The Automobile Revolution: Towards a New Electro-Mobility Paradigm

148 Pages·2017·2.531 MB·English

by  Danielle Attias (eds.)

Danielle Attias Editor
The
Automobile
Revolution
Towards a New Electro-Mobility
Paradigm
The Automobile Revolution
Danielle Attias
Editor
The Automobile Revolution
Towards a New Electro-Mobility Paradigm
123
Editor
Danielle Attias
Laboratoire GenieIndustriel,
CentraleSupélec
UniversitéParis-Saclay
Chatenay-Malabry
France
ISBN978-3-319-45837-3 ISBN978-3-319-45838-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-45838-0
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016952508
©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2017
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Preface
Electro mobility is a general global trend, since it corresponds to converging
expectationsregardingtheenvironmentandsocietyatthesametimeasinstitutions,
communitiesandcompaniesundergoadigitaltransformation.Electricvehicleswill
be connected vehicles, once again due to the increasingly clear convergence
between information and energy networks, opening the way towards shared
objectives of autonomy, reliability and security.
It is already obvious that the new generation of electric vehicles cannot be
devised, designed and manufactured in the same way as conventional electrified
vehicles, not least because the current revolution in terms of how we perceive
vehicles and their new uses requires a totally new approach to electric vehicles’
architecture, structure, modularity and operation and their interactions with the
outside world, until they gradually become autonomous.
Atthesametime,carmakersarefacingrapidtechnologicalchange,especiallyin
terms of equipment, energy storage, broadband communications and artificial
intelligence, sometimes within time frames that are much shorter than the duration
of a project. As a result, they have to design upgradeable electric cars capable of
easily integrating new physical and software technologies. Innovation therefore
becomes crucial to compete with other carmakers, as well as with “new entrants”
from the domain of information technology.
It goes without saying that for traditional carmakers, which have nevertheless
experienced one or several industrial revolutions including the arrival of robots in
their factories, the current revolution is totally different. This is partly because it
callsintoquestiontheactualpurposeoftheirproductionaswellastheirpositioning
inmobilityvaluechains,whereservicesarelikelytoincreasinglyrepresentalarger
share than products.
New economic models for electro mobility are emerging; major changes are
taking place in the car industry, with a rising proportion of mobility service
activities. What will the car of the future be like? Hybrid, intelligent, autonomous,
driverless, but without doubt a shared car for user communities whose primary
requirementsaretime,securityandtravelcomfort.Cantheautonomouscarmeetall
of these challenges? Clearly, carmakers will need to outsource information and
v
vi Preface
communication activities to increase their companies’ in-house flexibility and
agility. This is because it is vital to create the conditions for fostering collective
intelligence and to form a learning/unlearning hotbed to stimulate innovation. For
traditionalcarmakers,thefuturewillinvolveamobilityrevolutioncombinedwitha
cultural revolution of the entire automotive industry. However, carmakers should
retain their own, clearly defined identity as they set out to tackle these new
challenges.
In my view, the work presented in this publication makes a pertinent contri-
bution to the debate and thinking process behind the current revolution.
Paris, France Sylvain Allano
Acknowledgments
ThisbookistheresultofresearchcarriedoutoverseveralyearswithintheArmand
Peugeot Research Chair. I would like to thank Mr. Sylvain Allano, Chief Scientist
for Future Technologies at PSA Peugeot-Citroën, for his expertise, his confidence
and his precious help to continue our work, to Mr. Jean-Marc Mousset, Head of
Industrial Academy and Training Projects, for his enlightening points of view and
his requirement from us ‘to outperform’, and also to all those teams of PSA
Peugeot-Citroën for the time they spent with us, helping us through fruitful
exchanges and enriching our knowledge.
My gratitude also goes to Hakim Idjis, Researcher atthe Industrial Engineering
Laboratory at CentraleSupélec, who helped by his invaluable assistance in this
writing project.
vii
Contents
1 Introduction... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 1
Danielle Attias
Part I The Emergence of a New Mobility Paradigm
2 The Automobile World in a State of Change . .... .... ..... .... 7
Danielle Attias
3 The New Mobility Paradigm. Transformation of Value
Chain and Value Proposition Through Innovations.... ..... .... 21
Guy Fournier
4 How Public Policies Can Pave the Way for
a New Sustainable Urban Mobility? .... .... .... .... ..... .... 49
Danielle Attias and Sylvie Mira-Bonnardel
Part II A Mobility Revolution at the Dawn of a Societal Revolution
5 Extending the Scope of Partnerships in the Automotive
Industry Between Competition and Cooperation .. .... ..... .... 69
Danielle Attias and Sylvie Mira-Bonnardel
6 Smart Cities and Smart Mobilities.. .... .... .... .... ..... .... 87
Patrice Geoffron
7 The Autonomous Car, a Disruptive Business Model?... ..... .... 99
Danielle Attias
PartIII TechnicalChallengestoOvercomeTowardsElectromobility
8 Is Electric Vehicles Battery Recovery
a Source of Cost or Profit?.... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 117
Hakim Idjis and Pascal da Costa
ix
x Contents
9 Transmission System Operator Regulation for Electric
Vehicle Fleets: A Survey of the Issues... .... .... .... ..... .... 135
Yannick Perez and Marc Petit
10 Conclusion.... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 147
Danielle Attias
Chapter 1
Introduction
Danielle Attias
Of one thing we can be certain: the evolution towards electro mobility will be a
revolution. Imagining the mobility needs of tomorrow means taking into account
multiple factors regarding energy, the environment, socio-economics, politics and
technology, in a context of social transformation that stretches far beyond the
automotive industry.
Thereareoftencontradictoryhypothesesthatattempttoexplaintheevolutionof
mobility over the next 20 years. Technological and economic uncertainties aside,
themostwidelyacceptedclaimisthatthedevelopmentofelectromobilitywillnot
only cause a complete disruption of urban mobility services for the movement of
users, but also a change in behavior and the positions of the different players
(manufacturers, energy companies, computer scientists and public authorities).
Far from wanting to pretend to answer all these questions which we do not yet
measuretheextent,wehavechosentoleadamultidisciplinaryreflectionthatallows
us to highlight different issues related to various disciplines. Economics, manage-
ment science, social sciences and engineering sciences are summoned in this book
inordertoenlightenthisnewconceptofelectromobility.Thisbookisorganizedin
three main parts.
Thefirstpartofthisbookquestionstheemergenceofanewmobilityparadigm.
What are the signs which highlight this disruption? How do we analyze the
upheavaloftheautomotiveindustryandwhydoestheautonomouscarappearnow?
What will be the place of each actor and newcomers in the transformation of the
valuechain?Whydoesthegovernmentinvestworldwidethisnewfieldofmobility
and what are the economic, social and financial implications of their actions?
D.Attias(&)
IndustrialEngineeringResearchDepartment/LaboratoireGénieIndustriel,
CentraleSupélec,UniversitéParis-Saclay,GrandeVoiedesVignes,92290
Chatenay-Malabry,France
e-mail:[email protected]
©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2017 1
D.Attias(ed.),TheAutomobileRevolution,DOI10.1007/978-3-319-45838-0_1