The Bank Analyst’s Handbook Money, risk and conjuring tricks Stephen M Frost The Bank Analyst’s Handbook The Bank Analyst’s Handbook Money, risk and conjuring tricks Stephen M Frost Copyright(cid:1)C 2004 JohnWiley&SonsLtd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester, WestSussexPO198SQ,England Telephone (+44)1243779777 E-mail(forordersandcustomerserviceenquiries):[email protected] VisitourHomePageonwww.wileyeurope.comorwww.wiley.com AllRightsReserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystemor transmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,scanningor otherwise,exceptunderthetermsoftheCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988orunderthetermsofa licenceissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgencyLtd,90TottenhamCourtRoad,LondonW1T4LP,UK, withoutthepermissioninwritingofthePublisher.RequeststothePublishershouldbeaddressedtothe PermissionsDepartment,JohnWiley&SonsLtd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex PO198SQ,England,[email protected],orfaxedto(+44)1243770620. Thispublicationisdesignedtoprovideaccurateandauthoritativeinformationinregardtothesubject mattercovered.ItissoldontheunderstandingthatthePublisherisnotengagedinrenderingprofessional services.Ifprofessionaladviceorotherexpertassistanceisrequired,theservicesofacompetent professionalshouldbesought. OtherWileyEditorialOffices JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030,USA Jossey-Bass,989MarketStreet,SanFrancisco,CA94103-1741,USA Wiley-VCHVerlagGmbH,Boschstr.12,D-69469Weinheim,Germany JohnWiley&SonsAustraliaLtd,33ParkRoad,Milton,Queensland4064,Australia JohnWiley&Sons(Asia)PteLtd,2ClementiLoop#02-01,JinXingDistripark, Singapore129809 JohnWiley&SonsCanadaLtd,22WorcesterRoad,Etobicoke,Ontario,CanadaM9W1L1 Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprintmay notbeavailableinelectronicbooks. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Frost,StephenM. Thebankanalyst’shandbook:money,risk,andconjuringtricks/StephenM.Frost. p. cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN0-470-09118-5(alk.paper) 1.Banksandbanking. I.Title. HG1601.F762004 332.1–dc22 2004002790 BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary ISBN0-470-09118-5 Typesetin10/12ptTimesbyTechBooks,NewDelhi,India PrintedandboundinGreatBritainbyMPGLimited,Bodmin,Cornwall Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaperresponsiblymanufacturedfromsustainableforestry inwhichatleasttwotreesareplantedforeachoneusedforpaperproduction. For my children Natasha, Thomas and Juliet Contents Foreword ix Acknowledgements xiii Prologue xv PartI FinancialSystems 1 1 SecuritiesMarketsandFinancialIntermediation 3 2 IntroductiontoSecuritiesValuations 27 3 CentralBanksandtheCreationofMoney 47 PartII TheSpreadBusiness 69 4 DepositTakingandOtherFunding 71 5 CorporateLending 83 6 OperationalServices 99 7 MortgageLending 107 8 CreditCardsandOtherRetailLoans 117 PartIII RiskManagement 129 9 TheControlsCycle 131 10 ManagingInterestRateandFXRisk 139 11 Trading 159 12 ManagingMarketRisk 181 13 ManagingCreditRisk 201 14 CapitalManagement 227 PartIV CapitalMarkets 253 15 FundManagement 255 16 StockandBondIssuanceandBrokerage 285 17 Securitization 307 PartV BankValuationsandAcquisitions 319 18 BankValuations 321 19 BankAcquisitions 349 PartVI ProblemLoansandBankingCrises 367 20 CorporateFailuresandProblemLoans 369 21 BankingCrises 387 22 DealingwithandValuingInsolventBanks 405 PartVII SupervisionandFinancialStatements 417 23 Regulation,SupervisionandPolicing 419 24 TheBalanceSheet 435 25 TheIncomeStatement 451 vii
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