The A–Z of Death and Dying: Social, Medical, and Cultural Aspects PDF
Preview The A–Z of Death and Dying: Social, Medical, and Cultural Aspects
The A–Z of Death and Dying This page intentionally left blank The A–Z of Death and Dying Social, Medical, and Cultural Aspects MICHAEL BRENNAN, EDITOR Copyright 2014 by ABC-CLIO, LLC All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The A–Z of death and dying : social, medical, and cultural aspects / Michael Brennan, editor. pages cm Includes index. ISBN 978-1-4408-0343-7 ( hardback : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-4408-0344-4 (ebook) 1. Thanatology—Encyclopedias. 2. Death—Encyclopedias. I. Brennan, Michael, 1973 April 17– HQ1073.A22 2014 306.9—dc23 2013033528 ISBN: 978-1-4408-0343-7 EISBN: 978-1-4408-0344-4 18 17 16 15 14 1 2 3 4 5 This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an eBook. Visit www.abc-clio.com for details. Greenwood An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC ABC-CLIO, LLC 130 Cremona Drive, P.O. Box 1911 Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911 This book is printed on acid-free paper Manufactured in the United States of America Contents Acknowledgments xi Introduction xiii The Contributors xvii Entries A–Z Abortion 1 Accidental Death 4 Active Dying 5 ADEC ( Association for Death Education and Counseling ) 6 Adolescents 6 Advance Directives 10 African Americans 12 Afterlife Beliefs 16 Aging 19 Alcohol 23 Alzheimer’s Disease 25 American Indians 27 Ancestor Worship 31 Angels 33 Animism 34 Anthropology 35 Apocalypse 37 Archaeology 38 Ariès, Philippe 41 Ars Moriendi 44 Art and Literature 45 Assassination 47 Autoerotic Asphyxia 50 Autopsy 52 Awareness Contexts 53 vi CONTENTS Banshees 55 Bereavement 56 Bioethics 60 Body Disposal 63 Body Worlds Exhibition 64 Buddhism 66 Burial 68 Cadavers 72 Cancer 74 Cannibalism 76 Capital Punishment 77 Cardiovascular Disease 80 Catholicism 82 Cause of Death 84 Cemeteries 86 Charnel Houses 91 Children 92 Christianity 96 Cloning 98 Condolence (and Condolence Books) 101 Confucianism 103 Continuing Bonds 104 Coroner/Medical Examiner 107 Cremains 110 Cremation 111 Cryonics 116 Cults 118 Curses 121 Cyberspace 122 Dance of Death 127 Dark Tourism 128 Databases 131 Day of the Dead 133 Death Anxiety 135 Death Awareness Movement 138 Death Certifi cation 140 CONTENTS vii Death Denial 142 Death Education 145 Death Mask 148 Death Notifi cation 150 Death Obsession 151 Deathbed Scene 154 Defi nitions of Death 156 Devil 159 Dignitas 160 Disasters 161 Disease 166 Domestic Violence 169 Drugs 171 Dying Trajectory 173 Eating Disorders 175 Elegy 179 Embalming 181 Epidemics and Plagues 184 Epidemiology 186 Epitaphs 188 Estates 190 Eulogy 191 Euphemisms 192 Euthanasia 194 Exhumation 198 Existentialism 200 Facebook 202 Familicide 204 Famine 206 Forensic Science 208 Freud, Sigmund 210 Funeral Director 213 Funeral Industry 215 Funerals 217 Gender 221 Genocide 224 viii CONTENTS Ghosts 227 Good Death 229 Grave Robbing 231 Green Burials 233 Grief 234 Grief Counseling 239 Health Promotion 243 Hearse 245 Heaven 246 Hell 247 Hinduism 249 HIV/AIDS 251 Holocaust 254 Homicide 257 Honor Killings 260 Hospice Movement 261 Humor 263 Images of Death 266 Immortality 267 Infant Mortality 271 Infanticide 274 Informed Consent 276 Islam 277 Jihad 280 Judaism 281 Kevorkian, Jack 285 Kübler-Ross, Elisabeth 286 Life Expectancy 289 Life Support Therapies 293 Make-A-Wish Foundation 297 Martyrs 297 Media and Death 299 Medicalization 302 Megadeath 304 Memento Mori 307 Memorial Day 308 Memorial Tattoos 311 CONTENTS ix Memorials and Memorialization 312 Monuments 315 Mortality Rates 317 Mortuary Science 321 Mourning 323 Near-Death Experiences 328 Near-to-Death Experiences 330 Necrophilia 332 Obituary 334 Organ Donation/Transplantation 336 Oscar the Cat 339 Palliative Care 341 Perinatal Death 343 Pets 346 Philosophy 348 Photography 350 Physician-Assisted Suicide 352 Popular Culture 355 Protestantism 358 Psychology 360 Public Dying 362 Public Mourning 364 Purgatory 368 Reincarnation 370 Religion 372 Right-to-Die Movement 374 Rigor Mortis 376 School Shootings 378 Sex and Death 382 Social Class 383 Social Death 386 Sociology 386 Spirituality 390 Spontaneous Shrines/Roadside Memorials 391 Sudden Infant Death Syndrome 393 Suicide 395 Suicide Prevention and Postvention 400
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