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The Birth of Modern Mexico, 1780–1824 PDF

273 Pages·2007·11.994 MB·English
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Preview The Birth of Modern Mexico, 1780–1824

0/ Jbe 2Jirlb MODERN M E X I ( O EDITED BY (HRISTON I. AR(HER 0/ 7£e 23.irf£ MODERN MEXI(O 17aO-la24 ATIN AMERICAN SILHOUETTES Series Editors: William H. Beezley and Judith Ewell Recellt Titles ill the Series The Birth ofM odern Mexico. 1780-1824 Edited by Christon I. Archer s Recollections ofM exico: The Last Ten Months of Maximilian Empire By Samuel M. Basch, Edited and Translated by Fred D. Ullman Plutareo Elias Calles and the Mexican Revolution By Jiirgen Buchenau The U.S.-Mexican Border into the Twenty-first Century By Paul Ganster and David E. Lorey Revolution in Mexico~' Heartlami: Politics, Uill; and State Buildillg in PUebla, 1913-1920 By David G. LaFrance Addicted to Failure: U.S. Security Policy in Latin America and the Andean Region Edited by Brian Loveman The mUllell~' Revolution in Mexico. 1910-1953 Edited by Stephanie E. Mitchell and Patience A. Schell Gringolandicl: Mexican Identity and Perceptions oft he United States By Stephen D. Morris Brazil in the Making: Facets ofN ational Identity Edited by Carmen Nava and Ludwig Lauerhass, Jr. Artjfilcts ofR evolution: Architecture, Society, and Politics in Mexico Cit)', 1920-1940 By Patrice Elizabeth Olsen The Divine Charter: Constitutionalism and Liberalism in Nineteenth-Century Mexico Edited by Jaime E. Rodriguez O. Francisco Solano Lopez and the Ruination of Paraguay: Honor and Egocentrism By James Schofield Saeger Integral Outsiders: TheAmerican Colony in Mexico City, J876-1911 By William Schell Jr. Hacienda and Market in Eighteenth-Century Mexico: The Rural Economy oft he Guadalajara Region, 1675-1820 By Eric Van Young Wlgrants and Citizens: Politics and the Masses in Me.xico City from Colony to Republic By Richard A. Warren On the Border: Society and Culture between the United States and Mexico Edited by Andrew Grant Wood State Terrorism in Latin America: Chile, Argentina, and International Human Rights By Thomas C. Wright For a complete listing of series titles, visit www.rowmanlittlefield.com. 0/ 7he 231rlh M O D E R N M E X I ( O 1700--1024 EDITED BY (HRISTON I. AR(HER ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC. Lanham· Boulder· New York· Toronto· Plymouth. UK ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC. Published in the United States of America by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 www.rowmanlittlefield.com Estover Road, Plymouth PL6 7PY, United Kingdom Copyright © 2003 by Scholarly Resources Inc. First paperback edition 2007 by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. The Scholarly Resources edition of this book was previously cataloged by the Library of Congress as follows: The birth of modern Mexico, 1780-1824/ edited by Christon I. Archer p. cm. - (Latin American silhouettes: studies in history and culture) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Mexico-History-19th century. 2. Mexico-History-Wars of Independence, 1810-1821. 3. Social conftict-Mexico-History-19th century. I. Archer, Christon 1., 1940-II. Latin American silhouettes. F1232.B622003 972' .03-dc21 2002155239 ISBN-13: 978-0-7425-5602-7 (pbk.: alk. paper) ISBN-I0: 0-7425-5602-6 (pbk. : alk. paper) Printed in the United States of America @T>, The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSIINISO Z39.48-1992. To Carol Contents Foreword, ix CHRISTON l. ARCHER, Introduction, 1 ERIC V AN YOUNG, In the Gloomy Caverns of Paganism: Popular Culture, Insurgency, and Nation-Building in Mexico, 1800-1821,41 2 HUGH M. HAMILL, An "Absurd Insurrection"?: Creole Insecurity, Pro-Spanish Propaganda, and the Hidalgo Revolt, 67 3 VIRGINIA GUEDEA, The Conspiracies of 1811: How the Criollos Learned to Organize in Secret, 85 4 JOHN E. KICZA, A Mercantile Family Confronts War and Insurrec tion: The Iturbe e Iraetas in the Era of Mexican Independence, 107 5 CHRISTON I. ARCHER, Years of Decision: Felix Calleja and the Strategy to End the Revolution of New Spain, 125 6 ANNE STAPLES, Mexican Mining and Independence: The Saga of Enticing Opportunities, 151 7 PAUL 1. VANDERWOOD, The Millennium and Mexican Independence: Some Interpretations, 165 8 TIMOTHY E. ANNA, Agustin de Iturbide and the Process of Consensus, 187 9 JAIME E. RODRIGUEZ 0., The Struggle for Dominance: The Legislature versus the Executive in Early Mexico, 205 Bibliography, 229 About the Contributors, 245 Index, 247 Foreword This study is dedicated to the memory of Professors Stanley R. Ross (1921-1985) and Nettie L. Benson (1905-1993) ofthe University ofT exas, who taught, influenced, or were colleagues of the contributors. Both of these scholars made outstanding contributions to Mexican Studies in the United States and throughout the Hemisphere. I first met Stan Ross in 1966 when I became a graduate student at the State University of New York at Stony Brook. When I arrived at Stony Brook, Stan Ross was well known and respected for his study of Francisco I. Madero and for his other work on the Mexican Revolution. He was dean of the College of Arts and Sciences (1963-1968), active in major scholarly foundations, and a political force to be reckoned with on campus and in the historical profession. Stan wanted me to work on the Mexican Revolution, but he remained a pillar of support when I turned my research focus to the epoch of the eighteenth-century Bourbon reforms. During the 1960s, generous policies toward the state universities un der Governor Nelson Rockefeller made the new Stony Brook campus a stimulating place. Graduate students enjoyed unparalleled access to their supervisors and professors that often was the envy of those at more estab lished institutions. If there were weaknesses in library holdings and re search facilities, the State University made every effort to buy books and to find other solutions. Although it sounds incredible today after a period of budget retrenchment and cuts at public universities, lowly graduate student researchers were able to sign out official state cars (full-size black Plymouths with the Seal of New York emblazoned on the doors) for trips to the New York Public Library, Columbia University, and other research centers. If professors wanted to go along, they got to drive and to set the itinerary. When Stan Ross was in charge, we literally flew over the Long Island Expressway while he regaled the passengers with stories about re search in Mexico. One that I recall concerned the archive of Venustiano Carranza in Mexico City that was stored in a series of wooden coffins. When Stan was permitted to open one, exposing a motherlode of docu ments, the archivist slammed it shut until a full inventory could be accomplished. At a time that I considered most inopportune, Stan moved to the Uni versity of Texas at Austin. However, I was not orphaned, as I had feared, since Stan with David Trask joined forces as joint supervisors to propel ix

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