middle Class 127 8 The Future of Race, Economic Inequality,and Class 151 Appendix 167 Bibliography 169 Index 183 About the Book 191 v 00_Bowswer_FM.qxd 10/23/06 8:45 AM Page vi 00_Bowswer_FM.qxd 10/30/06 12:10 PM Page vii Tables and Figures Tables 5.1 Number and Percentage of Black and White Employed Workers 14 Years and Over Who Did White-Collar Work and Their Ratio, 1910–1970 72 6.1 Number and Percentage of Black and White Employed Workers 16 Years and Over Who Did White-Collar Work and Their Ratio, 1970–2000 103 6.2 Black and White Average Income by Quartile, 1972–2000 118 6.3 Race, “Middle Class,” Families, Work, and Wealth, 1984 119 Figures 4.1 The System of Social Classes in Bronzeville 63 4.2 Black and White Classes Compared 66 5.1 Relationships Among Factors Influencing SES, Black and White Respondents 97 6.1 College Enrollment by Race, 1955–2002 114 6.2 Percentage, by Race, to Complete Four or More Years of College, 1974–2001 115 6.3 Mean Earnings of Bachelor’s Degree Holders by Race and Year 116 6.4 Mean Earnings of Advanced Degree Holders by Race and Year 117 7.1 Revised Black Social Class Hierarchy, 2005 136 vii 00_Bowswer_FM.qxd 10/23/06 8:45 AM Page viii
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