The Biology of Wetas, King Crickets and their Allies PDF
Preview The Biology of Wetas, King Crickets and their Allies
The Biology of Wetas, King Crickets and Their Allies The Biology of Wetas, King Crickets and Their Allies Edited by L.H. Field Department of Zoology University of Canterbury New Zealand CABI !"#$%&’%() CABIPublishingis a division ofCABInternational CABI Publishing CABI Publishing CAB International 10 E 40th Street Wallingford Suite 3203 Oxon OX10 8DE New York, NY 10016 UK USA Tel: +44 (0)1491 832111 Tel: +1 212 481 7018 Fax: +44 (0)1491 833508 Fax: +1 212 686 7993 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Web site: http://www.cabi.org © CAB International 2001. All rights reserved. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission ofthe copyright owners. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK. A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library ofCongress, Washington DC, USA ISBN 0 85199 408 3 Typeset by Columns Design Limited, Reading Printed and bound in the UK by Biddles Ltd, Guildford and King’s Lynn Contents Contributors ix Foreword xi David C.F. Rentz Preface xiii Introduction xv Laurence H. Field I Systematics and Biogeography 1 The Higher Classification, Phylogeny and Evolution ofthe Superfamily Stenopelmatoidea 3 Andrej V. Gorochov 2 Habitats and Biogeography ofNew Zealand’s Deinacridine and Tusked Weta Species 35 George W. Gibbs 3 North and Central America Jerusalem Crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae): Taxonomy, Distribution, Life Cycle, Ecology and Related Biology ofthe American Species 57 David B. Weissman 4 South African King Crickets (Anostostomatidae) 73 Rob B. Toms 5 Australian King Crickets: Distribution, Habitats and Biology (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae) 79 Geoffrey B. Monteith and Laurence H. Field v vi Contents 6 The Gryllacrididae: An Overview ofthe World Fauna with Emphasis on Australian Examples 95 Roderick J. Hale and David C.F. Rentz 7 The Evolutionary History ofTree Weta: A Genetic Approach 111 Mary Morgan-Richards, Tania King and Steve Trewick II Morphology and Anatomy 8 Morphology and Anatomy ofNew Zealand Wetas 127 Barry O’Brien and Laurence H. Field 9 Morphometric Analysis ofHemideinaspp. in New Zealand 163 Laurence H. Field and Robert S. Bigelow 10 Sexual Selection and Secondary Sexual Characters ofWetas and King Crickets 179 Laurence H. Field and Neil A. Deans 11 Anatomy, Development and Behaviour ofthe Chilean Red Cricket, Cratomelus armatusBl. 205 Andrés O. Angulo III Ecology 12 The Ecology ofSome Large Weta Species in New Zealand 225 Mary McIntyre 13 The Gallery-related Ecology ofNew Zealand Tree Wetas, Hemideina femorataand Hemideina crassidens(Orthoptera, Anostostomatidae) 243 Laurence H. Field and Graham R. Sandlant 14 Parasites ofAnostostomatid Insects 259 David A. Wharton, Robert Poulin and Claudine L. Tyrrell IV Behaviour 15 Stridulatory Mechanisms and Associated Behaviour in New Zealand Wetas 271 Laurence H. Field 16 Defence Behaviour 297 Laurence H. Field and Stephen Glasgow 17 Mating Behaviour 317 Laurence H. Field and Thomas H. Jarman 18 Aggression Behaviour in New Zealand Tree Wetas 333 Laurence H. Field Contents vii 19 Communication and Reproductive Behaviour in North American Jerusalem Crickets (Stenopelmatus) (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae) 351 David B. Weissman Appendix 19.A: Effect ofTemperature on Drumming Rates ofJerusalem Crickets (Stenopelmatus: Stenopelmatidae: Orthoptera) 374 Thomas J. WalkerandDavid B. Weissman V Reproduction and Development 20 The Reproductive Biology and the Eggs ofNew Zealand Anostostomatidae 379 Ian A.N. Stringer 21 Postembryonic Development and Related Changes 399 Ian A.N. Stringer and Paul R.L. Cary VI Physiology 22 Sensory Physiology 429 Laurence H. Field 23 Neuromuscular Physiology and Motor Control 459 Laurence H. Field 24 Circadian Rhythms in Tree Wetas, Hemideina thoracica 491 Robert D. Lewis and Anna York 25 Haemolymph Physiology 509 Doug Neufeld and John Leader VII Conservation ofEndangered Species 26 Conservation ofThreatened Species ofWeta (Orthoptera: Anastostomatidae) in New Zealand 521 Greg Sherley Index 529 Contributors Andrés O. Angulo, Departamento de Zoologia, Facultad Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 4040, Correo 3, Concepción, Chile. email: [email protected] Robert S. Bigelow (deceased),Formerly of: Department ofZoology, University ofCanterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand Paul R.L. Cary, Ecology Group, Institute of Natural Resources, Massey University, PO Box 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand Neil A. Deans, Fish and Game Council, Nelson, New Zealand. email: [email protected] Laurence H. Field, Department ofZoology, University ofCanterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand. email: [email protected] George W. Gibbs, School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University, Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand. email: [email protected] Stephen Glasgow, Department ofZoology, University ofCanterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand. email: [email protected] Andrej V. Gorochov, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. email: [email protected] Roderick J. Hale, Department of Zoology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6907, Australia. email: [email protected] Thomas H. Jarman, Department of Zoology, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand. email: [email protected] Tania King, Zoology Department, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand. Present address: School ofBiology, University ofLeeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. John Leader, Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin 913, New Zealand. email: [email protected] Robert D. Lewis, School ofBiological Sciences, University ofAuckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand. email: [email protected] Mary McIntyre, School of Biological Sciences and Island Biology Research Programme, Victoria University, Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand. email: [email protected] Geoffrey B. Monteith, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia. email: [email protected] Mary Morgan-Richards, Zoology Department, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand. email: [email protected] Doug Neufeld, Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin 913, New Zealand. email: [email protected] ix
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