The Autobiography of Mother Jones

161 Pages·1996·8.07 MB·English

by  Mother Jones

1\
LABOHRI STOBRIYO;G RAPHY > THE AUTOBIOGRAPHYO F
"Noo new hoh earhde ro rs awh erf orghoetr A.n dn oo new hor eadtsh ibso ok �
wilflo rgheetr ." -fromt hFeo rewbyo Mrerdi deLle Sueur � MOTHER
"MotheJro nes never oqrranu aaiwlaeyHd.e rd eecpo nvictainodfn esa rless soul
0
alwaydsr ewh ert os eekt hes pot whtehrefie g htw ash otteasntdt hed anger
greatest." -fromt hIen trodbuyCc ltarieonDncae r row t=
I-ooC
THE MOST DANGEROUS
0 JONES
WOMA N IN AME RICA �
�
Thatw'hsa t emplaonydep rosl iticians calJloende Bsu.Mt or tehbeerl ­
liouwso rkimnegn a ndw omenl ovehde ra st hehya vnee velro veadn yone "'C
else, boerfs oirnecT eo.d aym oret haenv etrh ose awrheso t ruggfloirn g
==
a trulfyr eseo cieatryei nspibryeh de re xemplacroyu raagned d evotion
tot hec ausoef s olidaarnidtf yer edom. �
In thicsl asswiocr ko fA mericnaonn ficttihoeng reatleasbtoo rr ganizer
�
inU .Shi.s todreyt ahielrts h ree-quartefirg-hcfteo nlrta ubr'oysrl iberation,
andh eru nswervbienlgii enif n dustrial ausnt ihokene iys tmth oas tt ruggle.
In steerla,i lroamde.tianmlgi ,n intge,x tialnedas b ovael tlh ceo ailn dustry, �
MotheJro nefso ughatl ongssitdrei keIrnso .n ec ompantyo wna fter
another-towwhenrse o fficiablrsa ggtedh anto te venJ esuwso ulbde 0
allowteods aya wordo nl aborb'esh alf-MotJhoenre wsa sh eard. �
Heret ooi st hee xcitsitnogr oyfh erc rusaadgea incshti llda bohre,r
==
innovateifvfeot roto sr ganize working women, ihnce or uretx periences
j �
andi na ila,n dh erd arinign volvemientn hte M exicaRne volution.
�
MotheJro nelsi'v enlayr rative-peavgeberr yi stlwiinthghe rc harac­
terishtuimco ri,n dignaatnidou nn commosne nse-ai msa sterpioefc e
�
Americarna dicalism. 0
Thiasb undanitlllyu stnreawte eddi tiionnc lumdaensy v aluasbulpep le­
2
mentIsn.a newF orewoMredr idLeSeule ur vividlrye cahlelrs1 91me4e t­
�
ingw itMho theJro nerwsw. historFiraenTd h ompsonA'ftse rwoprrdo ­
videuss efubla ckgroaunndfid l lisni mportgaanptis n M other Josnteosr'y . ("Jj
Alsoi ncludaerdea MotheJro neasr ticle 1f9r0o1am, t ribubtyGe e ne
Debs, healnpnfoutla ttioot nhset exat ,f ulbli bliograanpdah nyi ndex.
"This biosoa k g reapti ecoef w orkingclliatseusrr aet-indeietid s,p robably
them ostr eadabbloeo ki nt hew holfiee ldo fA merican lhaibsotro ry."
-fromt hAeft erwboyFr rded T hompson
FIRSTP ERSON SERIES
CharlH.eK se rPru blishCionmgp any
Es.tgbli1s8h8e6d IKJ
KERR CHARLEHS. K ERR LABORC LASSICS
Therea ren o limits
tow hichp owerso fp rivilweigllen otg o
tok eept hew orkerisn s lavery.
* * *
THEA UTOBIOGRAPHY OF
MOTHER Prayf ort hed ead
andf ighlti khee lflo rt hel iving!
JONES * * *
I askead man inp risoonn ce
how he happenetdo b e there
andh e saihde h ads tolean p aiorf s hoes.
* I tolhdi mi fh e hads tolean r ailroad
* DEDICATION * he wouldb e a UniteSdt ateSse nator.
* * *
Thiesd itoifoT nh eA utobiogroafMp ohtyh eJro neiss
dedicatetod t hmien erosf W esVti rginiVai,r giannida I havea lwayasd visemde n tor ead.
Kentucwkyh ow eroen s triakeg aiPnsitt tsCtooanil n Allm y lifIeh avet oltdh emt os tudy
1989-t9o0t ;h e" DaughtoefrM so theJro nesw"h o thew orkso ft hosger eaatu thors
emergeind thceo urosfet hihsi stosrtircu gagnldeto ; who haveb eeni nterested
inm akingt hiwso rlda happieprl ace
thmea nyt housaonfdo st hewro rkewrhso j ointheed
for thwohsoe do itdsr udgery.
strikmiinnge rssi't -ibnlso,c kaadnedso thedri rect
actioTnhse.ib ro ldneansdsb raveinr dye fenosfte h e * * •
wholwoer kincgl aissts h bee sptr ootfh atth fei ghting My addresissl ikmey shoesi:tt ravewlist hm e.
spiroifMt o theJro nelsi veosnt oday, I abidweh eret heries a fighatg ainwsrto ng.
andi sr eadfyo rt omorrow. * * *
Thef uturiesi nl abors'tsr onrgo,u ghh ands.
CharHl.eKe sr rP ublisChoipmnagn y
Janua1ry 996 MOTHEJRO NES
FIRSTP ERSONS ERIES
NumbTherree
Mary Harris Jones
THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF
MOTHER]ONES
Editebdy MaryF ielPda rton
Foreworbdy MerideLle Sueur
Introductbiyo Cnl arencDea rrow
A Tributbey EugeneV. Debs
Afterwobrdy FredT hompson
CHICAqO
MothJeorn eisn1 925. C1uf'I�/K �ffP ,.'.li/Ch."'iM.n�gM.
H. p )'
200S'
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS
TheC harlHe.sK erPru blishCionmgp angyr atefauclklnyo wledges Foreworbdy M eridLee!S uuer.. . . . . . . . ..v i.i . . . . . .
thea ssistoafnLc oei sM cLeanL,i saO ppenheiLme,s lOiree ar, Some Daitnets h e LoiffM eo ther Jo..n e s.. . . ..2 . . . .
FranklRions emonPte,n eloRpoes emonEtd,w arSdt eaenld M ollie
Wesitn t hper eparaotfti hoinns e we ditioofTn h eA utobiog?ra!p hy Introducttoti hoen1 92e5di tiboyCn l arenDcaer row.. .. 5.
Mother JOorniegsi.n oafml asn yo ft hep hotogrraepphrso duIIcI ed TheA uotbiaopghryo fM othJeorn es
thibso okc anb ef ounidnt heC harlHe.sK erCro mpanAyr chives I.E arlYye a.r.s. .......................11
atN ewberLriyb raCrhyi,c agoot;h ewresr kei ndplryo vidbeytd h e IIT.h eH aymarkTertag ed.y .. . . . . . .. 1.7 . . . . . . .
IllinLoaibso Hri stoSroyc iety. Ill. SAt riikneV irg.in.i..a. ............ ....2 4
IV.W aylandA'pspe atlo R eas.o.n. ............2 8
* v.V ictoartAy r notP,e nnsylv.a...ni..a .........3 0
VI.W ari nW est Virg..i n i.a .. . . . . ..4 0. . . . . . . .
VIIA. HumanJ udg.e. ... .. ............... 49
Thep hotogroanpt hh ec ove"rM,o theJro neFsi �rgi the VIIIR.o osevSeelntft o Jro hn Mit.c.h.e.l.l. ....5. 6
Heartosft heG armenWto rkerfsi,r"as ptp earIIeI dt he IX.M urdeirn W estV irgi.n.i.a. . ............6 3
InternatiSooncaila Rleivsitef wo rD ecembe1r9. 1 5 X.T heM archo ft heMi lClh ildr.e n.. . . . ..71 . . . . .
XI.T hosMeu leWso n'Stc abTo da.y .. . . . . . . . . . .84
XII.H ow theW omenM oppedU p Coald.a.l.e. ....8 9
Xlll. TheC rippClree ek St(r1i9k.e0. 3.). .....9.4. .
XIV.C hilLda b.o.r ...: . ............1.1.4. .
ISB0N 88286-c1l6o7t-h0
088286-p1a6p6e-r2 XV.M oye,rH aywooadn dP ettibo..n e.. . . .. 1.3 2. . . .
XVI.T heM exicaRne volut.i. o n.. . . . .. .1 3.6 . . . . .
XVIIH.o w thWeo manS anTgh emselOvuetso fJ ai.l. .1 45
XVIIIV.i ctoirnWy estV irgin..i a .. . . . ..1 .4 8. . . . .
© Copyri1g9h9Ct6h arH.l esKe rPru blisChoimnpga ny
XIX. Guardasn dG unme.n. ....... ......... 169
XX.G overnHourn tH,u mana ndJ us.t .. . .... .1 7.2
� 594 XXI. IRno ckefelPlreirs'o.sn. s. ......' . ......1 78
XXII." YouD on'Nte eda Votet oRa iseH el.l".. ... 195
XXIII.A WestV irgiPnriias Coanm p. .......... 2. 0 5
XXIV.T heS teeSlt riokfe1 9.1 .9 . . . . ..2 .0 9. . . . . .
XXv. StruggalnedL oseS:t ruggalnedW in. ......2 27
XXVI.M edeivaWle stV irgi.n.i.a. ...........2 32
XXVIIP.ro gresisnS pitoefL eaedrs... . . .. .2 3.6 . .
CHARLEHS. K ERRP UBLISHINCGO MPANY CivilizaitnSi oount heMrinl lbsy M otheJro ne.s .. ..2 4.5
EPs.tO a.bB liosx91h 8e18d46 MotheJro nebsy E ugenVe. D eb.s. . .. ..........2 48
Chicago, Illin6o0i6s 90 Afterworbdy F reTdh ompson... . . . . .. ..2 5.1 . . . .
A MotheJro neBsi bliogr.a.p.h..y. ...........2 87
IndeoxfN ame.s ......................... 301
v
FOREWORD
MOTHEJRO NESA: W OMANW ARRIOR
I sawM otheJro newsh enI wasf ourtyeeeanr osl d.
Im archewdi thhe ra,f ttehreL u dloMwa ssacdroew,n
thset reoeftsF orStc otKatn,s asw,h erseh eh adc omew ith
thmei nerwsh oswei veasn dc hildhraednb eesnh odto wn
by Rockefedlulreirtn hge C olorado osft1 r9i1k4e.
Itw asa timbee fothree fi rswto rlwda rE.x ploitation
ofw orkewrass w orlwdidaes c apitalmiosvme dt oc on­
solidiattpseo wearg aintshtew o rlmdo vemeonftw orkers
whoc rieodu tf osro cialMiisnme.r wso rkesdi xteheonu rs
undergroiunhn adza rdocuosn ditiJoonhsLn.. L ewissa id
thmei nekrisl lientd h mei newso ulcdi rctlheee a rtthwi ce,
two abreast.
Thef acuolftt yh Pee oplCeo'lsl eagw eo,r keerdsu'c a­
tiocno llemgaer,c heId h.e ldm y motherh'asn da nd
marchbeeds ihdeera montgh mei nerwsh osfea milhiaeds
beekni llTehde.r wea sn ob andTh.i sl ittwolmane, Mother
Jones, mairnct hheefd ro nt lineh e'rw' ibtohy sT.h"e y
wergeo inagc rosAsm eritcoat ealblo utth mea ssacarned
tor aise mfoonret hye s uvrivoorfst he broskterni ke.
Itw asa solemtnr eaadst hemya rchetdh,e ibro dies
benats i ft hee artsht irlels toendt hemT.h eyw ergea unt
ArmeniaannsdG reekMsy. m othewra sw eepinPge.o ple
stooodn t hew alkasl ontgh el inoefm archs,o mew eep­
inga,n ds omer ano utt og rastph ehiarn dasn ds omes tood
meanloyr l ookeddo wn frwoimn dows.
Iw eptto os,e eibnogd ibeesa ritnhgme a rko ft heoipr­
pressiooftn h,e sitro lleanb omro,u rnitnhge hiorl y dead.
vii
viii LIFEO F MOTHER JONES FOREWORD ix
Ik newt heIns awa w omano ft hfuet uraek ,i nodf b e­ tion. uSsheed ltahneg uagael ulws ee adn dI a lwafyesl t
inIgwa ntedt obe likSeh.ew ass mallb,u tp owerfuwla,l k­ thew orkearnsd f armeirnts h em idweswte rteh eg reat
ing boilndh leyr blsahcoked sr,e ssleidkm ey grandma, poettsh,e liarn guaagnedc adendcrea wfnr otmh per airie
ab lacfukl ls kiarntdb lack shirwtiwtaah wi hsitt,e fissu worka ndr elationship.
arouhnedIr r ifasche a ndo,n h er grayihnairg,a l itbtllea ck Shes ummonetdh iem ageosfo url ifaen ds ilenacned
halti kmey g randamlawa ywso reW.o menw orhea tlsi ke strugagnldei ,n voktehdme u sculaanrdi mpassifiognhetd
St.P etert oltdh emt oE.v enM otheJro nes! andl ovfeo era coht heWre. c amea liavsei ft ouchbeyd
Ih adh earhdo wt hmei nesrmsu gglehde rby traiinn to herm otheflra me. Ssheee metdon ouriussh,e xpeolu r
TrinidaCdo,l oraedaor,li ynt hes triIkh ea.dh earhdo w fearmsa,k efu n ofo urs o-callloesdit nhgse t ri"kYeo.u
thRoec kefellmielri tia ahrarde sthteedt inwyo manf osru p­ nevelro saes tkrei,s"h es aid".Y ouf righttheern o bbers
portitnhwgeo rkesrtsr'u gIgh laedh. e arhdo wth eseth ugs anda rmy oursealnvdey so ubrr otheSrhses. c"o ldtehde m
ont hep ayrololfC olorado aFnudIe rlo ant tacktehde likaem othefro trh etiirm idaintdfy e aarn,d p raised the
strikuenrasr'm ewdi veasn dc hildwriethnm achine-guns farmers hwahdog rabbtehde siqru irgruenlts o m arctho
andb ombs-ahnodw th eyh orribbrluyt,a mlulryd ertehde TrinidaSdh.em adeu sa f amileyn dangebruedtp, o werful.
minerlse'a dLeoru,i Tsika s.A ndI k newt haMto theJro nes
In evelro stth aitm agoeft hastt rugIgf leeel.nt g endered
wasb arnstormtihnecg o untry speakaignagi tnbshotel dly
byt het rumeo thenro,tt hep rivmaotteh eorfo ne family,
Goliaftohhr e rf allceonm rades.
butt hee mboldeanneddb lazidnegf enodfea rl hle rs ons
Theo nlfiyg htIeh ra ds eelni khee rw as EugDeenbes ,
andd aughttehrtesr ,u wea rriaonrdos n ldye fendIes rasw.
andIf etlhte wye rlee adeorfth se fu ture becauswee rteh ey
awo man nonte edinfge mingiunieol rtf eelfirnggih tened
thefi rspte opIlh ea ds eewni tlho vTeh.e yw eroef a,n d
ore mbarrasosrbe edl ittled.
camef romt,h weo undosft hpee oplneo,at s s aviofrrso m
My mother awf aesm inTishte.rw ee rmea nys ocialist
abovoer o utsibduet,w itshp eech iamnadg eosf t he
feminliesatd earnsdth eoreticwihaotn osl uds w hatwa s
Americwaonr kearnsdfa rmerTsh.e yw erteh ef irssot­
truaen dw hatto d o.B uth erwea sa bolds,k illeeldo,­
calloerdg aniIz searwsw hoe mbracyeodu W.i tht heir
quenutn,a rfaiwdo mann,o a pologniosrwt a,n timnagl e
boditehse wye rael itvoea ltlh ew oundeadn dk newt he
powerIss .a wth ats hea ndD ebsw erAem ericlaena ders
wictkh awta st ob ei gnitIes da.wt heInw antteodb ep art
ofa truldye mocrafuttuirce a ndt eachoefrt sh et rue
ofa witnefsosmr y people.
Americhains totrhyhe,i stoorffy r eheo ldeorfts h el and
I'nlle vefro rgtehtae tv eniinntg h ew orkehrasl'Wl e.
ando fb ravweo rkelrisk teh eC hicaagnoa rchoifst thse
sang tog"Seotlhierd aFroirteyv earn,dl" a ter daanndc ed
1880wsh oh adb eehna ngefdofi rg htifnogthr e e ight-hour
embractehdef atheorfts h ed eacd hildren.
day.L ikDee bsM,o theJro neisn voktehdem emorioefs
MotheJro nes sIph oakdne e.v ehre arda w omans peak
the workenrostt augihnts chooolrsl ectuhrael ls.
likteh awti,t hoeugtoo rs uperioorfthi otuyg hotre duca-
x LIFEO F MOTHER JONES FOREWORD xi
Theyd idn ot otnelayc phr,e acahn dp oinotu tT.h ey praisSeh.ea lshoa dn oc lasfse aSrh.e a ppeared before
lovetdh lea ndth,e s trugagnldte h ew orkersf;a rmearnsd thep otentatesd-etshpeo ilaesrs sh,ec alltehde mt,h e
minerwse rtoe themt hel igohftth e worlthde, c arriers predatorsa-nla inkgerm yo theard,m onishtihnegmt ob e
ofal ltru e knowledge.W e wereth eh opeo fth efu ture, com­ human,t hiecfyo ultdoa, d mitth uen iotno,l etth ew orkers
radeso fth e cominngew dayS.h em adey ouf eetlh et rue live.
motherneosfts h eea rtahn ds trugg"Yloeu.a rteh oen es,, ' Ther adicmaolv emenwta s nwoitt hoiuttsm ale
'
shes ai"dw,h oc ans ayt hew orSdo lidaArnidtyc .a leIach chauvinRiasdtisc.wa olm enw eroeft epnu it nm enijaolb s,
otherc omradeTsh.eo pprescsaonrc lainmo thing but belittSlheesd p.o kuep t ot heb ureaucrtahteks i,n gosf
hisg reed." labotrh,se t oolpigtehoheno sa,r dleirskt eh Reo ckefellers,
In oto nlrye membewrh asth es aitdh adta ya,n dh er who claitmheeddyi dn otk nowh owt hew orkelrvise d,
indomitbaobdlyle i kae l ightweidc kf romw hicwhe all ands hametdh emi ntmoa kinhgu geg ranatnsd s tarting
tookl ighIat l;s o remetmhbasethr ee mbracuedsa ndc alled libratroih eisd teh eigrr eeadn dg Uilt.
usb yn ameA.s a matteorf f acsth,e a ndD ebsw erteh e Several mbiogohksot fhy e rs peechwerist,in gasn dc or­
onloyn eIsr emembwehro t auguhstth et rueem bracofe respondehnacvbeee epnu blishLeidkhe.e re xtraordinary
theen dangecroemdr adteh,efi ghtbye ro ur stidhoee,n ly Autobiograpthhye,ss ep eechaerst,i calnedls e ttsehrosw
illuminaitnthi eo dna rkc,rimi nal deatohfc apitalism. hows het ootkh iem ages-ltahneg uaget-hopefe opalned
Embraciwnagsn otc ommoanm ontgh peu ritasno cial­ gavteh ilsa nguabgaec kt ot hemi na proletarciualnt ure
istMsy. fu thewra sn otf omre ne mbracmienngo rw omen. thaitsn ow bearing fruit.
Itw asa t radithtaitow,nh enD ebss pokfeo,u lri ttglier ls Im ussta ya lshoo ws hes pokteot hew orking woman,
inw hitwee rteo g oto thpe latfaonrdme acghi vhei mo ne whowas doubleyx ploiYteodud. i ndo ts emea nyo rganizers
redr oseIl. o okefdo rwator tdh iasn,d t het alplr ophetic int he kitocrhc eanr,if nogtr h ceh ildrIenhn e.rb einagn d
Debsw oullde adno wnt ou sa nde mbraucsea ndk isuss . inh ers peechMeost heJro nerso ustehdse p iroiftt h weo rk­
It wast rualnye mbracter,u al gye stuorfle o vea,si fh e ingc lawsosm e,na ndt hefma ilayn,d t hleo voefc omrades.
Fora womant os peak pubwlaishc alrytd o d oa ndn ot
futheryeodu a sn ofa thedri d.
commonE.v eni nm y timmee ng otu pa ndl efta ndh ad
Everyone hMeoatrhienJrgo netsh adta yf elhte rl ov­
meetinignts h e hwahlelna woman htahdef loor.
inge xpressoifso tnr engltho,va en db eautyo ft hew ork­
Att het imem,i ddle-colpapsrse ssgiaovnaec lasism ­
ingc lass.
agea nds exuianlf eritoorw iotmye na,n dm adea culotf
I hamveetp eople rwehmoe mbwehra Dte bss aiadn,d
thee litteh,se u perpieorrs oWnosm.e n reflecteodp ­their
MotheJro nelso'v eS.h eg avteh em thtehmew ordt,h e
pressTohre.y w eroe ppresesveedin n t heu nionbsyt he
imagee,m bracoeu,to ft heiorw nw ounds.
malepo wer struTchtuepr aet.ar richiamla geen gendered
We sawy oun eedn otc rinbgeef otrhee f ormidable
imageosft hef emaalses aleabflrveio,l ouSse.x uparlo s-
enemyS.h ew asn otw haits c allweodma nishw,a itifnogr
xii LIFOEF M arHERJ ONES
titutaiswo enl alsm arriaogpep restsheewd o manM.o ther
Joneesm bodiaenddm adev isiabfu lteu rweo mana,w ar­
rioarl soe,q uailns truggblees imdeen .
Shes pokteom e,a nd mavdies ibwlhee,nI w asf our­
teent,h et runea tuorfet hef emalpeo wears e quaaln d
nourishing andt ont ehcmeea sksianorgfty h heu manb e­
ingo ft hefu tureT.h ew omans,h es aidm,u stb ee qual
int hefu turceo mmunaelx pressoifao gnl obfaamli lyI.n
thfeo ramn df orcofeb einagw omant,h reefl ectipnogw er
ofw ome,nt hec onceivpionwge orf n oto nltyh ef uture
chibludto f t hceo mmundaels iarnedg estatieomnb,r acing
ourh umaniotuyr,p assionsattree nagntdhl ove.
Heries h erA utobiogroanpeho yft, h meo stvi tal, most
powerdfuolc umenitnts h aen naolfsA mericlaa'bsos rt rug­
gleWsi.t thh inse we ditioofan t rucel assic-broouutg ht
by itosr igipnuabll isChhearr,l He.sK erorf C hicagtoh,e
worldo'lsd epsutb lisohfeb ro okbsy a ndf orw orking
people-MoJtohneer s' meosfss oalgied aarnidft rye edom
wilfiln di twsa yi nttoh eh earatnsd m indosf a new
generation.
No onew hoh earhde ro rs awh erf orghoetr A.n dn o
onew hor eads btohoikws i lflo rgheetr S.u cha catalyst
asM otheJro nelsvi esi nu sal l-a matoroftn h lei visneged ,
thel ivipnrgo teoiftn h el ovoef c omrades.
MeridLeelS ueur
HudsoWni,s consin
Janua19ry9 0
MotheJro newsi tmhi nercsh'i ldren
CHRONOLOGY 3
1906-actiinvM eo yer-Haywood-Pedtetfiebnos1ne9e.0 7-
Sprinagi:dM se sabRaa ngset riJkuen.3e 0S:a rabkiiad napped.
1908-defoefna snet i-DMieaxzi ca1n9s1.O -wirnesl eaosfCe o l­
SOMED ATEINS mE LIFEO F
oradmoi nerhse;l psst riksihnigr twmaaiksetr isnN ew York;
MOTHER JONES
Westmorewloamned ns intgh ewiary o uto fj ai1l9.n -visrietbse l
MexicSoe.p tembteoJr u l1y9 15a:i drsa ilrsohaodp men strike.
1837-probyaebaloref b iritnhC orkI,r ela(nsdef eo otnoont e
page2 7.11 )858-59-MaHrairar iast tenTdosr onNtoor mal. C1a9b1.-m2MC arye:ePa kAi.un gtCu rs1ete3 bsk:lt urfigsfkutsena mreAtnusR,g.e u dWs 6at:rr ai tEo sr1k.9d 1a3l-e,
1859-60-teaatcM hoensr oeM,i chigalna;t weorr kass d ress­
Februa7r:ty h ugssh ooutp H ollGyr ovFee.b rua1ry:3 M other
makeirn C hicag1o8.6 1-marrGieeosr gJeo neisr,o mno lder,
Jones arreMsayt 7e:dre .l easaeftde wri riess entot S enatKoerrn .
unioonr gani1z8e6r7.- Memphhiuss:b aanndd c hilddrieeon f
Augusati:d Msi chigcaonp pesrt riSkeep.t emb2e3:rC olorado
yellfowe verre;t urntsod ressmakiinCn hgi cag1o8.71 -hesrh op
coaslt risktea rhtesl;ps se utp t encto lontiheesr Oec.t ob2er1 :
destroiynte dhC eh icaFgior e1.8 77-actfirvoeNm e wY ortko
organiwzoemse nt om eeCto loraGdoov ernoIrI.iI nN ovember;
Pittsbuirngt hh eg rearta islt rik1e8.8 5-87-Cihni cago;
leavefso Wra shingtoDne.c embe1r7l :e adDse nvedre monstra­
Haymarkpeetr io1d8.9 0-UnitMeidn eW orkerosfA merica
tino 1.914-Janu4a:rr eyt urnfrionmg E IPa so,d eportferdo m
founde1d8.9 3-Foudninogf t heA mericRaainl waUyn ioann d ..
TnmdadC,o loraJdaon.u ary 11:t oTr reitnuirndJsaa dn.u aIrIy
thWee steFrne deratoifMo inn er1s8.9 4-PullSmtarni ke; active
toM arch15 :j ailienhd o spitaMla.r c2h 1t oA pri1l7j :a iliend
inC hicaagnod A labam1a8.9 5-Auguhsetl:ps st athrets ocialist
weekAlpyp eatol R easo1n8.96 -Marcaht:t enDdesb sm'e eting WalsenbuArpgri.l1 9L:u dlowm assac1915re:. Januray15 :h ears
Rockefetlelsetrbi efyf ore CommoinsI snidouns tRreilaalt ions.
inB irminghAalma,b ama1.8 97-Juantet:e nfdosu ndionftg h e
Janua2ry1 h:e lpcsh emicwaolr keartsRo osevelNte,w J ersey.
SociDaelm ocracJyu.l ya:i dsstr ikienW esVti rginAiuag.u st:
Janua27r:y v isiRtosc kefewlilteUhrM W representMaatyi ves.
aidsst rikienP ittsbaurregahS. e ptembveirs:iR tuss kicno lony
13-1t4e:s tifies Cboemfmoirses ioonIn n dustRreilaalt iFoanlsl.:
inT enness1e8e9.9 -0ctobreerv:i vsetsr iaktArne o t. 1900-
May 12:B lossburg-Avrnioctt moereyt iJnug.n2 e2 i:nL onacon­ helpWsF M inA rizon1a9.1 6-toounrb se haolffi ndicCtoeld­
oradmoi nerAsft.e rJ ul2y2 e xplositoonu,ro snb ehaolffT om
ingM,a ryla"nrdi otS.e"p tembheirr:eb dyU MW aso rganizer.
Mooney.A ugusati:d isn r e-elecotfiG oonv ernoHru nto f
Septemb1e7r- 0cto2b4e:ar n thracite stri7k:me a.r cOhc tober
ArizoOncat.o betra:k epsa ritnu nsuccesIsnfduilac naam paign
onL attim1e9r0.1 -organSiczrianngt on msiinlewkre sa,v ers,
foSre natKoerrn .1 917-proBtiessbtdesee p ortataiiodFnsr; e d
housemaMiadrsc.h h:e ra rti"cCliev ilizaitnSi oount heMrni lls"
publisihneC dh arlHe.sK errI'ntse rntaionSaocli alRiesvti ew. Mooneiyn W estVi rgin1i9a1.9 -Juplryo:t eWsetsstV irginia
prisocna mps. A2ug0au:rs rets taedtH omeste1a9d2.1 -January:
DecembeDri:e tmzi nes triiknNe o rtoVni,r ginia. 1902-May
12 toO ctob2er3 a:n thrasctirtieJk uen.7e t oJ ul1y09 3:W est inM exicCoi tyfo rP an-AmeriLcaabno Cro ngresAsu.g ust:
Virgisntirai Jkuen.2e 0 M:o ther Jofirnseatsr 'r est. wi1n9t0e3r: marcohn L ogaCno un.t1 y923-June:G ogveentrosrM organ'to
releaWsees Vti rginmiian er1s9.2 4-Cihni cagwoo:r kosn A uto­
inW estV irginiSau.m merm:a rcohf t hem ilclh ildrFeanl.l :
kiograpahiyddre;ss smaker1s9.2 5-AuguAsutt:o bipohgypra ub­
MountO livaen dC olorasdtor i1k9e0.4 -March2 6e:s capes
lIshbye dC harlHe.sK erCro mpaniyn C hicag1o9.3 0M:a y 1:
deportaptliaonn. AUptraih"l q:u arantiAnueg.u"sp tr:o motes
Debsn'e wb ookU,n ionainsdSm o cliiasAm P:l efao Bro thi,n celebr"altOeOstb hi rth"d waiytlha rgcer owodf w ell-wishers.
Novembe3r0 d:i eda tH yattsvMialrlyel,a nDde.c embe8r:
NewY ork1.9 05-nJuaarayt:t enCdhsi cag"oJ anuaCroyn fer­ �
encet"h aits suae csa ltlof ountdh eI ndustWroirakle orfst he une�rla tM ounOtl ivIel,l inaotitse,n bdyet dh ousanbdusr;i al
III UmonM inerCse'm ete.r y
WorldJ.u nea:t tenIdWsW foundicnogn ventiinoC nh icago.
1925
INTRODUCTIONT O THE EDITION
MotheJro neiss one moofs ftto hrec eafnudl
picturesfiqguuer eosf theA mericalna bor
movemenSth.e i sa borcnr usadIenra .n e ar­
lier peorfti hoewd o rlsdh ew oulhdav ej oined
witPhe tetrh eH ermiti nl eaditnhgec rusaders
againtshteS aracenAst.a ltaerp eriosdh,e
woulhda ve joJionhendB rowni nh ism ad,
heroeiffco rttol ibertahtese l aveLsi.kBe r own,
sheh asa sinlgeneosfps u rpoasp ee,r sofneaalr ­
lessneasnsd a contempftor established
wrongsL.i khei mt,h ep uproswea st hem oving
forcaen,dt hem eans of accotmhp2le insdh ing
didn otm atter.
Inh ere arllyi fseh,e f ounidn t hel abor
movemeannto utlfeotr hienrh erseynmtp athy
andl ovaen dd airng.S hen evehra d the time or
thee ducattioos nt udtyh ep hiloshoyp ofth e
variomuosv ementthsaf tr omt imteo t imhea ve
inspirtehded evoted idteoal leiasdt what
seemetdo ba ef orlohrno pet oc hangteh ei n­
sittutioofnm se n.
Mothe.ror n eiss e ssnteialalniy n dividualist.
Hero wne motioannsdi deaasr es os trotnhga t
shei ss ometimiensc onfliwcitto ht hefirgsh,t ing
fort hes ameca use. Thiisas n o ltsdot oo y;rt he
realle adeorfas n yc ausaer en ecessialriyn di-