The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures by Dallas Seminary Faculty [New Testament Edition]

993 Pages·2004·62.14 MB·English

by  John F. Walvoord

BibKlneo wleSdegrei es
The
BibKlneo wledge
Commentary
NEWT ESTAMENT
AnE xposition
oft hSec riptures
byD alSleamsi nFaarcyu lty
Basoentd h e
NewI nternVaetrisoinoaln
J
ohFnW. a lvooRrody B .Z uck
and
GENERAELD ITORS
David@Cook·
transforlmiivntegos g ether
THEB IBKNLOEW LEDGCEO MMENTANREYW:T ESTAMENT
PublibsyDh aevCdiC do o k
405L0eV ea nDcrei ve
ColoSrapdroiC nOg8 s0,9U 1.8S .A.
DavCiC do oUk. KK.i,n gCsowmamyu nications
EastboEauSsrutns es,e x6 NBTEN,n2 g3l and
Thger apchiirCccl loeig asor egisttreardeeodmfD aa rvCkiC do ok.
Alrli grhetsse Erxvcefoedrpb. tr ieexfc eforrrp etvspi uerwp oses,
nop aorftt h biosom ka bye r eproodruu sceiednda nfoyr m
withworuittp teernm ifrsosmti hopenu blisher.
Unloetshse rnwoitSsecedr ,i pturea rtqeau kofretonamt t hiHeoo lBnyis b Nlee: w
InternatVieornsailoC n®o.p yri1g9h71t39©,7 1 89,8b 4yI nternBaitbSilooecn i aelt y.
Usebdyp ermiosfZs oinodne PruvbalniH sohuisAnelrg.li grhetsse rved.
LCC8N3 061459
ISB9N7 8-0-88207-812-0
elS9B7N8 -0-78 14-0605-5
© 198J3o hFnW. a lvoaonRrdod By .Z u ck
CovDeers iSganrS:ac hh ultz
Prinitnte hUden itSetdao tfAe mse rica
FiErdsitt 1i9o 8n3
383 94 04 14 24 34 44 54 64 7
041917
Contents
P11ge
s
Preface Philippians
647
Editors 7 Colossians
667
ContriAbuutthionrgs 1T hessalonians
8 687
Abbreviations 9 2T hessalonians
713
Transliterations 1T imothy
10 727
2T imothy
749
Titus
761
Matthew 13 Philemon 769
Mark 9S Hebrews 777
Luke 199 James 81S
John 267 1P eter 837
Acts 349 2P eter 859
Romans 43S 1J ohn 881
1C orinthians sos 2John 90S
2C orinthians S51 3J ohn 911
Galatians S87 Jude 917
Ephesians 613 Revelation 925
MapCsh,a rtasn,Dd i agrams
PRge
GroupoifnN geswT estaBmoeonkts 11
DocumTehneto ry 14
MapP,a lesitnti hTneie m oeJf e sus 19
MapJ,e sJuosu'r nferyoBsme thlteohE egmyt poNt a zareth 21
MapB,e ginonJfie nsguM si'n istry 26
SataTne'msp taotfEi voaenns od Jf e sus 27
TheP araobJfle essu s 35
Jesu"sP'r overbs" 36
NewT esta"mMeynstt eries" 48
Paraobflt ehKsei ngdionMm a tth1e3w 52
MapG,a lialneSdeu rrouAnrdeiansg 58
TheT empAlree a 68
JesuSsiT'xr ials 84
HarmoonfEy v enaJttes s uCsru'c ifixion 88
ForDtayy s-fRreosmu rrteoAc stcieonns ion 91
MapP,l acMeesnt ioinnte hGdeo spaeclc ortdoMi anrgk 97
NewT estaWmoerndtfs oR re demption 153
ThTee mpAlree a 157
3
MapCsh,a rtasn,Dd i agrams
MapP,l aMceenst iiontn heGedo spaeclc ortdoLi unkge 200
HertohdGe r eaantHd i Dse scendants 203
RomaEnm perionNr eswT estaTmiemnets 207
JesSuesv'"e Sni ginnts h"Ge o spoefJl o hn 269
JesSuesv'"e IAn m 'isnt" h Geo spoefJl o hn 269
ThMei raocfJl eessu s 277
ThTee mpAlree a 279
ContrbaestwteNsei nc odaenmtduh sSe a marWiotmaann 284
MapT,w oR outbeestw eJeund aenaGd a lilee 285
Locaotfti hoPeno oolfB ethesda 289
NumboefOr c curroef"n Tceesst iamno"dnT ye"s t(iiGfnry .")
inJ ohWnr'ist ings 291
ThTee mpAlree a 303
Locaotfti hoPeno oolfS iloam 307
MirabcylP eesta enrPd a ul 349
SermoannsSd p eecihnA ecst s 355
LocaotfAki eolnd ama 356
AnnaFsa'm ily 362
MapP,a lesStyirCniieal,,ia cnCidya p,ru s 376
MapP,a uFli'rMssi ts siJoonuarnrye y 386
PauElp'iss Wtrlietsot,ne H ni Jso urnaenydds u riHnigs
Imprisonments 389
MapP,a uSle'csoM nids siJoonuarnreyy 397
MapP,a uTlh'isr d MiJsosuirnoenya ry 406
SpeakiinTn ogn giunAe cst s 408
ThTee mpAlree a 416
MapP,a uJlo'usrn teoRy o me 425
MapK,e Pyl aicnPea su lM'isn istry 433
PlacaensdD atoefst hWer itionftg hsNe e wT estament
Epistles 434
PauIln'tsr odtuoHc itEsip oinsst les 439
ContrbaestwteAsed na amn Cdh riinRs otm a5n:s1 5-21 461
PausCl o'ncluding iBnHe inEsep diiscttlieosn s 500
ReferteoNn acteuisrn te hB eo ookfJ ames 817
JamRees'f erteoJn ecseSuses r'm oontn h Meo unt 818
ThSee v"eBne atiitnRu edveesl"a tion 929
MapL,o catoifto hSnees v Cehnu rches 932
ThLee ttetrots hS ee vCehnu rches 941
FourtDeoexno liontg hiBeeo soo kfR evelation 944
ThRee latiooftn hsSehe iaTplru sm,p eatnsd, Bowls 950
4
Preface
ThBei bKlneo wlCeodmgmee nitsaa ner xyp osoiftt ihoSenc riptures
writatneden d itseodl eblyDy a llSaesm infaarcyu mletmyb eIrtis s.
desigfnoperad s tloarysp,e rBsiobtnlesea, c hseerrsiB,oi ubsslt eu deanntds ,
othewrhsow anatc omprehbeunbtsr iivaeenf dr eliable coonm mentary
theen tBi'rieb le.
Whya notBhiebrcl oem menwthaersnyo m ancyo mmentaarrei es
alreaavdayi lSaebvleefr?ea alt muarketesh ivso luamd ei stiBnicbtliev e
stutdoyo l.
FirTsth,eB ibKlneo wledge iCsow rmimtebtnyef tnaa cruylt y
membeorfso nes chool-DTahleloalsoS geimcianlTa hriyvs.o lume
intertphrSeec trsi pctounrseiss ftreontmth lgeyr ammatical-historical
approaancdfh r otmh per etribuplraetmiiolnlpaeelnr,ns ipaelfc otri ve,
which Dallaissw eSlkelnm oiwAnntat. rh syea mtei mteh,ae u thoofrtse n
presveanrtiv oiuesow fps a sswahgeedrsie ff eroefno cpeisne ixoiwnsi tt hin
evangeslcihcoalla rship.
Secotnhdii,tss h fier ssitn gle-cvoomlmuemnett oba erb ya soendt he
NewI nntaetriVoenrasloi fto hnHe oy lB ib(l19ee7 d8 .T)h.eN IVi s
widealcyc epatsate rda nstlhafatatii otnh rfeunldtlehyrbe si bltiecixantlt o
clemaord ernE-ndgalyiT shheB. i bKlneo wlCeodmgmee ntthaurs y
becomiemsm ediuasteeaflsuayc l o mpantiooo nnep 'esr sBoinbasllte u dy.
Thirtdh,ic so mmenthaarsfy e atutrheansto tal olne -vuomle
commentianrcil(euasdI )ent . h eciorm meonntt shb ei bltiecxtathlw,e r iters
dischuoswts h peu rpoofst ehb eo oukn fohlodwse ,a cpha rfittw si tthh e
whoalnewd i twhh at praencfdeo dlelisot Tw.hs ih se lps rseewaehd ye rs
thbei blaiuctahlco hrosts heme a tetrhiedayila dst hewiorr ds gwueirdee d
byt hHeo lSyp iriints'psi r(abPt)ri oobnpl.ae sms ages, puzzling Bible-time
custoamnasdl, l ecgoendt radaircceat rieofcnuosln lsyi adneddri esdc ussed.
(cI)nsigfhrotms ltahteie nsc to nservbaitbilsvicech aoll aarrsehip
incorpiontr havitosel du (mdeM).a nHye brAerwa,m aaincGd,r eweokr ds,
imprtoanttot huen derstoafcn edritnpagai sns aagredesi ,s cuTshseesde.
wordasrt er ansliftoterhr beae tneedofi frt e adneorptsr oficiinte hnet
biblliacnaglu aYgeetts h.ow sheo d ok notwh elsaen guwaiglaells s o
appretchieacstoeem men(teDs)o. z eonfms a ps, acnhddai ratgsr,aa rmes
inclutdheeadyr; pe l acceodn veniweinttthhl Beyi bplaes sabgeeisn g
discunsosatett d h,ee n odf t hveo lu(mfeN).u mercoruosrs esf erteonces
relaotrpe adr allela rpiean scslauwgdieetstdh h dei scusosnmi aonnys
passages.
Them ateornie aalcB hi bbloeoi kn claundI enst rod(duicstciuossni on
5
ofi tesmusca hsa uthordsahtpieup,r, p uonsiesty,t, y ulnei,qf ueea tures),
OutlCionmem,e natnadBr iyb,l ioIgntr haCepo hmym.e nsteactriyo n,
summaorfie ensts iercet oifto hntese axrtge i vfeonl,l obwyd eedt ailed
commeonntt hspe a ssvaegrbesy ve e rasneod ft epnh rabsype h raAslel.
wordqsu otferdot mh NeI Va ppeianbr o ldtfyacpaeesd , o t hvee rse
numbeartts h bee ginonfip narga grTahpeBh isb. lioegnrtarpiehsy,
suggefosrtf eudr tshteurad ryne,o· at l eln dorisnte hdee inrt ibryte htey
authaonredsd itTohrwesr .i taenredsd ithoarvlsei sbtoetwdho rtkhse y
havceo nsualntodet dhw ehriswc ohu bledu setforu ela ders.
Perspornoanlor uenfset roDr eiinatgryc e a pitwahliioczfhet hdee,nl ps
makietc letahrat thc eo mmenitswa rtiotrai bnogau M te mbeorft he
TrinTiht.ey:w .o LrodR aDsi, n t hNeI Vi,st hEen gltirsahn solfat thieo n
HebrYeHwW Ho,f treenn deYraehdw ienEh n glLioshrt.dr anslates
a
(at:l on).iW hetnh tew noa msetsa tnodg eatshc eorm ponuanmodef G od,
theayrr ee nde"Sroevde LrOeRi"aDg s,in n t hNeI V.
ThNee wT estaCmoennstu EldtiitDnorgSr. t, a nDl.Te oyu sshaaisn t,
addteodt hqeu aloiftt hyci osm menbtyra erya dtihnmega nuscarnidp ts
offerhienlgp sfuuglg esHtiiwsoo nrisks.g reaatplpyr ecWieaa tlesdo.
exprtehsasnt koLs l oCyodry V,i cBtooorRk esf erEednictteooB r a,r bara
Williwahmossc,ea reefduilte innhga ntchemeda tearpiparle ctioa bly,
hardwoPrrkoidnugCc otoirodni MnyartnJoaer aH na sasnetd,o t hmea ny
manustycpriiaspttSt sc ripPtruearsnesDd a lTlhaeso loSgeimcianflao rry
thediirl igence.
Thisv oluimasen e xposofit thiBeoi nba lnee x,p lanoaftt htieeo oxnft
Scripbtausroeend,c areefxuelg eIstii sns o.pt r imaard ielvyo tional
commenotraa nrye ,x egewtoirgckia vldi entgoa fil lesx icgorlaomgmya,r ,
ands yntwaixte hx tendsiisvceu sosfci rointmsia ctatplee rrst ation ing
textaunabdla ckgrdoautMnaad.yt hciosm mendteaerpyyeo nui rn sight
inttohS ec ripatsuy roeuss e,et koh av"et heey eosfy ouhre a.r. t.
enligh(tEepn1he:.d1b "8yt ) h tee acmhiinnigos ftt hryHe o lSyp irit.
Thibso oiksd e sitgone enridcy ho uurn derstaannaddp ipnrge ciation
oft hSec ripGtoudri'ensss ,p iinreerdWr,oa rnadtn, td om otiyvoa"utn eo t
mere[ltlyoi ]s ttote hnWe o rdb"ua tl tsoo" dwoh aitst a yOsa"m e1s: 22)
an"da l.s.ot. ot eaocthh e(r2Ts i"m2 .: 2).
JohFn.W alvoord
RoyB .Z uck
6
Edit ors
JohFnW. a lvooBr.dAM,.. ,A T.H,. MT.h,. DD..,DL .i,t t.D.
ChanceElmleorri tus
ProfeEsmseorrio tfSu yss teThmeaotlico gy
RoyB .Z ucAk,. BTh..,M .T,h .D.
SeniPorro feEsmseorrio tfBu isbE lxep osition
BibliSoatchreaca
Editor,
ConsulEtdiintgo rs
DonaKl.dC ampbeBl.lAT,.h ,. MT.h,. D.
PresiEdmeenrti tus
ProfeEsmseorrio tfBu isbE lxep os ition
StanDl.eT yo ussaBi.nATt.h,,. MTh..,D .
SeniPorro feEsmseorrio tfBu isbE lxep os ition
7
ContribAuuttihnogr s*
LouAi.Bs a rbJireB.ri.,,ATh ..,M T.h,. D. HaroWl.Hd o ehnBe.rA,Th. .,M Th..,D P.h,. D.
ProfesosfTo hero logy DirectoofPr h .SDtu.d ies
MoodByi bIlnset itute Chairmaann Ddi stinguPirsohfeeodsf s or
ChicaIglol,i nois NewT estaSmteundti es
Matthew Ephesians
JR.o naBllduB e.,ATh ..,M P.h,. D., RobP.eL rti ghtnThe.rB,M. .,L .ThA..M,Th. .,D .
PresidEemnetr itus ProfessEomre riotfSu yss tematic
CAM International Theology
DallTaesx,a s Philippians
James
A.D uanLei tBf.iSThn..,,M Ph ..,D .
EdwAi.nB lumB,. STh..,MTh ..,D D..,Th eol. President
'Iranslanadt Eodri tor WheatCoonl lege
PhiloloFgoounsd ation
WheatoInl,l inois
DallTaesx,a s 1a n2dT imoTtihtyu,s
John
DavKi.Ld o weBry.,ATh ..,M Ph..,D .
DonaKl.d CamBp.bAThe..l,Ml Th.,., D .
ProfesosfNo erw T estaSmtuednite s
PresidEemnetr itus 1a n2dC orinthians
ProfesEsmoerr iotfBu isb Elxep osition
Galatians JohnA .M artinB,. ATh..,M Th..,D .
Provost
ThomaLs.C onstBa.bAThl..e,M, Th. .,D .
RobeWretssl eCyoalnl ege
ChairamnaSednn ioPrr ofeosfBs iobrl e
RochesNteewrY ,o rk
Exposition
Luke
1a n2dTh essalonians
EdwaCrd.P entecBo.sAMt,.. ,AT .h,. DM..M,i ss.
EdwCi.Dn e ibBl.eAThr,.. ,M Ph..,D .
LateP rofessoofWr o rlMdi ssions
ProfeEsmseorrio tufHs i stoThreioclaolg y
Jude
Philemon
RogeMr.R aymeBr,. ATh..,M .
KenneOth.G angeBl.,AM ..,AM ..,D iSv..T,. M.,
SenioPra stor
Ph.DL.i,tt .D.
LakRei dBgieb Clheu rch
ScholianRr e sidence
DallTaesx,a s
ToccFoaalC losl lege
1P eter
ToccFoaalG leso,r gia
2P eter StanlDey.T oUSlBl.iAThnt,.. ,M Th..,D .
NormaLn.G eisThl.eBBr..,,A M ..,APh ..,D . Senior PrEomfeersiostufoBs ri ble
Provost Exposition
Acts
SouthEevrna ngeSelmiicnaalr y
CharlNootrtCteah,r olina JohRnW alvooBrd.,AM ..,ATh ..,M Th..,D D..,D .,
Colossians
Litt.D.
JohDn.G rassBm.iAThc..k,M, Ph. .,D . ChanceElmleorri tus
AssocPiraotfeeo sfNs eowrT estament ProfesEsmoerr iotfSu yss tematic
Studies Theology
Mark Rveelation
ZanCe.H odgBe.sATh,.. ,M . JohAn.W itmeBr,. AM..,AM ..,S .,ThL ..MS..,
Writer Th.D.
KerygImnac,. Associate EmPerorfieotsfus so r
DallTaesx,a s SystemTahetoilco gy
Hebrew1s2,,a, n 3dJ ohn Romans
•Eapcehr ispsor ne saenstsloyc wiiathDte adlTh leoalso giSecmainla unlrye sssp ecoithfieerwdi Whseent. h e
Commewnafitsra psryut b liesahcaedhu, th woaras f acmuletym baetthr eSemina ry.
8
Abbreviations
A.Gener1d
act. active n.n,n . note(s)
Akk. Akkadian n.d. nod ate
Apoc. Apocrypha neut. neuter
Aram. Aramaic n.p. nop ublinsohp elrao,cf e
ca. ciracbao,ut publication
cf. concfoemrp,a re no. number
chacph.a,p sc.h apter(s) NT NewT estament
comp. compicloemdp,i lation,O T OldTe stament
compiler p.p,p . pag(se)
ed. edited,e deidtiotri on, parp.a,r s.p aragraph(s)
eds. editors part. participle
e.g. exegmrpalftioi erax ,a mple pass. passive
Eng. English perf. perfect
eta l. eatl ainiod,t hers pl. plural
fem. feminine pres. present
Gr. Greek q.v. quovdi wdhei,sc ehe
Heb. Hebrew Sem. Semitic
ibid. ibiidnte hmse,a mpel ace sing. singular
i.e. ide stth,ia st s.v. suvbe rubnod,te hrwe o rd
imper. imperative trans. transltartainosnl,a tor,
imperf. imperfect translated
lit. litelriatle,r ally viz. videnlaimceelty,
LXX Septuagint volv.o,l s.v olume(s)
marg. margin, marginal vr.ve,va .d ingv erse(s)
masc. masculine vs. versus
ms.m,s. s manuscript(s) Vu!. Vulgate
MT Masorteetxitc
Abbre"Dio11fBto ioooktfnsh sB e i ble
B.
Gen. Ruth Job Lam. Jonah
Ex. 12, S am. PsP.s,(s p.l .) Ezek. Micah
Lev. 12, K ings Prov. Dan. Nahum
Num. 12, C hron. Ecc. Hosea Hab.
Deut. Ezra Song Joel Zeph.
Jo.s h Neh. Isa. Amos Hag.
Jud. Es. Jer. Obad. Zech.
Mal.
Matt. Acts Eph. 1,T2i m. James
Mark Rom. Phil. Titus 12, P eter
Luke 12, C or. Col. Phile. 12,, 3 J ohn
John Gal. 12, T hes. Heb. Jude
Rev.
C.Abbre"Dio11fBt iibolnes TVre11rsniso1",intnsPi,l,11o r11npsh,r 11ses
ASV AmeriSctaann dVaerrds ion
JB JerusaBliebml e
KinJga mVeesr sion
KN
NASB NewA meriSctaann dBairbdl e
NEB NewE nglBiisbhl e
NIV NewI nternaVteirosniaoln
NKJV NewK inJga mVeesr sion
Ph. NewT estaimneM notd eEmn gl0i.sBPh.h illips)
RSV Revised VSetrasnidoanr d
Seo. NewS cofiReelfde rBeinbclee
Wms. TheN ewT esta(mCehnatBr .lW eisl liams) 9
Transliterations
Hebrew
Consounts
'
M- i-,J -y Cl - s ,-r
'I w-s
l-b M-h �-k u-(
=-,- w� �-k !-p rz,- s
l-g =T- z- �- l Z-p M- t
r, t-
":1)--dg l"i-�t 0:--mn �Ir,-- $q
D11ghfeosirrshte ep resbeydn otuebdtl hilene gt ter.
V ot1diz1ition
:i:-b ah ·i- ba= l -bot i -be
,:- bo -bo l-but ;-b''
i 'l:
1:- bu .:- bu -be :ii- bah
"�- be �- be ;-b1i Ml- ba '
T
".;- be ;- bi ;, b-a Mi- beh
"; b-i �- ba �- bo M� -beh
T:
1I nc lossyeldl ables
Greek
aI & -aa t -x 'YY -ng
-b 0 -0 YK -nk
-g -p -nx
y 7T yt
8 p -r -nch
-d Y,X
E' - e rr, i -s at -ai
-z T -t a,v -au
,,,,,,, -e V -y Et -ei
(J • -th cf, -ph EV -eu
,
Kt --ik X"' -- pcsh O'l'JL,,V --oeiu
-1 cu cu -0 o•v -OU
µ. -m p•l I 6 -rh Vt -hui
-n -h
JI
10