The Beginnings of Western Science: The European Scientific Tradition in Philosophical, Religious, and Institutional Context, Prehistory to A.D. 1450 PDF
Preview The Beginnings of Western Science: The European Scientific Tradition in Philosophical, Religious, and Institutional Context, Prehistory to A.D. 1450
Table of Contents Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Preface Chapter 1 - Science before the Greeks WHAT IS SCIENCE? PREHISTORIC ATTITUDES TOWARD NATURE THE BEGINNINGS OF SCIENCE IN EGYPT AND MESOPOTAMIA Chapter 2 - The Greeks and the Cosmos THE WORLD OF HOMER AND HESIOD THE FIRST GREEK PHILOSOPHERS THE MILESIANS AND THE QUESTION OF UNDERLYING REALITY THE QUESTION OF CHANGE THE PROBLEM OF KNOWLEDGE PLATO’S WORLD OF FORMS PLATO’S COSMOLOGY THE ACHIEVEMENT OF EARLY GREEK PHILOSOPHY Chapter 3 - Aristotle’s Philosophy of Nature LIFE AND WORKS METAPHYSICS AND EPISTEMOLOGY NATURE AND CHANGE COSMOLOGY MOTION, TERRESTRIAL AND CELESTIAL ARISTOTLE AS A BIOLOGIST ARISTOTLE’S ACHIEVEMENT Chapter 4 - Hellenistic Natural Philosophy SCHOOLS AND EDUCATION THE LYCEUM AFTER ARISTOTLE EPICUREANS AND STOICS Chapter 5 - The Mathematical Sciences in Antiquity THE APPLICATION OF MATHEMATICS TO NATURE GREEK MATHEMATICS EARLY GREEK ASTRONOMY COSMOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS HELLENISTIC PLANETARY ASTRONOMY THE SCIENCE OF OPTICS THE SCIENCE OF WEIGHTS Chapter 6 - Greek and Roman Medicine EARLY GREEK MEDICINE HIPPOCRATIC MEDICINE HELLENISTIC ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY HELLENISTIC MEDICAL SECTS GALEN AND THE CULMINATION OF HELLENISTIC MEDICINE Chapter 7 - Roman and Early Medieval Science GREEKS AND ROMANS POPULARIZERS AND ENCYCLOPEDISTS TRANSLATIONS THE ROLE OF CHRISTIANITY ROMAN AND EARLY MEDIEVAL EDUCATION TWO EARLY MEDIEVAL NATURAL PHILOSOPHERS LEARNING AND SCIENCE IN THE GREEK EAST Chapter 8 - Islamic Science EASTWARD DIFFUSION OF GREEK SCIENCE THE BIRTH, EXPANSION, AND HELLENIZATION OF ISLAM TRANSLATION OF GREEK SCIENCE INTO ARABIC ISLAMIC RECEPTION AND APPROPRIATION OF GREEK SCIENCE THE ISLAMIC SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENT THE FATE OF ISLAMIC SCIENCE Chapter 9 - The Revival of Learning in the West THE MIDDLE AGES CAROLINGIAN REFORMS THE SCHOOLS OF THE ELEVENTH AND TWELFTH CENTURIES NATURAL PHILOSOPHY IN THE TWELFTH-CENTURY SCHOOLS THE TRANSLATION MOVEMENT THE RISE OF UNIVERSITIES Chapter 10 - The Recovery and Assimilation of Greek and Islamic Science THE NEW LEARNING ARISTOTLE IN THE UNIVERSITY CURRICULUM POINTS OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION: SCIENCE AS HANDMAIDEN RADICAL ARISTOTELIANISM AND THE CONDEMNATIONS OF 1270 AND 1277 THE RELATIONS OF PHILOSOPHY AND THEOLOGY AFTER 1277 Chapter 11 - The Medieval Cosmos THE STRUCTURE OF THE COSMOS MATHEMATICAL ASTRONOMY ASTROLOGY THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH Chapter 12 - The Physics of the Sublunar Region MATTER, FORM, AND SUBSTANCE COMBINATION AND MIXTURE ALCHEMY CHANGE AND MOTION THE NATURE OF MOTION MATHEMATICAL DESCRIPTION OF MOTION THE DYNAMICS OF LOCAL MOTION QUANTIFICATION OF DYNAMICS THE SCIENCE OF OPTICS Chapter 13 - Medieval Medicine and Natural History THE MEDICAL TRADITION OF THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES THE TRANSFORMATION OF WESTERN MEDICINE MEDICAL PRACTITIONERS MEDICINE IN THE UNIVERSITIES DISEASE, DIAGNOSIS, PROGNOSIS, AND THERAPY ANATOMY AND SURGERY DEVELOPMENT OF THE HOSPITAL NATURAL HISTORY Chapter 14 - The Legacy of Ancient and Medieval Science THE CONTINUITY QUESTION CANDIDATES FOR REVOLUTIONARY STATUS THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Notes Bibliography Index DAVID C. LINDBERG is the Hilldale Professor Emeritus of the History of Science at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and past president of the History of Science Society. He is the author or editor of many books, including, with coeditor Ronald L. Numbers, When Science and Christianity Meet, also published by the University of Chicago Press. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637 The University of Chicago Press, Ltd., London © 1992, 2007 by The University of Chicago All rights reserved. Published 2007 Printed in the United States of America I6 I5 I4 I3 I2 II I0 09 08 07 I 2 3 4 5 ISBN-13: 978-0-226-48205-7 (paper) ISBN-10: 0-226-48205-7 (paper) Library of Congress Cataloging-in- Publication Data Lindberg, David C. The beginnings of western science : the European scientific tradition in philosophical, religious, and institutional context, prehistory to A.D. 1450 / David C. Lindberg.—2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-I3: 978-0-226-48205-7 (pbk. : alk. paper) ISBN-I0: 0-226-48205-7 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Science, Ancient—History. 2. Science, Medieval—History. I. Title. Q124.95.L55 2007 509.4—dc22 2007029485 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, A NSI Z39.48-I992. To Greta, Chris, John, Erik, Liana, Annie, and Davey, who have brought so much joy to my life.
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