The Biblical Archaeologist - Vol.47, N.4

68 Pages·1984·21.4 MB·English

by  American Schools of Oriental Research

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A Publication of the American Schools of OrientalR esearch Volume4 7 Number 4 December 1984
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Publicatiofronm s the AmericanS chools
of Oriental
Research:
Essential Guides
to the Ancient
Near East
CourtesHy arvarSde mitiMc useum
Since its foundingi n 1900, the American Schools of OrientalR esearchh as
pioneeredN orth American and internationalr esearchp rojectsi nto the fasci-
nating worldo f the ancient Near East. ASOR publicationsr epresentt he highest
standardsi n disseminatingt he resultso f this researcht o the non-specialista nd
the scholar.T he followings amplingo f ASOR publicationsi s of interestt o
all generall ibrariesa s well as specializedc ollections in religion,a rchaeologyo, r
the Near East.
American Archaeology in the
Mideast:A History of the
American Schools of Oriental "Lucidlayn ds killfullyw ritten.... a fine choicef or
anyp ublico r academicli brary."
Research by PhilipJ . King
-Magazinesf orL ibrarie4st, h ed.
Thise ngagingb ookt racest he long-
standingA mericanin teresti n exploring
the worldo f the Bible.W hilef ocusing Biblical Archaeologist
primariloyn Americane xcavationas nd The leadingi llustratedm agazinoe n the
surveysD, r.K ingp resentsa greatd ealo f entirew orldo f the ancientN earE ast.S ince
informatioonn othern ationalr esearch it begani n 1938,B Ah aso fferedit s readers
effortsa sw ella s the intellectuacl urrents reliabilitayn dr eadabilityP.u blishedq uarterly,
whichh aves hapeda rchaeologicarle search it reviewns ot onlyw hath asb eenf ound,b ut
in the NearE ast. whatt hesed iscoveriecso ntributeto ouru nder-
"Ther eaderis leftw ith the cumulative standingo f the worldo f the ancientN earE ast.
impressioonf a remarkabplei eceo f histor- See insertf ors ubscriptioinn formation.
icalw riting.... King'bs ookw ill provet o
be a valuablea dditiont o the libraryo f Fors ubscriptiontos BiblicaAl rchaeologist,
archaeology." sendo rdert o: ASORS ubscriptioSne rvices,
-Theology Today 4243 SpruceS treet,P hiladelphiaP, A1 9104
ISBN0 -89757-508-3 cloth$ 15.00
The BiblicalA rchaeologistR eader, The BiblicalA rchaeologistR eader, Bibliographyo f Holy Land Sites
Vols. 1 and 2 Vol. 4, ed. by EdwardE CampbellJ, r. Thise xtremelyu sefulw orkl istsa ll signifi-
This highlyr egardesde rieso ffersr eprints andD avidN oel Freedman canta rchaeologicaplu blicationosn sites
of seminals tudiesw hichf irsta ppearedin The latesti ssuei n thiss eriesc ollectst he in the Levanta ndT ransjordaTnh. e bib-
BiblicaAl rchaeologfirsto m1 938-1963. mosts ignificanat rticlesw hicha ppeared liographoyr iginallya ppearedin 1971a nd
A wided iversityo f topicsa rer epresented in BAb etween1 969-1975.T he selections hasn owb eenf ullyb roughut p to datew ith
fromt he worldo f the OldT estament includeg eneracl onsiderationosf the aims the publicationof Part2 . Publishejdo intly
patriarchtso the sociale nvironmenot f of BiblicaAl rchaeologyA, rchaeologya nd with the HebrewU nionC ollege.
earlyC hristianity. the CommonL ife,A rchaeologya ndt he Part1 EleanorK .V ogelc, omp.
Vol.1 ed. byG . ErnestW righat nd ReligiousL ife,a ndt he contributionosf ISBN0 -87820-626-4 paper$ 5.00
DavidN oel Freedman archaeologtyo a greateru nderstandinogf Part2 (1970-1981)E leanorK . Vogela nd
ISBN0 -89757-501-6 paper$ 6.00 the backgrountdo the NewT estament. BrookHs oltzclawc,o mps.
Vol.2 ed. byD avidN oel Freedmaann d Publishedjo intlyw itht he AlmondP ress. ISBN0 -87820-625-6 paper$ 5.00
EdwarEd CampbellJ, r.
ISBN0 -907459-34-X cloth$ 24.95
ISBN0 -89757-502-4 paper$ 6.00
ISBN0 -907459-35-8 paper$ 9.95
Too rderA SORb ookso r form orei nformatioonn ASORp ublicationsw, rite:E isenbraunPs,. O.B.2 75, WinonaL ake,I N 46590
BibliaAl rchaeolgis
t
A Publicationo f the American Schools of OrientalR esearch Volume4 7 Number 4 December 1984
Page 206 Page 224 Page 240
197 ASOR at 85 224 Noah and the Flood in Jewish, 246 Biblical Archaeologist Update
PhilipJ .K ing Christian, and Muslim Zimri-Lim
AlSsitgc uphhdaotysso ittln pshg roe te foh sOriedg rheaiiennsntti ooztaafr lytt Rhi ooeefn s At'ehs8am e5r e acyrhneih acciiargesnnh o t-f ATJanrc aekmPd iiLtnieeownnti s s cholar surveyst he JTUasacinkkMg e is.n tSfhoaerssm Goanrt iaonnf dro Imbu firft een just-
Near East and eastern Mediterranean. diverse responses to the story of the translatedt exts, this article adds to
flood found in the three majorr eli- the description given in our June 1984
206 Gezer Revisited:N ew gions of the Middle East. issue of the last king to occupy the
famous palace at Mari.
Excavationso f the Solomonic 240 The Museum
Trail
and Assyrian PeriodD efenses The Petrie Museum of 253 A Note on Artistic
William G. Dever EgyptianA rchaeology, Representationosf the
TGheez etre nen-ydeeadr ei nx c1a9v7a3t.i Ionn p 1r9o8j4e tchtae t University College London SecondT empleo f Jerusalem
excavatorsr eturnedf or another season BarbaraA dams Asher S. Kaufman
in ordert o settle a naggingc ontroversy This important collection, the core of The pictorial informationo n coins is
and to fill in some importantg aps in which is made up of artifactsf rom Sir often enigmatic and requirest he use
our knowledge of the site. FlindersP etrie'ss ixty-plusy ears of of relatedl iterarye vidence to be
archaeologicale ffort, coverst he full properlyi nterpreted.T his is especially
220 BA Portrait rangeo f Egypt'sc omplex history. true for the portrayalo f the Second
of Jerusalem.
Sir Flinders Petrie Temple
ValerieM . Fargo DEPARTMENTS
As a result of Petrie'sm onumental
work at the turn of the century,h e is 195 Introducingt he Authors
196 Fromt he Editor'Ds esk
recognizeda s having single-handedly
established Near Easterna rchaeology 255 Book Reviews
as a scientific discipline.
Biblical Archaeologist is published with the financial assistance of
the Endowment for Biblical Research, Boston (formerlyZ ion Research Foundation),
a nonsectarian foundation for the study of the Bible and the history of the Christian Church.
BIBLICALA RCHAEOLOGIST/DECEMBER19 84 193
Biblical
Archaeologist
Editor
Eric M. Meyers
Executive Editor
Martin Wilcox
Associate Editor
JamesW .F lanagan
Assistant Editor
KarenS . Hoglund
Book Review Editor
PeterB . Machinist
EditorialA ssistants
Melanie Arrowood Announcing the appearance of
Daniel M. Cohen
Sue Ann Curtis a new series, Excavations and
Art Director Surveys in Israel, the English
LindaH uff translation of Hadashot Arkh-
AdvertisingD irector
KennethG . Hoglund eologiyot, the Archaeological
EditorialC ommittee Newsletter of the Department
LloydR . Bailey of Antiquities and Museums.
Carole Fontaine
VolkmarF ritz
LawrenceT . Geraty This new series is published
David M. Gunn
A. T. Kraabel by the W.F. Albright Institute
BaruchA . Levine of Archaeological Research in
Carol L. Meyers cooperation with the Nelson
JackS asson
JohnW ilkinson Glueck School of Biblical Ar-
Biblical Archaeologist (ISSN 0006-0895) is chaeology, the Israel Depart-
published quarterly (March, June, September, ment of Antiquities and Muse-
December) by the American Schools of Oriental
Research (ASOR), a nonprofit, nonsectarian ums and the Israel Exploration
educational organization with administrative
offices at 4243 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA Society.
19104. Annual subscription rates are $16 for
individuals and $25 for institutions. There is a
special annual rate of $14 for students and retir- Each volume of this series pre-
ees. Current single issues are $5 ($4 for students
and retirees). Outside the U.S., U.S. possessions, sents an overview of archaeologi-
and Canada, add $2 for annual subscriptions and
$1 for single issues. Subscription orders and cor- cal activities in Israel -- large
respondence should be sent to ASOR Subscrip-
tion Services, P.O. Box 3000, Department BB, and small scale excavations, Excavations
Denville, NJ 07834. salvage work, surveys and other
Article proposals, manuscripts, and editorial
correspondence should be sent to the ASOR research - in a given year. and Surveys
Publications Office, P.O. Box H.M., Duke Sta-
tion, Durham, NC 27706. Unsolicited manu-
ssctarmipptse md uenstv beleo apcec. oFmopreaingine dc obnyt ari sbeulft-oardsd srheossueldd, Volume 1 is available for pur- in Israel 1982
furnish international reply coupons. chase in the United States from
Advertising correspondence should be addressed
to the ASOR Publications Office, P.O.B ox H.M., Eisenbrauns, P.O.B. 275, Wino-
Duke Station, Durham, NC 27706 (telephone: na Lake, Indiana 46590 at a Volume 1
919-684-3075).
Composition by Liberated Types, Ltd., Durham, cost of $9.00. In Israel, it can
NC. Printed by PBM Graphics Inc., Raleigh, NC.
Second-class postage paid at Philadelphia, PA be purchased from the Israel English Edition of
19104 and additional offices. Exploration Society, P.O.B. Hadashot Arkheologiyot
Postmaster: Send address changes to ASOR Sub- 7041, Jerusalem at a member's
scription Services, PO. Box 3000, Department Archaeological Newsletter of the
BB, Denville, NJ 07834. cost of $7.00. The volume is
COorpieynrtiaglh Rt e?s e1a9r8c4h .b y the American Schools of also available to visitors to the AnItsiqraueitl ieDse paanrdtm Menuts euofm s,
Albright Institute, at the Israel
Numbers 78-81
OF 0
Exploration Society's member's
LO) cT ? price. Jerusalem 1982
194 BIBLICALA RCHAEOLOGIST/DECEMBER19 84
BarbaraA dams
Jack P Lewis
ValerieM . Fargo
William G. Dever
Philip1 .K ing
the Authors
Asher S. Kaufman Introducing JackM . Sasson
Philip J. King is Professoro f Biblical Studies at Boston College. Noah and the Flood in Jewish and Christian Literature (Leiden:
A past president of the American Schools of Oriental Research, E. J. Brill, 1968; reprinted in 1978). He is also on the editorial
Dr. King has been actively engagedi n field archaeologyu nder boards of Restoration Quarterly and the Journal of Hebraic
ASOR auspices for over twenty years, and a recent book of his, Studies.
American Archaeology in the Mideast (Philadelphia: The
American Schools of Oriental Research, 1983), presents the BarbaraA dams is Curator of the Petrie Museum of Egyptian
history of ASOR.H is currentr esearchf ocuses on archaeology's Archaeologya t University College London.S he is the author of
contribution to the study of the prophets of the eighth century Ancient Hierakonpolis and Supplement (Warminster, England:
B.C.E. Aris & Phillips, 1974) and now excavates at the site with the
American team led by Dr. Michael A. Hoffman of the Univer-
William G. Dever is Vice Presidentf or ArchaeologicalP olicy of sity of South Carolina under the auspices of the American
the American Schools of Oriental Research.W ith a Ph.D. from ResearchC enter in Egypt.H er latest publication, with Richard
HarvardU niversity,h e has directeds everale xcavations,i nclud- Jaeschke, is Koptos Lions (Milwaukee: Milwaukee Public
ing the one at Gezer in 1966-1971 and 1984. He is presently Museum, 1984).
Professor of Near East Archaeology at the University of
Arizona, and he just completed a six-years tint as Editoro f the JackM . Sasson receivedh is Ph.D. from BrandeisU niversity.H e
Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. Among is Professoro f Religion at the University of North Carolina at
many other projects,D r. Dever is now at work on a popularb ook Chapel Hill and AdjunctP rofessoro f Religion at Duke Univer-
on Gezer. sity. Dr. Sasson has published widely, especially on Mari, and
among his writings is a commentary on the Book of Ruth
Valerie M. Fargor eceived her Ph.D. in Near EasternA rchaeol- published in 1979 by JohnsH opkins University Press.
ogy from the University of Chicago. She is Assistant to the
Director of the Oriental Institute at the University of Chicago, Asher S. Kaufmanw as educated at George Heriot's School in
and Project Director of the Joint Expedition to Tell el-Hesi in Edinburgh, Scotland. He received his Ph.D. from Edinburgh
Israel. University. Since 1959 he has been a faculty member of the
Hebrew University of Jerusalemi n the Department of Physics
Jack P. Lewis is Professor of Bible at the Harding Graduate (now the RacahI nstitute of Physics).H e has been interested for
School of Religion in Memphis, Tennessee. With Ph.D.s from many years in Temple research (precisel ocation and architec-
HarvardU niversity and from HebrewU nion College, Dr. Lewis tural form).
has authoredn umerous books, including The Interpretationo f
BIBLICALA RCHAEOLOGIST/DECEMBER19 84 195
Elizabeth B. Moynihan
From the Editor's Desk
The
foundingo f the AmericanS choolso f Ori- history,a time that most of us believe will be crucial to its
ental Researchi n 1900w as an expression of the continued success.
fascination that the ancient Near East held for ASORa t eighty-fivef aces increasingf inancial commit-
people in the United States. In the eighty-five ments in every aspect of its operation, and during the
years since then, which has witnessed ASOR's often upcoming yearM rs.M oynihanw ill be leading an effort to
pioneering work in what we now refer to as the Middle increase our endowment. This capital campaign will
East, that fascination has steadily grown, and so has our insure a solid base for current programs and should lay
organization. the groundwork for additional projects that have been
Today ASOR is an international organization, with identified as valuable but which current resources make
field projects,r esearchi nstitutes, numerous publications impossible to carry out.
(including Biblical Archaeologist), and both individual This issue of BA is playing a part in this effort with two
and institutional members. Its vitality has led to the important articles. The first, by Philip King, a past presi-
recent election, for the first time, of a chairman of the dent of ASOR, is an enlightening essay on the history of
boardo f trustees. Our governingb ody felt that ASOR had our organization, and the second, by William G. Dever,
become so dynamic and multifaceted that one of its our currentv ice president for archaeologicalp rojects,i s a
members, a "firsta mong equals,"s hould work virtually lively and captivating presentation of the fortification
on a day-to-dayb asis with its officers and staff. system at Gezer. These two papersm anifest ASOR'sp ast
Our first chairman is Mrs. Elizabeth B. Moynihan, and and present, and we ask your help as subscribers to BA
I am proud to introduce her here to the readerso f BA and and as friends and members of ASOR in promoting its
friends of ASOR.M rs.M oynihanb rings to this important future. Together,I think we will find it an exciting task.
role an extensive backgroundi n projectm anagement and
in architecturalh istory. Among her many activities, she
has managed the campaigns of her husband, New York
Senator Daniel P. Moynihan, and written the book Para-
dise as a Garden: The Gardens of Persian and Mogul
India (New York:B raziller,1 979).W ea ref ortunatei ndeed Eric M. Meyers
to have someone of her ability at this time in ASOR's Editor
196 BIBLICALA RCHAEOLOGIST/DECEMBER19 84
at
G. ErnestW righetx amining
potteryw itho ne of his area
supervisorast Shechem. by Philipj King
Foundedi n 1900 with 26 institutional members in the United States and one overseasi nstitute
in Jerusalem, the American Schools of Oriental Research has participated in most of the
important archaeological events in the Middle East during the past 85 years, including the
discovery and publication of the Dead Sea Scrolls and the work at Tell Beit Mirsim, Jerash,
Gezer, Tell el-Hesi, Meiron, and many other famous Holy Land sites. Its numerous publica-
tions, such as the annuals and monographs, the Bulletin of ASOR, the ASOR Newsletter, the
Journalo f Cuneiform Studies, and Biblical Archaeologist,h ave played an important role in dis-
seminating information on these discoveries to scholarly and general audiences alike. It has
also grown impressively as an organization during this time, presently consisting of 162
institutional members from throughoutt he world including universities, colleges, seminaries,
and museums; 3 research and educational institutes (The W Albright Institute of Archae-
F.
ological Researchi n Jerusalem;t he American Centero f Oriental Researchi n Amman, Jordan;
BIBLICALA RCHAEOLOGIST/DECEMBER19 84 197
and the CyprusA merican Archaeological Research Institute
in Nicosia, Cyprus); approximately 40 affiliated fieldwork
projects; several centers in the United States, including its
administrative office in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and its
publications office in Durham, North Carolina; and nearly
7,500 individual members. As ASOR enters its eighty-sixth
year, the officers, trustees, and members would like to invite
all those who are interested in the history of the ancient Near
East and eastern Mediterraneant o join them in a yearlongc ele-
brationo fASOR'sp ast and a look towardsi ts future.7 bk ick off
this celebration, I have asked Philip King, a past president of
the organization, to write about some of the highlights of
ASOR's work so far. It is a pleasure for me to present this
article, and I would urge anyone who is interested in learning
more about us to see ProfessorK ing'sb ook American Archae-
ology in the Mideast:A Historyo f the AmericanS choolso f
Oriental Research( WinonaL ake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns, 1983)
or to contact any of our members, officers, or institutions.
Eric M. Meyers
Editor
rchaeology has come a long way in the last
centuryA. t onet imei t hads eriousc ompeti-
tion from treasureh unting. Fori nstance there
was the clandestine operation by the English-
man Montague B. Parker whose scandalous activities
were summarized in The New YorkT imes headline of
May 7, 1911:" AM ysterious Expedition, Apparently Not
Composed of Archaeologists, Hunts Strange Treasure
Under the Mosque of Omar, Sets the Moslems in a
Ferment, and May Cause Diplomatic Incident."D eter-
mined to locate the treasureo f Solomon'sT emplea lleged-
ly buried beneath the Temple Mount, the notorious
Parkers paredn o means, including bribery,t o achieve his
objective. In conducting his treasureh unt Parkerc leared
the tunnels and shafts opened earlier by Charles Warren
in his own authentic exploration of undergroundJ eru-
salem. Parkerh oped those subterraneanp assages would
lead to the Temple treasure. Jews accused Parker of
desecrating the tombs of David and Solomon, while
Moslems charged him with profaning the sanctuary of
the Dome of the Rock.A t the same time scholars resident
in Jerusalem became suspicious. The New York Times
cited the misgivings of Richard Gottheil: "None of the
Sir FlindersP etriei n the garden of the school in Jerusalem( upper
party appeared to be archaeologists." The newspaper left), standing between Nelson Glueck on the left and P L. O. Guy,
report continued: "They [Parkera nd company] made such the excavatoro f Megiddo (upperr ight),a nd in the library of the
a mystery of what they did that nobody could follow their Jerusalems chool (above).T his seminal figure of modern archaeology
spent his last years at the ASOR school in Jerusalem,w here he died
work." The upshot of the aborted treasure hunt was that in 1942.
the so-called excavators barely escaped with their lives
and, needless to say, found nothing. Unfortunately his
misadventure has not deterred others in the same
pursuit.
The American Schools of Oriental Research, better
198 BIBLICALA RCHAEOLOGIST/DECEMBER19 84
Theo ldesto f ASOR'so verseas
institutest,h eA lbrightin
was in 1900
Jerusalem founded
and hasb ecomea n international
centerfo r scholarlyre search.
known by the acronymA SOR,c ame into being in 1900.I n
that year ASOR established its first overseasi nstitute in
Jerusalemt o promote scholarly researchi n the Near East
and thereby to counteract the treasure hunters. ASOR's
constitution stated:
The main objecto f said Schools hall be to enable
properlyq ualifiedp ersonst o prosecuteB iblical,
linguistic, archaeologicalh, istorical, and other
kindreds tudiesa ndr esearchesu nderm oref avor-
able conditionst han can be secureda t a distance
fromt he Holy Land.
Nineteenth-CenturAy mericansE xploret he Holy Land The buildings of the Jerusalems chool, which were constructedi n
Long before the establishment of ASOR'sJ erusalem 1925.
School a handfulo f Americansp articipatedin the re-
discoveryo f the Holy Land.T he most distinguished,
EdwardR obinson,w as the first scientific explorero f issue). Bliss completed Petrie'sd ig at Tell el Hesi on the
Palestine (see King 1983a).E quippedw ith little more northern edge of the Negev and also excavated at Jeru-
than compass, thermometer, telescope, measuring tape, salem and other important sites. Unlike many of his
and Bible, he succeeded in identifying over one hundred peers Bliss was not attracted to field archaeology by
biblical sites. apparentg lamour. Working alone at Tell el Hesi and at
In 1848, a decade after Robinson'sf irst trip to Palestine, the same time plagued with poor health, Bliss found the
William F. Lynch of the United States navy explored inevitable annoyances of life on a dig hard to take. At the
along the JordanR iver and circumnavigated the Dead end of one especially difficult season at Hesi, he rejoiced:
Sea. This first scientific survey of the Dead Sea was an "Freef or a while from all the care and worrya nd responsi-
important contribution to science. It produced, in addi- bility, dirt, dust of ages, fleas, squabbles."O n another
tion to maps and drawings,r eportso n the flora and fauna occasion, frustratedb y the lack of discovery at Hesi, he
of the Dead Sea, its geology, and an analysis of the water called the site a "fraud."A nd yet another time, when
content. The oft-statedf act that the Dead Sea is 1,300 feet blinded by Hesi dust, he referredt o the profession of an
below the level of the Mediterraneanw as first established archaeologist as "as illy life."
by the Lynch expedition.
FrederickJ .B liss was among the first archaeologists to From 1900 to the End of WorldW arI
excavates ystematically in Palestine. Borni n Beirut as the From ASOR'si nception at the turn of the century until
son of an American missionary, he was trained by the the end of WorldW arI annual appointees, most of whom
redoubtable British Egyptologist, Sir W. M. Flinders were leading biblical scholars, directed the Jerusalem
Petrie (see the BA Portraito f Petrieb y ValerieF argoi n this School. The more intrepido nes embarkedo n some rather
BIBLICALA RCHAEOLOGIST/DECEMBER19 84 199
daring trips to become acquainted with the environs of William F. Albright and His Students
Palestine. Director in 1904-1905, Nathaniel Schmidt of At the end of WorldW arI William E Albright became the
Cornell University undertook a grueling inspection tour firstl ong-termdi rectoorf t heJ erusalemSc hoolA. lbright
of the Dead Sea region, the Edomite territory, and the was the scholar who played the chief role in shaping the
Negev. In circumnavigating the Dead Sea he and his destiny of ASOR. As a precocious youngster he had an
students had some hair-raisinge xperiences. In the course insatiable curiosity about the ancient Near East. The
of exploration,h e recounted,h is partyw as surroundedb y classic at that time, History of Babylonia and Assyria by
"as warm of savages,n ot encumbered with much cloth- R. W Rogers,f ired Albright with such youthful enthusi-
ing, but armedt o the teeth with swords,g uns, pistols, and asm that he could hardly wait to get to Jerusalemb efore,
knives."H e continued: "Wet ried to get our boat out, but as he feared,a ll the tells had been dug.
deemed it most expedient to let them drag it ashore, On the occasion of Albright's appointment to Jeru-
when guns were pointed at us and our food and blankets salem, James A. Montgomery, ASOR's first president,
were carried away."I n their exploration of the Dead Sea, remarked:" Itm ay be that he [Albright]c an proveh imself
Schmidt and his companions were as courageous as as the coming director for a term of years."A pparently
William Lynchd uring his perilous expedition fifty-seven Albright passed the test, for he served as director of the
years earlier. JerusalemS chool for over a dozen years.
RichardJ . H. Gottheil, professor of rabbinic literature Takinga genuine interest in promising young scholars,
and Semitic languagesa t Columbia University was direc- Albright gave many of them their initial start. Benjamin
tor of the Jerusalem School from 1909 to 1910. In the Mazar, one of Israel'sm ost distinguished scholars, was
course of the year Gottheil concentrated on Arabic one of them. Mazar still boasts of his closeness to Al-
manuscripts and inscriptions and compiled a complete bright. It began with Albright's dig at Tell Beit Mirsim,
catalog of the Arabic manuscripts housed in the public where Mazarm asteredt he intricacies of stratigraphya nd
libraryo f the Kutainahf amily and in the privatel ibraries typology.
of the Jar-Allaha nd al-Buderif amilies. This project was Mazarw as one of the first Palestinian Jewst o conduct
the first of several undertakings by ASOR in the field of his own excavation. In 1936, an especially troubled year
Islam. because of riots, strikes, and curfews, he began to dig at
200 BIBLICALA RCHAEOLOGISTIDECEMBE1R9 84