The Battle against Anarchist Terrorism: An International History, 1878–1934

430 Pages·2013·7.506 MB·English

by  Richard Bach Jensen

The Battle against Anarchist Terrorism

This is the first global history of the secret diplomatic and police cam-
paign that was waged against anarchist terrorism from 1878 to the
1920s. Anarchist terrorism was at that time the dominant form of ter-
rorism and for many continued to be synonymous with terrorism as late
as the 1930s. Ranging from Europe and the Americas to the Middle
East and Asia, Richard Bach Jensen explores how anarchist terrorism
emerged as a global phenomenon during the first great era of economic
and social globalization at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of
the twentieth centuries and reveals why some nations were so much
more successful in combating this new threat than others. He shows
how the challenge of dealing with this new form of terrorism led to
the fundamental modernization of policing in many countries and also
discusses its impact on criminology and international law.
RicHARd BAcH JEnsEn is Professor of History at the Louisiana
scholars’ college at northwestern state University. He is a recognized
authority on the repression of anarchist terrorism and has published
widely in the field. His previous publications include Liberty and Order:
The Theory and Practice of Italian Public Security Policy, 1848 to the Crisis
of the 1890s (1991).

The Battle against Anarchist

Terrorism

An International History, 1878–1934
Richard Bach Jensen
University Printing House, cambridge cB2 8Bs, United Kingdom
Published in the United states of America by cambridge University Press,
new York
cambridge University Press is part of the University of cambridge.
it furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of
education, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence.
www.cambridge.org
information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107034051
© Richard Bach Jensen 2014
This publication is in copyright. subject to statutory exception
and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place without the written
permission of cambridge University Press.
First published 2014
Printed in the United Kingdom by cPi Group Ltd, croydon cR0 4YY
A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data
Jensen, Richard Bach.
The battle against anarchist terrorism : an international history, 1878–1934 /
Richard Bach Jensen.
pages cm
includes bibliographical references and index.
isBn 978-1-107-03405-1 (hardback)
1. Anarchism–History. 2. Terrorism–History. 3. Political
violence–History. i. Title.
HX828.J46 2014
363.32509′041–dc23
2013028562
isBn 978-1-107-03405-1 Hardback
cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy
of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication,
and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain,
accurate or appropriate.
dedicated to my father, James Helge Jensen, and to

the memory of my mother, Ruth Bach Jensen

contents

List of illustrations page viii
List of abbreviations x
Foreword by David C. Rapoport xii
Preface xvii
introduction 1
1 The origins of anarchist terrorism 6
2 conspiracies, panics, agents provocateurs, mass
journalism, and globalization 37
3 international action against subversives: 1815–1889 62
4 The terrorist 1890s and increasing police cooperation:
1890–1898 75
5 The first international conference on terrorism: Rome
1898 131
6 1900: three assassination attempts and the Russo-
German anti-anarchist initiative 185
7 The murder of President McKinley, 1901 237
8 The st. Petersburg Protocol, 1901–1904 259
9 Multilateral anti-anarchist efforts after 1904 295
10 The decline of anarchist terrorism, 1900–1930s 341
Appendix A: The Final Act of the Anti-Anarchist
Conference of Rome, 1898 366
Appendix B: St. Petersburg Protocol, 1/14 March 1904 372
Select bibliography 377
Index 402
vii
illustrations

1 count Gustav von Kálnoky, Austro-Hungarian minister
of foreign affairs, 1881–1895. source: Wikimedia
commons. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/
File%3AK%c3%A1lnoky_Guszt%c3%A1v_1898–8.jpg page 96
2 The assassination of the Empress Elisabeth of Austria
as reported by the old journalism. The New York Times,
september 11, 1898. 133
3 The assassination of the Empress Elisabeth of Austria
as reported by the new journalism. New York Journal,
september 10, 1898. 134
4 The assassination of the Empress Elisabeth of Austria
as reported by the new journalism. New York Journal,
september 11, 1898. 135
5 count Agenor Maria Goluchowski, Austro-Hungarian
minister of foreign affairs, 1895–1906, and covert father of
the Rome Anti-Anarchist conference of 1898. 144
6 Palazzo corsini alla Lungara, Rome. site of the
Anti-Anarchist conference of 1898. source: Lalupa,
Wikimedia commons http://commons.wikimedia.
org/wiki/File:3ATrastevere_-_Palazzo_corsini_alla_
Lungara_1040126.JPG 154
7 sir charles Edward Howard Vincent, first director of
scotland Yard’s criminal investigation department,
and initiator of the secret meetings between police
representatives held at the 1898 Rome Anti-Anarchist
conference. 155
8 The anarchist menace as it appeared in the aftermath
of the assassination of italian King Umberto i. New York
Herald, August 1, 1900. 164
9 The complex security system for Emperor Franz Joseph
during his trips from the Hofburg Palace to schönbrunn.
viii