The Barbarians Speak: How the Conquered Peoples Shaped Roman Europe

352 Pages·2021·31.112 MB·English

by  Peter S. Wells

The Barbarians Speak

The Barbarians Speak
HOW THE CONQUERED PEOPLES
SHAPED ROMAN EUROPE
#
PETER S. WELLS
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS
PRINCETON AND OXFORD
Copyright © 1999 by Princeton University Press
Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street,
Princeton, New Jersey 08540
In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press,
3 Market Place, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1SY
All Rights Reserved
Third printing, and first paperback printing, 2001
Paperback ISBN 0-691-08978-7
The Library of Congress has cataloged the cloth edition
of this book as follows
Wells, Peter S.
The barbarians speak : how the conquered peoples
shaped Roman Europe / Peter S. Wells.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-691-05871-7 (cl. : alk. paper)
1. Rome—Provinces. 2. Romans—Europe.
3. Germanic peoples—Europe—Influence.
I. Title.
DG59.E8W45 1999
936—dc21 99-12193
British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available
This book has been composed in Baskerville
Printed on acid-free paper. °°
www.pup.princeton.edu
Printed in the United States of America
5 7 9 10 8 6
ISBN-13: 978-0-691-08978-2 (pbk.)
ISBN-10: 0-691-08978-7 (pbk.)
# Contents
List of Figures and Tables vii
Preface ix
Acknowledgments xi
CHAPTER 1
Natives and Romans 3
CHAPTER 2
Europe before the Roman Conquests 28
CHAPTER 3
Iron Age Urbanization 48
CHAPTER 4
The Roman Conquests 64
CHAPTER 5
Identities and Perceptions 99
CHAPTER 6
Development of the Frontier Zone 122
CHAPTER 7
Persistence of Tradition 148
CHAPTER 8
Town, Country, and Change 171
CHAPTER 9
Transformation into New Societies 187
CHAPTER 10
Impact across the Frontier 224
CHAPTER 11
Conclusion 259
Glossary 267
Greek and Roman Authors 269
Bibliographic Essay 271
CONTENTS
Bibliography of Works Cited 287
Index 331
* List of Figures and Tables *
FIGURES
1. Map of Roman provinces in temperate Europe 5
2. Map of region of concern in this book 7
3. Map of principal sites mentioned in chapters 2 and 3 29
4. Plan of Hochdorf grave 40
5. Reconstruction of Hochdorf grave 41
6. Map of oppida 50
7. Map of Manching 51
8. Celtic coins from Kelheim 55
9. Reconstruction of Clemency burial 61
10. Map of places mentioned in chapters 4 and 5 66
11. Photograph of Marcus Caelius gravestone 68
12. Map of tribal groups 71
13. Chronological chart of Late Iron Age 79
14. Roman coins portraying victories over Celts 106
15. Maps of Celtic and Germanic languages 110
16. Map of La Tene and Jastorf regions 115
17. Map of places mentioned in chapters 6, 7, and 8 123
18. Photograph of Porta Nigra 130
19. Bronze ornaments worn by Roman soldiers 144
20. Reconstruction of Roman burial ceremony 160
21. Plan of Empel sanctuary 165
22. Fibulae recovered at Empel 166
23. Bronze plaque bearing inscription to Hercules Magusenus 167
24. Bronze statue of Hercules 168
25. Objects from Kempten, Grave 49 183
26. Sculpture of mother goddesses 186
27. Map of places mentioned in chapters 9, 10, and 11 188
28. Bronze openwork ornaments and trumpet fibulae 199
29. Vessels of Raetian Ware 202
30. Plan of villa at Bondorf 203
31. Plan of Roman Cologne 206
32. Plan of Ergolding cemetery 211
33. Objects from Ergolding, Grave 26 213
34. Reconstruction of Gallo-Roman temple at Faimingen 216
35. Jupiter-giant column at Hausen 219
36. Objects from Musov grave 237
37. Reconstruction of Marwedel, Grave 1 241
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LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES
38. Vessels from Marwedel, Grave 1 242
39. Objects from Marwedel, Grave 1 243
40. Roman dagger from Hedegard 248
41. Reconstruction of ornate scabbard 249
42. Reconstruction of hall at Gudme 251
43. Silver fibula from Himling0je 253
44. Swords from Vimose weapon deposit 254
45. Map of tribal confederations, third century A.D. 262
TABLES
Table 1. Summary chronological overview of Europe 11
Table 2. Important historical dates in Roman Europe 65
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