The Battle for Central Europe:

580 Pages·2019·23.22 MB·English

by  Pál Fodor

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The Battle for Central Europe
© koninklijke brill nv, leiden, 2019 | doi 10.1163/9789004396234_001
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The Battle

for Central Europe

The Siege of Szigetvár and the Death of
Süleyman the Magnifijicent and Nicholas Zrínyi (1566)
Edited by
Pál Fodor
budapest
LEIDEN | BOSTON
iv
Cover illustration: Melchior Lorck: Süleyman the Magnifijicent (16th century)
and Matthias Zündt: Portrait of Miklós Zrínyi (1566)
The publication of this book was supported by the National Research Development and Innovation
Offfijice (NKFIH) under the project “The Political, Military, and Religious Role of Szigetvár and Turbék
in the Rivaly of the Ottoman and Habsburg Empires and in the Ottoman-Turkish Regime in Hungary
– Facts and Memory” (No. 116270).
This book is a co-publication with he Research Centre for the Humanities of the Hungarian Academy of
Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
ISBN 978-96-34-16145-5
Copyright 2019 Research Centre for the Humanities of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest,
Hungary, except where stated otherwise.
The Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available online at http://catalog.loc.gov
LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2019930442
Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface.
isbn 978-90-04-39622-7 (hardback)
isbn 978-90-04-39623-4 (e-book)
Copyright 2019 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands, except where stated otherwise.
Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhofff, Brill Rodopi,
Brill Sense, Hotei Publishing, mentis Verlag, Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh and Wilhelm Fink Verlag.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise,
without prior written permission from the publisher.
ContentCsontents v
Contents
Preface ix
Pál Fodor
Introduction 1
Pál Fodor
part 1
The Empire of Süleyman the Magnifijicent
Ottoman Politics in the Reign of Sultan Süleyman: Government,
Internal Politics and Imperial Expansion 7
Feridun M. Emecen
Transformation of the Ottoman Empire into a Military-Fiscal State:
Reconsidering the Financing of War from a Global Perspective 21
Erol Özvar
State and Religion, “Sunnitization” and “Confessionalism” in Süleyman’s
Time 65
Tijana Krstić
Law and Legislation under Süleyman I 93
Colin Imber
The Aesthetics of Empire: Arts, Politics and Commerce in the Construction of
Sultan Süleyman’s Magnifijicence 115
Gülru Neciṗ oğlu
part 2
The Empires of Charles V and Ferdinand I of Habsburg
Habsburg Dynastic Politics and Empire Building during Charles V’s
Reign 161
Zoltán Korpás
vi Contents
The Central European Habsburg Monarchy in the Middle of the Sixteenth
Century – Elements of Cohesion and Division 179
István Fazekas
Camerale, Contributionale, Creditors and Crisis: The Finances of the
Habsburg Empire from the Battle of Mohács to the Thirty Year’s War 193
Peter Rauscher
“Clash” or “Go-between”? Habsburg–Ottoman Relations in the Age of
Süleyman (1520–1566) 213
Arno Strohmeyer
Intangible Cultural Exchanges: Christendom’s Eastern Frontier as Seen by
Philip II’s Ambassador Chantonnay (1566) 241
Alfredo Alvar Ezquerra
part 3
The Hungarian Theatre of War in the Age of
Süleyman the Magnifijicent
The Ottoman Conquest in Hungary: Decisive Events (Belgrade 1521, Mohács
1526, Vienna 1529, Buda 1541) and Results 261
János B. Szabó
The Ottoman Conquest and Establishment in Croatia and Slavonia 277
Nenad Moačanin
Ottoman and Habsburg Military Afffairs in the Age of Süleyman the
Magnifijicent 287
Gábor Ágoston
Ottoman Defence System in Hungary 309
Klára Hegyi
Hungary, Vienna and the Defence System against the Ottomans in the Age of
Süleyman 321
Géza Pálfffy
Contents vii
part 4
The Siege of Szigetvár – the Death of Süleyman and Zrínyi
The Hungarian Frontier and Süleyman’s Way to Szigetvár according to
Ottoman Sources 339
Claudia Römer and Nicolas Vatin
Tokaj, 1565: A Habsburg Prize of War, and an Ottoman Casus Belli 359
James D. Tracy
Miklós Zrínyi, Captain-General of Szigetvár (1561–1566) – His Organisational
Activity and Death 377
Szabolcs Varga
The Sieges of Szigetvár and Gyula, 1566 397
József Kelenik
Sigetvarname: A Visual Source of Sultan Süleyman’s Last Campaign 411
Zeynep Tarım
On Süleyman the Magnifijicent’s Death and Burials 427
Nicolas Vatin
part 5
Remembering the Battle for Szigetvár, Süleyman and Zrínyi
and the Search for the Lost Türbe of the Sultan
The Memory of the 1566 Siege of Sziget and of Miklós Zrínyi in Hungarian
Literary Tradition 445
Gábor Tüskés
The Entangled Memory of the Battle of Sziget (1566) in Early Modern
Europe 479
Zsuzsa Barbarics-Hermanik
The Memory of Nicholas IV of Zrin and the Battle of Szigetvár in Croatia and
the Balkans 509
Damir Karbić
viii Contents
The Memory of Szigetvár and Sultan Süleyman in Ottoman/Turkish
Culture 523
Günhan Börekçi
The Pilgrimage Town (Türbe Kasabası) of Sultan Süleyman at Szigetvár  539
Norbert Pap
Index of Personal Names 553
Index of Geographical Names 561
ContentPsreface ix
Preface
This book is the outcome of a conference which was held in Pécs and Szigetvár
(Southern Hungary) on 6–9 September 2016. The scholarly meeting was
convened on the occasion of the 450th anniversary of the siege of Sziget(vár)
and the death of the main actors of the events: the famous Ottoman ruler
Sultan Süleyman I (1494–1566) and the captain of the fortress Nicholas (Hung.
Miklós/Cro. Nikola) Zrínyi (1508–1566). Hence the title of the conference:
“Szigetvár, 1566: Commemorative Conference on the Siege of Szigetvár and the
Death of Süleyman the Magnifijicent and Miklós Zrínyi”. The event was jointly
organised by the Research Centre for the Humanities of the Hungarian
Academy of Sciences and the University of Pécs and it was supported by the
“Miklós Zrínyi – Szigetvár 1566 Commemorative Committee” as well as by the
National Research Development and Innovation Offfijice (NKFIH) under the
project “The Political, Military, and Religious Role of Szigetvár and Turbék in
the Rivalry of the Ottoman and Habsburg Empires and in the Ottoman-Turkish
Regime in Hungary – Facts and Memory” (No. 116270).
It is my glad duty to thank all those colleagues who assisted in organizing
the conference. I would like to mention by name Géza Dávid and Géza Pálfffy,
both of whom greatly helped me in developing the concept of the conference,
as well as Norbert Pap and his team, without whose tireless work the
conference could not have been realized. The support we have received from
the University of Pécs and from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences has been
invaluable, and my thanks go to the University’s rector and the Academy’s
president as well. I am indebted to the Hungarian government and its main
representative in this matter János Hóvári, former ambassador, who, as
president of the Commemorative Committee, has given us his full support
and provided the bulk of the funding. I thank Andy Gane for his invaluable
language editorial assistance. Last but not least, my deepest thanks are due to
the colleagues from the United States, England, France, Spain, Austria,
Croatia, Turkey who took the trouble to travel thousands of miles to deliver
their papers and then submitted the fijinal versions, thereby making this
hopefully thorough and informative volume an integrated whole.
Pál Fodor
Budapest, 23 October 2018