The Big Back Book Tips and Tricks for Therapists Jane Johnson, MSc Chartered Physiotherapist Health and Care Professions Council Chartered Society of Physiotherapy United Kingdom 907 illustrations Thieme Stuttgart • New York • Delhi • Rio de Janeiro Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Important note: Medicine is an ever-changing sci- is available from the publisher. ence undergoing continual development. Research and clinical experience are continually expanding Section opener images: Reproduced with our knowledge, in particular our knowledge of prop- permission from Gilroy & MacPherson, Atlas of er treatment and drug therapy. Insofar as this book Anatomy, 3rd edition, © 2016, Thieme Publishers, mentions any dosage or application, readers may rest New York, New York. Illustrators: Markus Voll and assured that the authors, editors, and publishers have Karl Wesker. made every effort to ensure that such references are in accordance with the state of knowledge at the time of production of the book. Nevertheless, this does not involve, imply, or express any guarantee or responsibility on the part of the publishers in respect to any dosage instruc- tions and forms of applications stated in the book. Every user is requested to examine carefully the manufacturers’ leaflets accompanying each drug and to check, if necessary in consultation with a physi- cian or specialist, whether the dosage schedules men- tioned therein or the contraindications stated by the manufacturers differ from the statements made in the present book. Such examination is particularly important with drugs that are either rarely used or have been newly released on the market. 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Therefore, the appearance of a name without designation as proprietary is not to be Thieme Publishers Delhi construed as a representation by the publisher that A-12, Second Floor, Sector-2, Noida-201301 it is in the public domain. Uttar Pradesh, India +91 120 45 566 00, [email protected] Thieme Publishers Rio, Thieme Publicações Ltda. Edifício Rodolpho de Paoli, 25º andar Av. Nilo Peçanha, 50 – Sala 2508 Rio de Janeiro 20020-906, Brasil +55 21 3172 2297 / +55 21 3172 1896 Cover design: Thieme Publishing Group This book, including all parts thereof, is legally Typesetting by Thomson Digital, India protected by copyright. Any use, exploitation, or commercialization outside the narrow limits set Printed in Italy by LEGO S.p.A 5 4 3 2 1 by copyright legislation without the publisher’s consent is illegal and liable to prosecution. This ISBN 978-3-13-204821-8 applies in particular to photostat reproduction, copying, mimeographing or duplication of any kind, Also available as an e-book: translating, preparation of microfilms, and electron- eISBN 978-3-13-204831-7 ic data processing and storage. To all of the students and fellow therapists whose comments over the years have contributed to my knowledge of assessment and treatment techniques. Also, to the patients from whom honest feedback has proved invaluable. Contents Preface viii Acknowledgments ix Section I: Cervical Spine 1 Chapter 1: Neck Assessment 3 Chapter 2: Neck Treatment 53 Chapter 3: Neck Aftercare 113 Section II: Thoracic Spine 143 Chapter 4: Thoracic Assessment 145 Chapter 5: Thoracic Treatment 217 Chapter 6: Thoracic Aftercare 289 Section III: Lumbar Spine 319 Chapter 7: Lumbar Assessment 321 Chapter 8: Lumbar Treatment 363 Chapter 9: Lumbar Aftercare 393 References 449 Index 455 vii Preface This book came about following the delivery, book is partly dedicated to those parti- over many years, of a series of workshops on cipants. Many times over the course of the specific topics of neck and back assess- delivering the workshops, I was asked ques- ment and treatment. The workshops focused tions to which I had no answer, and this on a simple premise: to share tips that I had fired my own enthusiasm for investigation. picked up over many years working as a phy- The more questions I was asked, and the sical therapist and massage therapist. The more I experimented, the less I felt I knew. workshops tended to attract therapists who I continued to keep copious notes. What lacked confidence or who felt that they had was apparent was that the participating not received comprehensive training in the therapists each had different and often con- area of assessment and treatment, yet who trasting responses to which techniques they themselves attracted patients for whom preferred and found helpful. This is why you such treatment was required. The work- will discover that suggestions throughout shops also attracted therapists who were The Big Back Book are just that—suggestions. frustrated at not achieving what they felt I have deliberately avoided being prescrip- were good results for their clients and who tive with regard to methods of assessment thirsted to seek answers regarding different and treatment. techniques. Perhaps it was because some of Although I had made a tentative foray into the therapists in attendance felt they lacked self-publishing and produced The Neck and knowledge, or because some were motivated The Thorax, I was delighted when Thieme to vary their approach, that these workshops Medical Publishers agreed to buy these generated much discussion and debate, and titles from me and to combine them with sharing of ideas. I began keeping notes for The L umbar Spine to create the book you the purposes of introducing new ideas into have here. the workshops and generating further dis- I continue to feel that there is much to cussion. I formed the idea for writing three learn myself about these topics. Neverthe- separate books containing tips and tricks less, this book is based on the questions I was for therapists: The Neck, The Thorax, and The able to answer during those workshops and Lumbar Spine. is offered to you as a collection of examples During the workshops, participants were of those methods that have worked well for invited to give and receive different as- me over the years. It is a book I wish I had sessment and treatment techniques, the had early on in my career. facilitation of which hugely informed my own practice. This is the reason why the Jane Johnson viii Acknowledgments I would like to thank Lee Lawrence for for- I would also like to thank Angelika F indgott matting my manuscript and illustrations of Thieme Medical Publishers for her imme- and for massive contribution to the images diate enthusiastic response to this book, and in this book, for addressing many editorial to the team at Thieme for believi ng, like me, amendments, and for liaising with the pub- that therapists will benefit from the dis- lishers on my behalf regarding technical semination of this information. elements of the book. Thank you Jair Herculano for producing numerous line drawings so quickly and on schedule. ix