The Beauty in the Eyes of the Qari in Qira’at al-Kisa’i

31 Pages·3.222 MB·English

by  Fatma Yacoit Elibyari

م

ر
ا

ج

ع

Uṣ ūl Qirā-at

Al-Kisā-ī
{Al-Layth & Ad-Dūrī}

Bismi Allāhi Arrahmāni Arrahīm
In the name of Allāh, the most
Beneficent, the most Merciful
Table of contents
Table of contents…………………..…….…………………..…….4
The Tajwīd Rules of Qirā-at Al-Kisā-ī ...………………...…….....6
1. The Basmalah between two sūrahs…………...…....….…..…....6
2. Sūratul-Fātiḥah and 3. Al-Madd AlFar˘ī………....…....…….....6
4. Mīm al-Jam˘ and the hā that precedes it ……..……...…...….....7
5. Hā-al-Kināyah……….……………………..…....…….....……..7
6. The Repetitive Istifhām Mukarrar ……….……..…….....…..…9
7. (A) Al-Idghām As-Ŝaghīr………..………………...…….....…10
7. (B) Idghām of the letters close in makhraj…...................…..…11
8. Al-Imālah…………………………………....……...…………13
9. Ways of Stopping on ˘Uthmanic Muṣḥaf Script ......…….…..19
10. The Single and Double hamzah……….…...….……………..21
11. IshmāmWith a Ḥarkah or Letter ……………………....…….22

12. Al-Kisā-ī’s special words (Farsh)………...…...…….……….23
13. Yā-āt Al-Iḍāfah……………………………….……….....…..26
14. Yā-āt az-Zawā-id……...………..……………...……….……30
15. Refrences…………………..…..…………….……….......…..31

THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF QIRĀ-AT AL-KISĀ-Ī is
mentioned in reference to Ḥafṣ’s recitation and upon evidences
from Ash-Shāṭibiyyāh. The verses from Ash-Shāṭibiyyāh that
concern the tajweed rules of Al-Kisā-ī’s Recitation will be written
ā
in Arabic and in blue text. The R is an indication to Al-Kisā-ī’s
īn ā
recitation,S is for Al-Layth and T is for Ad-Dūrī

Imām Qāsim ibn Ahmad Ash-Shāṭibī (d. 548 A.H.) wrote a poem,
consisting of 1173 couplets, about the seven authentic Mutawātir
Qirā-āt, which he called Ḥirz al-Amānī wa Wajh at-Tahānī, it is
better known as the Shāṭibiyyāh.

The Beauty in The Eyes of The Qārī in Qirā-at Al-Kisā-ī 4
The Tajwīd Rules of Qirā-at Al-Kisā-ī

لَ بَ سَْ َ َت يهييف مي ارَ حْ لْي ْ ا في نَ كا *** امَ يل هُ تُ عْ نَ ي يئاسَ كي ْلاَف عَلٌّ ي َ امَّ َأوَ - 93
7) Al-Kisā-ī Al-Kūfī: He is Abū Al-Ḥasan ˘Alī ibn Ḥamzah ibn
˘Abdillāh, originally from ˘Irāq, born around 120 A.H. to a Persian
family (non-Arab background). He was given the nickname Kisā-ī
because he made Iḥrām in a Kisā’ (wrap). He learnt the Qur-ān
from different shiyūkh, such as Ḥamza ibn Ḥabīb, his sheikh, al-
A˘mash, ˘Āṣim, Shu˘bah ˘an ˘Āṣim, Nāfi˘ and others. He travelled
to Al-Baṣrah to learn the Arabic language from Al-Khalīl ibn
Aḥmād and became the most knowledgable of his generation in
Arabic Grammar. He is considered one of the classical scholars.
He authored numerous books and excelled in the science of the
Qirā-āt. Students used to flock to him to listen to the entire Qur-ān,
and they even used to record where he stopped and started every
verse. The Khalīfah Harūn ar-Rashīd used to hold him in great
esteem and learned from him. He passed away 189 A.H.
َ َ ْ َ ْ َ َ ُ *** ٌ ْ َ َ َ َْ ُ َ ُ ْ َ ْ ُ ُ ْ َ َ َ - 04
لخ دق يركلي ا فيي و ييرولدا وه صفحو اضري لا ثي يرالْا وبأ هنع مهثلَ ىور
His two primary students who preserved his qirā-ah are:
i) Al-Layth: He is Abū Al-Ḥārith Al-Layth ibn Khālid al-
Baghdādī. He was a righteous man, recited the Qur-ān directly to
his imām Al-Kisā-ī, and was his best friend. He died 240 A.H.
ii) Ad-Dūrī: He is Ḥafṣ ibn ˘Umar ibn ˘Abdul ˘Azīz ad-Dūrī (150-
246 A.H.). He was born in ad-Dūr, close to Baghdād. He was the
chief qārī and the first to compile different qira-āt, despite the fact
that he was blind. He is the same Dūrī who is the student of Abī
˘Amr ulBaṣrī (the 3rd Qārī), for he studied and preserved both of
these Qirā-āt.
The Beauty in The Eyes of The Qārī in Qirā-at Al-Kisā-ī 5
THE BASMALAH/ AL-FĀTIḥA/AL-MADD AL-FAR˘Ī

َ َ َ َ ً َ ْ َ ْ َ َ ٌ َ *** َّ ُ ْ َ َ َ ْ َ َ َ ْ َ َ - 011
لمتَو ةير يد اهوم ن لاجي ر ةٍ نسي ب يْي تروسلا يْب لمسبو
Al-Kisā-ī follows Ḥafṣ ˘an ˘Āṣim in some rules of recitation, such
as: 1- Using the basmalah to connect between the sūrahs.
2- ٤ نيلدي ٱ مي وۡ َي كي يل مَ Reading mālikī yawmi addīn in sūrat Al-Fātiḥah.
ي
Imām Ash-Shāṭibī states: *** ٌ َ َ َ ْ َ َ َ -841
صي ا ن يهيوا ر نيلدي ا مي وي كي يلامو
ي ي

3- Counting the Basmalah as the first āyah of sūrat Al-Fātiḥa
4- Reading madd Muttaṣṣil and Munfaṣṣil in tawassuṭ, 4 ḥarakāt.

ءَ ي ا شَ وَ - ء وي سُ - مْ هُ ؤُ زَٰٓ َ جَ / يءيلََ ؤُ هَٰٓ َ -اهَ ي أَ يَٰٓ َ - لَ هۡ َأيَٰٓ َ - نَّ يإ ْاوي ُلاَق- نَّ يإ يلََ أَ -نيإ ْاوي ُكََّّ وَ تَ فَ - لَ يإ ۥي ُهرُ مۡ َأوَ -اهَ مي ُأ فيي

َ َ ً َ ْ َّ َ َ َ *** ٌ َ َ ْ َ َ ُ ْ َ ُ َ ْ َ َ - 194
لب اجوعي فيي ني ييونلتا في يلأ عَل ةفيطي ل عٍ طق نود صٍ فح ةتكسو
َ َ ُ َ ْ َ َ َ ُ َ ْ َ َ َ *** ْ َ َ َ َ َ ْ َ َ َ ْ َ ُ َ - 198
لصوم تكس لَ نوقالْاو نار لب مي لَو اندي قرمو قار نم نٍ ون فيي و
Note: None of the Qurrā’ make a short pause (sakt) in the 4 places
of the obligatory sakt of Ḥafṣ, rather they connect, make waṣl only.
َّ َ with imālah of =
قا ر نم ََناَرب َناَرَلَب
ٍ
The Beauty in The Eyes of The Qārī in Qirā-at Al-Kisā-ī 6
4- Mīm Al-Jam˘ And The Hā That Precedes It

Mīm al-jam˘ refers to that mīm which indicates masculinity and
plurality appearing after a hā, tā or kāf (ْ ُ -ْ ُ -ْ ُ (
م ه م ك م ت
َ َ ْ َ َ ُ ْ َ َ ْ َ ْ َ َ ُ *** َ َ ْ َ َ َّ ُ ْ َ ُ ْ َ - 001
لعلا تَف سَك يءاهلا دعبو كُيل نكي اس لبق اهمض لصو ني ود نمي و
ٍ ٍ ٍ
َ َ ْ َ َّ َّ َ ْ ُ ْ َ ْ َ ْ َ *** ً َ َ ْ َ َ ْ َ ْ َ ْ َ ْ َ َ - 001
للم ش مضلاب ءي اهلا سَك لصولا فيو انيكاس يءالَا وأ اهلا لبق سَكلا عم
ي ي ي
َ ْ ُ ْ َ ْ ُ ْ ْ َ ُ َ *** ْ ُ ْ َ َ َّ ُ ُ َ ْ َ ْ ُ َ َ - 001
لمي كم سَي كلايب كُي ليل فيقو لاتيق لا مهي يلع مث بابسلْا مهي يب امك
Mīm al-jam˘ can appear before a sākin or mutaḥarrik letter.
A- If it is preceding a sākin, then all the qurrā` read the mīm with a
temporary ḍammah, without ṣilah, to avoid the meeting of 2 sākin.
ُ َ ۡ ُ ُ ۡ َ َ -َ ُ َ ۡ ُ ُ ُ َ ۡ َ َ َ ُ ُ ۡ ُ ُ ۡ .
لا ت يق لٱ م ك ي ل ع نوقسي فلٱ مهثَكأو نونمي ؤ ملٱ م هنمي
B- If the hā before the mīm is preceded by kasrah or a sākin yā,
then Al-Kisā-ī reads both the hā and the mīm with ḍammah.
ُ َ ْ َ ۡ ُ ُ - َ ْ ُ ُ َ -ُ َّ ُ ُ ُ - ُ َّ ُ ُ َ ُ - ُ َ ۡ ُ ُ ۡ َ َ - َّ ُ ُ َ ۡ - ُ َّ ُ ُ ۡ َ َ
بابس لْٱ م هيب يْي ن ثٱ م ه لَي إ لا م هي ير ي لٱ م هيي ف و ي لاتيق لٱ مهيلع تَي لٱ مهيتلبيق ةللي ٱ م هيلع
During waqf on mīm al-jam˘, all the qurrā` read the same as Ḥafṣ.
C- If the mīm al-jam˘ is followed by a mutaḥarrik letter, then it is
read with sukūn.

5. HĀ-UL-KINĀYAH, PRONOUN

Hā-ul-Kināyah: is the direct object hā that denotes a single male,
third person and is not part of the original root of a word. )هـ(
The general rule for the mutaḥarrik Hā-ul-Kināyah in the recitation
of Ḥafṣ ˘an ˘Āsim, (i) if it is located between two mutaḥarrik
The Beauty in The Eyes of The Qārī in Qirā-at Al-Kisā-ī 7
letters, then lengthen its kasrah or ḍammah (ṣilah ṣughra) with yā
or wāw of 2 ḥarkāt, as in: لّ َّ صَ َف ۦيه ب رَ مَ سۡ ٱ رَ كَ ذَ وَ - ى سََ ۡ ُيلۡ يل ۥُه سَُ ي َينُ سَ َف
ي
(ii) If hamzatul qaṭ˘ follows hā-ul-Kināyah, then it is lengthened as
a madd munfaṣṣil (ṣilah kubra) to 4 ḥarkāt, as in: َ ي ُ ُ َ
اذي إ ۥ لام
Al-Kisā-ī recites hā-ul-Kināyah with ṣilah in general, so the
following words are read in a different way from Ḥafṣ.

َ
1- In 27: 28 } مۡ هي لَۡ َ يإ ۦي ييِه يقلۡ أَف اذَ هَ بِي تَ كي ي ب بهَ ذۡ ٱ{
2- In 24: 52 }َ ُ ي َ ۡ ُ ُ َ َ ْ ُ َ َّ َ َ َ َّ َ ۡ َ َ ُ َ ُ َ َ َ َّ ُ َ َ {
نوزيئافلٱ مه كيئلَٰٓ وأف ۦي ه يقتيو لٱ شخيو ۥلوسرو لٱ عي طي ي نمو
3- The only 1 with a ḍammah is in 39: 7 }ۡ ُ َ ُ َ ۡ َ ْ ُ ُ ۡ َ {.
مكل و ه ضري اوركشت نوَإِ
َ َ ْ َ ُ َ ْ َ َّ َ ٌّ َ َ ْ َ *** ً َ ْ َ ْ ُ ْ ْ َ ٌ َ َ َ - 011
لمرح هاوعد فل مض يءاهلا فيو انيكاس زي مهلايب هئجي رأ رفن عىو
َ َ ُ ْ َ َ ُ ً َ َ ْ َ *** ْ ْ َ ْ ْ َ َ َ ً َ )ْ ْ َ َ ( – 011
لصولتي بٍ ي ر نود اداوج اهلصي و ميهييرغيل سَي كاو زاف ايرصي ن نكي سأو
َ
He recites ْ ْ in (26: 36) and (7: 111) with a kasrah and a ṣilah.
هجي رأ
4- َ َ ي َ َ ۡ ۡ ۡ َ َ ُ َ َ َ ۡ َ ْ ي ُ َ -َ َ ي َ َ ۡ ۡ َ ۡ َ ُ َ َ َ ۡ َ
نيشِي ي ح ني يئادملٱ فيي لسي رأو هاخأو ۦي هجي رأ اولاق نيشِي ي ح ني يئادملٱ فيي ث ع با و هاخأو ۦي هجي رأ
َ َّ َ ْ َ ْ َ ْ َ َ ُ ْ َ َ *** ْ ْ َ َّ ُ َ ْ َ ْ َ َ َ - 411
لصو حي تفلا فيي لا يهيلع هعمو مهي صي فلْي مض يهييناسنأ سَي ك اهو
Note: Only Ḥafṣ reads this qāf ۡ َّ َ َ with sukūn, and also the
ق ي ههقتيو
following hā-al- Kināyah with a ḍammah, and with tafkhīm lām of
ْ
Ism ulJalālah. Ḥafṣ’s special words: in sūrat an-nur 5- 6-
ي ههقتيو
)ُ َ ۡ َّ َّ َ َ ي َ َ ( ُ َ َ 18:63 )َ َّ ۡ َ َ َ َ َ َ ( َ َّ ُ ۡ َ َ -1 ،48:10.
نطيشلٱ لَيإ ي هيينىسنأ امو هيينىسنأ لٱ ي ههيلع دهع اميب لٱ هيلع
The remaining qurrā read tarqīq of lām Ism ulJalālah and shorten
hā-al-Kināyah to 0 ḥarkah ً َ ُ ۡ ۡ ُ ۡ َ َ .
اناهم ي ه ييف لُخيو

The Beauty in The Eyes of The Qārī in Qirā-at Al-Kisā-ī 8
1. Repetitive Questioning (Istifhām Mukarrar)

Istifhām Mukarrar is a repeated form of questioning in an āyah,
(i.e., َ ۡ َ َ َّ َ ً َ ُ َّ ُ َ َ ) in which a hamzah of istifhām
دٍ هيدي ج هلخ يي هل اهنيءأ اهب ُ اهنك اذيءأ
carries a fatḥah, and the 2nd hamzah carries a kasrah. Al-Kisā-ī
differs from Ḥafṣ in reciting 10 āyāt in the Qur-ān with only 1
question in the 1st position and 1 statement (Ikhbār) at the 2nd
position. In sūrat an-Naml: 67, he adds a nūn in the 2nd
position ) َ َّ (.1-Al-Kisā-ī reads [13: 5[ } َ ۡ َ َ َّ ً َ ُ َّ ُ َ َ {.
ا ن نيإ دٍ يدي ج ٍ لخ يي ل اني إ ابارُ انك اذي إ أ
َ َّ َ ُ ْ َ ْ ْ ُ َ َّ َ *** َ ُ ْ َ ُ ُ َ ْ ْ َ ُ َ َ - 913
لَوأ كُلا مٍ اهفيتسا وذف انيئأ اذيئآ ونَ هماهفيتسا ريرك امو
َ َ ً َ َ َ َّ َ ْ َ *** ً ْ ُ ُ َ ْ َ ْ َّ َ َ َ ُ َ - 938
لَو ادشي ا ر تَأ نِي الثا في وهو ابِي مُ تي وبكنعلا فيي مع دٍ ان عي نودو
َ َ ْ َ ُ ْ َ َ َّ ً ُ ُ َ َ َ *** َ ْ ُ ْ َّ ْ َ ْ َ ُ َ ْ َ ْ َ - 937
لتعا امهنع اننيإ انون هادازو اضي ر نك لي ملْا فيي وهو تي وبكنعلا ىوسي
]17: 49, 98[ }َ ُ ُ ۡ َ َ َّ ً َ ُ َ ً َ َّ ُ َ َ ْ ي ُ َ َ {-1/2
نوثوع بمل انيإ اُافرو اماظعي انك اذي إ أ او لاقو
]23: 82[ }َ ُ ُ ۡ َ َ َّ ً َ َ ً َ ُ َّ ُ َ َ ۡ َ َ ْ ي ُ َ {-1
نوثوع بمل اني إ اماظعي و ابارُ انكو ان تمي اذي إ أ او لاق
]27: 67[ }َ ُ َ ۡ ُ َ َ َّ َ ُ َ َ َ ً َ ُ َّ ُ َ َ ْ ي ُ َ َ َ َّ َ َ َ {-1
نوجر خمل ا ن ني إ آ نؤآ باء و ابارُ انك ا ذي إ أ او رفك ني لي ٱ لاقو
]29: 28, 29[ } َ َ َ ُ ۡ َ َ ْ ُ َّ َ { -}ۡ ُ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ ۡ َ ُ ۡ َ َ ۡ ُ َّ َ {-1
لاجيرلٱ نوُ ألت مكني ئ أ مكقبس ام ةشحي اف لٱ نوُ ألت مكني إ أ
]32: 10[ } َ ۡ َ َ َّ َ ۡ َ ۡ َ َ َ َ ْ ي ُ َ َ {-1
دٍ يدي ج لخ يي ل اني إ ضي رۡلْٱ فيي انللض اذي إ أ اولاقو
َ
]37: 16, 53[ }َ ُ َ َ َّ -9 /}َ ُ ُ ۡ َ َ َّ ً َ َ ً َ ُ َّ ُ َ َ ۡ َ {-4
نونيدي مل اني إ نوثوع بمل اني إ اماظعي و ابارُ انكو ان تمي اذي إ أ
َ
]56: 48[ }َ ُ ُ ۡ َ َ َّ ً َ َ ً َ ُ َّ ُ َ َ ۡ َ َ ُ ُ َ ُ َ َ {-01
نوثوع بمل انيإ اماظعي و ابارُ انكو ان تمي اذي إ أ نولوقي اونكَو
]79: 10, 11[ }ً َ َّ ً َ َّ ُ َ {} َ َۡ َ ُ ُ ۡ َ َ َ َ ُ ُ َ {-00
ةرينَّ اماظعي انك اذيإ ي ةريفا لْٱ فيي نودود رمل اني إ أ نولوقي

Al-Kisā-ī differs from Ḥafṣ in reciting 29: 28 with aquestion.

The Beauty in The Eyes of The Qārī in Qirā-at Al-Kisā-ī 9
1 (A)- Al-Idghām Aṣ-Ŝaghīr

Al-Idghām Al-ṣaghīr occurs when (the mudghām) a sākin letter
precedes a mutaḥarrik letter, so they become one mushadd letter.
This idghām has 3 categories: Mutamāthil-mutajānis-mutaqārib.
This chapter revolves around the idghām of dāl (in qad) into 8
letters, dthāl (of idth) into 6 letters, tā-ut-Ta-nīth into 1 letters and
lām (of hal and bal) into 3 letters and 7 letters, respectively.

َ َ
َ َ ْ َ ْ ْ َ ْ َ ْ َ َ ْ َ َ *** َ َ ُ َ َ ً ْ ْ َ َ َ -258
ليحأ كينهذي يب لتحاف لبو له فيي و ثي نؤم ءٍ اُو اضيأ دق لي اد فيي و
Al-Kisā-ī makes Idghām of dāl (in qad) into 8 letters
َ َ ُ َ ً َ ُ َ ُ ْ َ ٌ َ ْ َ *** َّ َ َ ً ْ ْ َ َ َ ْ َ َ - 767
ليلعمو اقيئاش هابص هتلج بنرز لظ افض ليذ تبحس دق و
َ
َ َّ َّ َ َ َ - َ َ َّ َ َ - َ ۡ َ َّ َ َ َ - َ َ َّ َ َ َ -َ َّ َ : - - - - - - -
ا ن ي ز د ق ل و م ل ظ د ق ف ا ن ب ضّ د ق ل و ا ن أ ر ذ د ق ل و ع مي س د ق ش ص ج ز ظ ض ذ س
َ َ َ َّ َ - َ ۡ َّ َّ َ َ َ - ۡ ٓ َ -
ا ه ف غ ش د ق ا ن ف ص د ق ل و ََّّمَّكَّءاَّج د ق

He makes Idghām of dthāl (in idth) into 5 letters - - - -
س د ص ز ت

لصوُ نم لصاو )×لاجم( مَِّ س اهَ لد *** لاص بُ نيز تشمُ ذإ معن - 753
ي
َ
َ َ ٌ َ ْ َ ُ َ َ ْ َ *** َ َ ُ َ َ ْ َ ُ َ ْ - 764
ل ج فصي او يلي وق اي ر رهظأو اهمي يسن ماود ىرجأ اهراهظيإف
( ُ ُ ۡ َّ () َ ۡ َ َّ - ُ َ َّ ( َ ۡ َ َّ ) ۡ َ َّ -َ َّ َّ () ُ ُ ۡ َّ - ۡ َّ
هو م ت ع مي س ذي إ ت ل خ د ذي إ او ل خ د ذي إ ا ن ف ص ذوَإِ ت غا ز ذوَإِ ن ي ز ذوَإِ ل تّ ذوَإِ شي م ت ذي إ(
He makes iṫĥhār of the dthāl (in idth) with jīm, only.
ج
Al-Kisā-ī makes idghām of the feminine tā into 1 letters
َ َ ً َ ً ُ ُ َ ْ َ *** ْ َ ُ ْ ُ ْ َ َ ْ َ َ َ ْ َ ْ َ َ - 766
لطي لا رطي ع ادراب ادورو نعجم ي همي لظ قر ز تف ص رغث انس ت دبأو
ي ٍ
The Beauty in The Eyes of The Qārī in Qirā-at Al-Kisā-ī 10