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The Biology of Acinetobacter : Taxonomy, Clinical Importance, Molecular Biology, Physiology, Industrial Relevance PDF

450 Pages·1991·22.09 MB·English
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The Biology of A cineto bacter Taxonomy, Clinical Importance, Molecular Biology, Physiology, Industrial Relevance FEDERATION OF EUROPEAN MICROBIOLOGICAL SOCIETIES SYMPOSIUM SERIES Recent FEMS Symposium volumes published by Plenum Press 1990 • MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF MEMBRANE-BOUND COMPLEXES IN PHOTOTROPHIC BACTERIA Edited by Gerhart Drews and Edwin A. Dawes (FEMS Symposium No. 53) 1990 • MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY OF STRICT ANAEROBES INVOLVED IN INTERSPECIES HYDROGEN TRANSFER Edited by Jean-Pierre Belaich, Mireille Bruschi, and Jean-Louis Garcia (FEMS Symposium No. 54) 1990 • DENITRIFICATION IN SOIL AND SEDIMENT Edited by Niels Peter Revsbech andJan ScDrensen (FEMS Symposium No. 56) 1991 • CANDIDA AND CANDIDAMYCOSIS Edited by Emel Tiimbay, Heinz P. R. Seeliger, and Ozdem Ang (FEMS Symposium No. 50) 1991 • MICROBIAL SURFACE COMPONENTS AND TOXINS IN RELATION TO PATHOGENESIS Edited by Eliora Z. Ron and Shlomo Rottem (FEMS Symposium No. 51) 1991 • GENETICS AND PRODUCT FORMATION IN STREPTOMYCES Edited by Simon Baumberg, Hans Kriigel, and Dieter Noack (FEMS Symposium No. 55) 1991 • THE BIOLOGY OFACINETOBACTER: Taxonomy, Clinical Importance, Molecular Biology, Physiology, Industrial Relevance Edited by K.J. Towner, E. Bergogne-Berezin, and C. A. Fewson (FEMS Symposium No. 57) A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actuaI'shipment. For further informa- tion please contact the publisher. The Biology of Acinetobacter Taxonomy, Clinical Importance, Molecular Biology, Physiology, Industrial Relevance Edited by K.}. Towner Department of Microbiology and PHLS Laboratory University Hospital Nottingham, United Kingdom E. Bergogne-Berezin Departement de Microbiologie, CHU Bichat Paris , France and C. A. Fewson Department of Biochemistry University of Glasgow Glasgow, United Kingdom Springer Science+Business Media, LLC Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data The Biology of Acinetobacter: Taxonomy, Clinical Impottance, Molecular Biology, Physiology, Industrial Relevance / edited by K. J. Towner, E. Bergogne-Bérézin, and C. A. Fewson. p. cm. — (FEMS symposium; no. 57) Based on the proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Acinetobacter held under the auspices of the Federation of European Microbiological Societies, on Sept. 6-7, 1990 in Paris, France. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4899-3555-7 1. Acinetobacter —Congresses. I. Towner, K.J. II. Bergogne-Bérézin, E. III. Fewson, C. A. IV Federation of European Microbiological Societies. V. International Workshop on Acinetobacter (2nd: 1990: Paris, France) VI. Series. QR82.N4B56 1991 91-12826 589.9'5-dc2O CIP Based on the proceedings of a symposium held under the auspices of the Federation of European Microbiological Societies, on September 6-7, 1990, in Paris, France ISBN 978-1-4899-3555-7 ISBN 978-1-4899-3553-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4899-3553-3 ©1 991S pringer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1991 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1991 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher PREFACE The 1st International Workshop on Acinetobacter was held on 6th September, 1986, in Manchester, England, in association with the 14th International Congress of Microbiology. That occasion was so well attended and productive that there were soon discussions about how, when and where the next meeting should be held. This time, however, there was sufficient confidence to think of a more substantial meeting and to plan for the proceedings to be published. It emerged that there was wide agreement that the time was ripe to take stock of the entire biology of Acinetobacter: its occurrence and taxonomy; its molecular biology, biochemistry and physiology; its clinical importance and its industrial and commercial applications. The 2nd International Workshop on Acinetobacter took place from 6th to 7th September, 1990, at the Institut Pasteur, Paris, and was sponsored by the Federation of European Microbiological Societies. There were about 100 participants from 19 countries. The backbone of the meeting consisted of 23 plenary lectures. There were 28 posters and the meeting closed with a general discussion which went on long after the official finishing time despite all the counter-attractions of a sunny Parisian Friday afternoon. Indeed discussions continued while cruising along the Seine and while dining at the top of the Tour Montparnasse. However, the vitality and usefulness of even the most successful meeting is difficult to transmit by the printed word. The editors decided, therefore, not simply to publish the proceedings of the Workshop, but rather to commission a set of review articles with the aim of giving an up-to-date and rounded picture of our current knowledge of the genus Acinetobacter. These reviews, together with a number of articles that expand on research talks presented at the Workshop, form this book, the timely production of which owes much to the expert assistance of Linda Bowering, Gerry Holmes and Gillian Johnston, to whom the editors express their grateful thanks. In addition to sponsorship by the Federation of European Microbiological Societies, the Workshop was supported by financial contributions from Beecham, Boots, Bristol-Meyers, Glaxo, ICI, Lilly, Merck Sharpe & Dohme, Pharmuka, Roussel and Unilever, to all of whom the organisers and participants are greatly indebted. K.J. Towner E. Bergogne-Berezin C.A. Fewson v CONTENTS Acinetobacter: Portrait of a Genus 1 K.J.Towner, E.Bergogne-Ben!zin, and C.A.Fewson Taxonomy of Acinetobacter 25 P.A.D.Grimont and P.J.M.Bouvet Typing of Acinetobacter 37 P.J.M.Bouvet Hospital Epidemiology of Acinetobacter Infection 53 W.C.Noble Epidemiology of Acinetobacter Strains Isolated from Nosocomial Infections in France 63 M.L.J oly-Guillou, E.Bergogne-Berezin, and J.F. Vieu Molecular Epidemiological Analysis of Nosocomial Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates 69 J.Vila, M.A.Canales, M.A.Marcos, R.Gomez-Lus, and M.T.Jimenez de Anta Factors Influencing the Virulence of Acinetobacter 77 J.-L.Avril and R.Mesnard Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms in Acinetobacter 83 E.Bergogne-Berezin and M.L.J oly-Guillou The Chromosomal B-Lactamases of the Genus Acinetobacter: Enzymes which Challenge Our Imagination 117 J.Hood and S.G.B.Amyes The Use of Molecular Techniques for the Location and Characterisation of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter 133 B.G.Elisha and L.M.Steyn vii Plasmid and Transposon Behaviour in Acinetobacter K.J.Towner 149 Plasmid Stability and the Expression and Regulation of a Marker Gene in Acinetobacter and Other Gram-negative Hosts C.Winstanley, J.A.W.Morgan, J.R.Saunders, 169 and R.W.Pickup Random Insertional Mutagenesis in Acinetobacter B.Vosman, R.Kok, and H.J.Hellingwerf 183 Genetic Organisation of Acinetobacter A.Vivian 191 Evolution of Genes for the B-Ketoadipate Pathway in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus L.N.Ornston and E.L.Neidle 201 Organisation, Potential Regulatory Elements and Evolution of Trp Genes in Acinetobacter G.Haspel, V.Kishan, and W.Hillen 239 Codon Usage in Acinetobacter Structural Genes P.J.White, I.S.Hunter, and C.A.Fewson 251 The Outer Membrane of Acinetobacter: Structure- Function Relationships P.Borneleit and H.-P.Kleber 259 Energy Reserves in Acinetobacter L.M.Fixter and M.K.Sherwani 273 Energy Generation and the Glucose Dehydrogenase Pathway in Acinetobacter J.A.Duine 295 Acinetobacter - Citric Acid Cyclist with a Difference P.D.J.Weitzman 313 Metabolism of Alkanes by Acinetobacter O.Asperger and H.-P.Kleber 323 Metabolism of Aromatic Compounds by Acinetobacter C.A.Fewson 351 Metabolism of Cyclohexane and Related Alicyclic Compounds by Acinetobacter P.W.Trudgill 391 viii Metabolism of Trimethylammonium Compounds by Acinetobacter 403 H.-P.Kleber Applications of Acinetobacter as an Industrial Microorganism 411 D.L.Gutnick, R.AHon, C.Levy, R.Petter, and W.Minas Index 443 ix ACINETOBACTER: PORTRAIT OF A GENUS K.J.Towneru, E.Bergogne-Berezinba nd C.A.Fewson' 'Department of Microbiology & PHLS Laboratory University Hospital Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK bLaboratoire de Microbiologie CHU Bichat 75877 Paris Cedex 18, France 'Department of Biochemistry University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK INTRODUCTION The genus Acinetobacter originally proposed by Brisou and Prevot (1954) comprised a heterogenous collection of non-motile Gram-negative organisms which could be distinguished from other similar organisms by their lack of pigmentation (Ingram and Shewan, 1960). Now classified in the family N eisseriaceae, the present generic description (Juni, 1984) allows unambiguous identification of strains to the genus level. A difficulty arises in that many current members of the genus have been classified previously under a variety of different names (reviewed by Henriksen, 1973), and much of the early literature concerning this group of organisms is, therefore, difficult to interpret owing to confusion over nomenclature and the lack of a widely-accepted classification scheme. Delineation of species within the genus is still the subject of much research. The latest developments are described in detail elsewhere (Grimont and Bouvet, this volume), but the reader should bear in mind that many of the Acinetobacter strains described in this volume still occupy a somewhat nebulous taxonomic position within the genus. Why the interest in this genus? Acinetobacters are ubiquitous organisms in the environment and have formed the subject of several

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