The Aura of Confucius: Relics and Representations of the Sage at the Kongzhai Shrine in Shanghai PDF
Preview The Aura of Confucius: Relics and Representations of the Sage at the Kongzhai Shrine in Shanghai
THE AURA OF CONFUCIUS The Aura of Confucius is a groundbreaking study that reconstructs the remarkable history of Kongzhai,ashrinefoundedonthebeliefthatConfucius’sdescendantsburiedthesage’srobeand capamillenniumafterhisdeathandfarfromhishomeinQufu,Shandong.Improbablylocatedon the outskirts of modern Shanghai, Kongzhai featured architecture, visual images, and physical artifactsthatcreateda“LittleQueli,”asurrogateforthetemple,cemetery,andKongdescendants’ mansioninQufu.CenteredontheTomboftheRobeandCap,withaSageHallnoteworthyfor displayingsculpturaliconsandnotjustinscribedtablets,Kongzhaiattractedscholarlypilgrimswho cametoexperienceConfucius’sbeneficentaura.AlthoughKongzhaigainedrecognitionfromthe Kangxiemperor,itsfortunesdeclinedwithmodernization,anditwasfinallydestroyedduringthe CulturalRevolution.Unlikeothersites,Kongzhaihasnotbeenrebuilt,anditshistoryisofficially forgotten,despitetheConfucianrevivalincontemporaryChina. JuliaK.MurrayisProfessorEmeritaofArtHistory,EastAsianStudies,andReligiousStudiesatthe UniversityofWisconsin–Madison.Aformercuratorandaward-winningacademic,sheisanexpert on images of Confucius. Her books include Confucius: His Life and Legacy in Art (coauthored, 2010),MirrorofMorality:ChineseNarrativeIllustrationandConfucianIdeology(2007;Chineseedition 2014);andMaHezhiandtheIllustrationoftheBookofOdes(1993). THE AURA OF CONFUCIUS Relics and Representations of the Sage at the Kongzhai Shrine in Shanghai M JULIA K. MURRAY UniversityofWisconsin–Madison UniversityPrintingHouse,CambridgeCB28BS,UnitedKingdom OneLibertyPlaza,20thFloor,NewYork,NY10006,USA 477WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,VIC3207,Australia 314–321,3rdFloor,Plot3,SplendorForum,JasolaDistrictCentre,NewDelhi–110025,India 103PenangRoad,#05–06/07,VisioncrestCommercial,Singapore238467 CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781316516324 DOI:10.1017/9781009029681 ©JuliaK.Murray2021 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2021 PrintedintheUnitedKingdombyTJBooksLimited,PadstowCornwall AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData NAMES:Murray,JuliaK.(Arthistorian),author. TITLE:TheauraofConfucius:relicsandrepresentationsofthesageat theKongzhaiShrineinShanghai/JuliaK.Murray,Universityof Wisconsin–Madison. DESCRIPTION:Cambridge,UnitedKingdom;NewYork:CambridgeUniversity Press,2021.|Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. IDENTIFIERS:LCCN2021017239(print)|LCCN2021017240(ebook)| ISBN9781316516324(hardback)|ISBN9781009014786(paperback)|ISBN9781009029681(ebook) SUBJECTS:LCSH:Confucius–Cult–China.|Confucian shrines–China–Shanghai.|BISAC:RELIGION/Confucianism CLASSIFICATION:LCCBL1882.C62S562021(print)|LCCBL1882.C62(ebook) |DDC299.5/12350951132–dc23 LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2021017239 LCebookrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2021017240 ISBN978-1-316-51632-4Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof URLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. Coverdesign©JackCheatle ThepublicationofillustrationsinthisbookwasgenerouslysupportedbysubventiongrantfromtheCenter forEastAsianStudiesattheUniversityofWisconsin-Madison. ThispublicationwasmadepossibleinpartbyagrantfromtheMetropolitanCenterforFarEasternArtStudies. ThispublicationwasmadepossibleinpartbyagrantfromtheChiangChing-kuoFoundationforInternationalScholarlyExchange. ThispublicationwasmadepossibleinpartbyanawardfromtheJamesP.GeissandMargaretY.HsuFoundation. ToAndy andNina CONTENTS ListofFigures pageviii Acknowledgments xiv Introduction 1 part i confucius in qufu and kongzhai 15 1 ConfuciusandHisCults 17 2 ProposingaHistoryofKongzhai 36 3 VisualRepresentationsofConfuciusatKongzhai 77 part ii the rhetorical construction of kongzhai 131 4 EarlyFormulationsofKongzhai’sHistory 135 5 TheEmergenceandImpactoftheGazetteerofKongzhai 151 6 Kongzhaiin19th-and20th-CenturyLocalGazetteersandPoetryCollections 167 7 ThePhysicalLayoutofKongzhaiandItsVisualDepictions 182 8 Conclusion 221 Appendix-Timeline 229 Notes 239 Bibliography 305 Index 326 vii FIGURES 1 GinkgotreesattheformersiteofKongzhaiinQingpudistrict,Shanghai,2016 page 2 2 HanGaozu’ssacrificetoConfuciusin195BCE,fromthe1548PrinceofShen editionofPicturesoftheSage’sTraces(Shengjitu) 18 3 TheKangxiemperor’smonumentalinscription,“ModelTeacherof10,000 Generations”(1684).CarvedonstonetabletsintheHalloftheSage’sTraces,Temple ofConfucius,Qufu 21 4 SculpturaliconofConfuciusandaltarvesselsinsidetheQufutemple’ssacrificialhall (1907) 21 5 PictureoftheStateofLu.Woodblock-printedillustrationfromtheExpandedGazetteer ofQueli(Queliguangzhi,1673) 22 6 Detailofthreedisciples.RubbingfromincisedstonetabletsdepictingConfuciusand seventy-twodisciples,ConfucianTemple,Hangzhou(1156) 26 7 WoodenvotivefigurinesofConfuciusandhiswife,ofunknowndate,formerlyinthe KongFamilyTempleinQuzhou,Zhejiang 29 8 PortraitoftheFormerTeacher,Confucius,PracticingtheTeaching.RubbingofQingstelein theTempleofConfucius,Qufu 30 9 PortraitofConfuciusPracticingtheTeaching.Bronzestatue(1994),donatedbyTangEnjiato theChaotiangong,Nanjing 31 10 “StandardPortrait”ofConfucius,commissionedbytheChinaConfuciusFoundation. Bronzestatue(2006),Qufu 32 11 Confucius(2011).BronzestatueinitsoriginallocationoutsidetheNationalMuseum ofChina 33 12 ConfuciusastheVenerableofHarmony(2014).Gilt-bronzestatueinFulfill-the-Dream Garden,Beidaihe,Qinhuangdao,Hebei 34 13 Colossalgilt-bronzestatueofConfucius(2016)atNishanHolyLand,Shandong 35 14 OldPicture1:TomboftheRobeandCap.Woodblock-printedillustrationfromthe1681 GazetteerofKongzhai 39 15 OldPicture2:MainHall.Woodblock-printedillustrationfromthe1681Gazetteer ofKongzhai 40 16 OldPicture3:StelePavilion.Woodblock-printedillustrationfromthe1681Gazetteer ofKongzhai 41 17 OldPicture4:CeremonialGate.Woodblock-printedillustrationfromthe1681Gazetteer ofKongzhai 42 viii
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