the balkan wars according to the pravda newspaper a thesis submitted to the graduate school of ...

179 Pages·2012·1.39 MB·English

THE BALKAN WARS

ACCORDING TO THE

PRAVDA NEWSPAPER

A THESIS SUBMITTED TO
THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
OF
MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

BY

LEVENT ŞARLAK

SEPTEMBER 2012
Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences

……………………………..
Prof. Dr. Meliha Altunışık
Director

I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of
Master of Arts.

..…………………………..
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pınar Akçalı
Head of Department

This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully
adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts.

....…………………………..
Prof. Dr. Ömer Turan
Supervisor

Examining Committee Members

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Şen (METU, SOC) …………………

Prof. Dr.Ömer Turan (METU, HIST) ……………….. .

Assoc. Prof. Dr.S. Hakan Kırımlı (BİLKENT, IR ) ………………
I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and
presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare
that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced
all material and results that are not original to this work.

Name, Last name :

Signature :

iii
ABSTRACT

THE BALKAN WARS ACCORDING TO THE PRAVDA NEWSPAPER
Şarlak, Levent
Department of Eurasian Studies
Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ömer Turan
September 2012, 169 pages

This thesis has examined the Bolshevik newspaper, Pravda, which began its
broadcasting life in April 1912, for the period of the Balkan Wars from October 1912
to October 1913. The objectives of this study are to present and examine the position
towards the Balkan Wars of a political group, which viewed the world and the
Ottoman Empire from a different angle than the traditional Russian political position
of the time, and would seize the power only five years later in Russia.

Keywords : The Balkan Wars, Pravda Newspaper, Panslavism

iv
ÖZ

PRAVDA GAZETESİ‟NE GÖRE BALKAN SAVAŞLARI

Şarlak, Levent
Avrasya Çalışmaları
Danışman: Prof. Dr. Ömer Turan
Eylül 2012, 169 sayfa

Bu tez çalışmasında, yayın hayatına 1912 Nisan ayında başlayan Bolşeviklerin
gazetesi Pravda, Balkan Savaşları‟nın vuku bulduğu 1912 Ekim-1913 Ekim arası
dönemde taranmıştır. Bu çalışmada amaç, dönemin geleneksel Rus siyasi çizgisinden
farklı bir çerçeveden dünyaya ve Osmanlı İmparatorluğu‟na bakan ve beş yıl sonra
Rusya‟da iktidara gelecek bir siyasi grubun Balkan Savaşları‟nı nasıl baktığının
ortaya konulması ve tahlil edilmesidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Balkan Savaşları, Pravda Gazetesi, Panslavizm
v
To My Family

vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I owe a debt of gratitude to dear Olga Degtaryova, who helped in the process of
obtaining the main source of this thesis, the Pravda Newspaper, from the St.
Petersburg National Library.

I owe many thanks to dear Ayhan Tosuner and dear Çağlar Dölek, who have
contributed to the development of the thesis by reading the former drafts of the entire
text and providing me with significant suggestions and evaluations.

In fact, in 2011, I had lost my hopes for accomplishing the master‟s program in
Eurasian Studies, which I had begun in 2002. When I made a welcome visit to
Professor Dr. Ömer Turan in September 2011 when he came from the US back, he
asked me about my thesis studies. I told him that I did not finish the thesis studies
and did not even know what I would do. At that moment, he undertook the
responsibility of being my thesis supervisor, and guided me towards such a research
agenda. He has always instructed me with his knowledge and experience in all the
stages of the thesis research. Therefore, I would like to express my gratitude towards
dear Professor Dr. Ömer Turan, who has in fact made it possible for me to finalize
this thesis.

I would like to state that I cannot find a word to express my appreciation to my
precious wife Jenya Şarlak. In addition to the responsibility of two little children, she
has contributed to all the stages of the thesis research with her knowledge and labour,
and by helping me in the translation of the Russian texts for the long sleepless nights.
Last but not the least, I would like to thank my son Balkan Deniz and my daughter
Defne Şarlak, whose time I wasted for months due to the thesis research, for their
little reproaching to their father.

vii
ABBREVIATIONS
ANKurat Panslavizm - Akdes Nimet Kurat, “Panslavizm”, Ankara Üniversitesi
DTCF Dergisi, C:2 Sayı 2-4 (Haziran-Eylül-Aralık), 1953
ANKurat Rusya- Akdes Nimet Kurat, Rusya Tarihi Başlangıçtan 1917‟ye Kadar,
TTK Basımevi, 3rd. Edition, Ankara, 1993
ANKurat T&R- Akdes Nimet Kurat, Türkiye ve Rusya, Kültür Bakanlığı Yayınları,
Ankara, 1990
Bayur C2K1 - Yusuf Hikmet Bayur, Türk İnkılabı Tarihi, Cilt:2 Kısım: 1, Türk
Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, Ankara, 1991
Bayur C2K2- Yusuf Hikmet Bayur, Türk İnkılabı Tarihi, Cilt:2 Kısım: II, Türk
Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, Ankara, 1991
Bolsover 1914- G.H. Bolsover, 1815-1914 Arasında Rus Dış Politikasına Bir Bakış,
Tercüme: Yuluğ Tekin Kurat, Belleten, Cilt XXX, Sayı 118 Nisan 1966‟dan
ayrıbasım, TTK Basımevi, Ankara, 1966
Bolsover-Nik - G.H. Bolsover “1. Nikola ve Türkiye‟nin Paylaşılması Meselesi”,
Çeviren: Yuluğ Tekin Kurat, DTCF Dergisi, Cilt: 23, Sayı:3-4, 1965
C&B Jelavich- Charles & Barbara Jelavich, The Balkans, Prentice-Hall Inc., New
Jersey, 1965
Koloğlu SE - Orhan Koloğlu, Osmanlı-İtalyan Libya Savaşında İttihatçılar,
Masonlar ve Sosyalist Enternasyonal, Ümit Yayıncılık, Ankara, 1999
MŞP - Mahmut Şevket Paşa-Hafız Hakkı Paşa, Rumeli Yağmalanan İmparatorluk,
Örgün Yayınevi, İstanbul, 2009
Talat- Talat Paşa‟nın Hatıraları, Baskıya Hazırlayan: Mehmet Kasım, Say Yayınları,
İstanbul, 1986
YTKurat Diplomasi- Yuluğ Tekin Kurat, “XIX. Yüzyıl‟da Rusya‟nın
Balkanlar‟daki Panslavizm ve Panortodoksluk Politikası Karşısında Osmanlı
Diplomasisi”, Çağdaş Türk Diplomasisi 200 Yıllık Süreç (Ankara 15-17 Ekim 1997)
Sempozyuma Sunulan Tebliğler, TTK Basımevi, Ankara, 1999
YTKurat Osmanlı- Yuluğ Tekin Kurat, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu‟nun Paylaşılması,
Turhan Kitabevi, Ankara, 1986
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PLAGIARISM.............................................................................................................iii

ABSTRACT................................................................................................................iv

ÖZ............................................................................... .................................................v

DEDICATION............................................................................................................vi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS........................................... ...........................................vii

ABBREVIATIONS..................................................................................................viii

CHAPTER

1.INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................1

2.THE TURKISH-RUSSIAN RELATIONS UNTIL THE BALKAN WARS...........6

2.1 The Turkish-Russian Relations in the 19th Century 8

2.2 The Balkan Policy of Russia 19

3.RUSSIA AND THE PRAVDA NEWSPAPER BEFORE THE BALKAN
WARS.........................................................................................................................26

3.1 Russia before the Balkan Wars 26

3.2 The Pravda Newspaper 32

4.POLITICAL POSITION OF PRAVDA TOWARDS THE BALKAN WARS...42

4.1 The Balkan Wars 43

4.1.1 The First Balkan War 45

4.1.2 The Second Balkan War 50

ix
4.1.3 The Debates over Federation in the Balkans during the War 58

4.2. The Austria Hungarian Empire and Panslavism 63

4.2.1. The Question of Serbia‟s Access to the Sea 65

4.2.2. The Shkodra Question . 68

4.3. The Attitudes of the European States during the Balkan Wars ... 72

4.3.1. The European Diplomacy 72

4.3.2. The European Capital 77

5.RUSSIA AND PANSLAVISM IN PRAVDA DURING THE BALKAN
WARS.........................................................................................................................83

5.1. The Russian Policy during the Balkan Wars 84

5.2. Panslavism in Russia during the War 103

6.THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE IN PRAVDA 113

6.1. The Internal Developments in the Ottoman Empire from the Beginning of the
Balkan War to the Raid on the Sublime Porte 114

6.2. The Raid on the Sublime Porte and the Subsequent Developments in the
Ottoman Empire 126

6.3. The News on the Massacres against the Turks 134

6.4. The News on Edirne 139

6.5. The Young Turks 150

7.CONCLUSION 157

BIBLIOGRAPHY . 161

APPENDIX: TEZ FOTOKOPİSİ İZİN FORMU.....................................................169

x