The Author as Cannibal The Autho r as Cann ibal Rewriting in Francophone Literature as a Postcolonial Genre, 1969– 1995 Felisa Vergara Reynolds University of nebraska Press | LincoLn © 2021 by the Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska. All rights reserved Names: Reynolds, Felisa Vergara, author. Title: The author as cannibal: rewriting in francophone literature as a postcolonial genre, 1969– 1995 / Felisa Vergara Reynolds. Description: Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2022. | Includes bibliographical ref- erences and index. Identifiers: lccn 2021024460 isbn 9781496218421 (hardback) isbn 9781496230034 (pdf) Subjects: lcsh: West Indian literature (French)— History and criticism. | African litera- ture (French)— History and criticism. | Literature— Adaptations— History and criticism. | Postcolonialism in literature. | French literature— 20th century— History and criticism. | Césaire, Aimé. Tempête. | Diop, Boubacar Boris, 1946- Temps de Tamango. | Djebar, Assia, 1936– 2015. Amour, la fantasia. | Condé, Maryse. Migration des cœurs. | bisac: literary criticism / European / French | literary criticism / Caribbean & Latin American | lcgft: Literary criticism. | Interviews. Classification: lcc pq3940.5 .r49 2022 | ddc 840.9/9729— dc23/eng/20210930 lc record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021024460 Set in Lyon by Laura Buis. Para Lourdes y Santiago, mis hijos adorados Para Elena y Fausto, mis padres difuntos Para Jay, mi corazón contents List of Illustrations ix Acknowledgments xi Introduction: “Almost the Same, but Not Quite” / “Almost the Same, but Not White”; or, The Author as Cannibal 1 1. Aimé Césaire’s Une tempête, Cannibalizing Shakespeare’s The Tempest; or, Who’s Laughing Now? 35 2. Boubacar Boris Diop’s Le temps de Tamango, a Postmodern Cannibalization; or, Penetrating “Fortress Europe” 77 3. Assia Djebar’s L’amour, la fantasia, a Historiographic Cannibalization; or, Dismantling/ Decolonizing History 109 4. Maryse Condé’s La migration des cœurs, Cannibalizing Emily Brontë’s Wuthering Heights; or, a Sublime Phagocytosis 153 Conclusion: The Future of Literary Cannibalism; or, Addressing the Lingering Questions 199 Appendix: Interviews with Maryse Condé 215 Notes 235 References 245 Index 263 illustrations 1. Scène de cannibalisme au Brésil Americae Tertia pars Memorabilem provinciae Brasiliae Historiam continens, by Theodor de Bry 9 2. Femmes d’Alger dans leur appartement, by Eugène Delacroix 128 3. Déjeuner sur l’herbe, by Édouard Manet 210 4. Déjeuner sur l’herbe, by Pablo Picasso, from Moderna Museet in Stockholm 210 5. “Women of Algiers (Version ‘O’),” by Pablo Picasso 212 ix