The Atlas of Military History : An Around-the-World Survey of Warfare Through the Ages

320 Pages·2013·38.04 MB·English

by  Amanda Lomazoff

T h e aT l a s of
MiliTa ry
h i s T o r y

T h e aT l a s of
MiliTa ry
h i s T o r y
an around-the-World survey of Warfare through the ages
A m A n d A L o m A z o f f
A A r o n r A L by
With
san Diego, California
Thunder Bay Press
an imprint of the Baker & Taylor Publishing group
10350 Barnes Canyon road, san Diego, Ca 92121
www.thunderbaybooks.com
Publisher Peter norton
Moseley Road Inc, www.moseleyroad.com
Publisher: sean Moore
general Manager: Karen Prince
editorial Director: lisa Purcell
art Director: Tina Vaughan
Production Director: adam Moore
Editorial Jill hamilton, Damien Moore,
nancy hajeski, edward sczesnak, Margaret Parrish
Design Philippa Baile and Duncan youel, www.oiloften.co.uk
Photography Jonathan Conklin, sean Moore, assisted by Kira Tidmore
Picture Research liz Moore
north american Compilation Copyright © 2012 Thunder Bay
Copyright © 2012 Moseley road inc
Copyright under international, Pan american, and Universal Copyright Conventions.
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library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
lomazoff, amanda.
atlas of military history / amanda lomazoff.
p. cm.
isBn-13: 978-1-60710-567-1
isBn-10: 1-60710-567-5
1. historical geography-Maps. 2. Military history-Maps. 3. World maps. i. Title.
g1030.l6 2013
355.0022’3-dc23
2012033838
Printed in hong Kong.
2 3 4 5 16 15 14 13 12
C
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contEnts t
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t
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introduction 9 illyria 62
scythians and sarmations 63
part 1
Cimbrian War 64
AfricA attila the hun 65
12 sackings of rome 66
anglo-saxon Kingdoms 67
The old Kingdom 14
Vikings 68
The Middle Kingdom 15
great heathen army 69
The new Kingdom 16
alfred the great 70
The nubian Kingdom of Kush 17
Cnut the great 71
Feature: Horses and Chariots 18
Vikings in ireland and scotland 72
The Punic Wars 20
The Battle of Clontarf 73
Jugurthine War 22
Battle of stiklestad 74
Vandals 23
Battle of hastings 75
Berbers and arabs 24
Feature: Viking Warships 76
almoravid and almohad 25
Battle of Poitiers 78
ghana 26
reconquista 79
Mali 27
Battle of nicopolis 80
songhai empire 28
hussite Wars 81
The ashanti 29
Charlemagne 82
aksum 30
edward i’s Wars 83
Kongo 31
hundred years’ War 84
Mutapa 32
Battles of Crecy 85
shaka 33
Feature: The European Castle 86
Zulu Wars 34
Wars of the roses 88
Boer Wars 35
The spanish armada 89
first italo-ethiopian War 36
ottoman-habsburg Wars 90
World War ii african Theater 38
The Thirty years’ War 91
algerian War 40
russia-Turkey 92
Civil Wars 41
Crimean War 93
rwandan Civil War 42
great northern War 94
Protesters spark Change 44
War of spanish succession 95
Jacobite risings 96
part 2
french revolution 97
EuropE
napoleon 98
46
Waterloo 99
archaic greece 48 Königgrätz 100
Marathon 49 franco-Prussian War 101
salamis 50 World War i 102
Peloponnesian War 51 Feature: Death from Above 106
Feature: Triremes and Longboats 52 russian revolution 108
Wars of the republic 54 irish War of independence 109
rome: Caesar 55 spanish Civil War 110
rome: Trajan 57 ethnic Cleansing 111
Feature: The Legions of Rome 58 europe returns to War 112
Celtic expansion 60 standing alone 113
Celtic invasion of greece/galatia 61 operation Barberossa 114
s
t
n
e The allied invasion of europe 115 part 4
t
n end of the Third reich 116
cEntrAl And
o
Feature: Rockets 118
C
Kosovo Conflict 120
southErn
Dissolution of the Ussr 121
AsiA
part 3
176
thE middlE
Vedic Period 178
The first indian empire 179
EAst
Feature: War Elephants 180
122
The gupta Dynasty 182
sumer 124 Pala empire 183
sargon of akkad 125 The greco-Bactrian Kingdom 184
Babylon 126 The Kushan empire 185
assyria 127 The golden horde 186
hurrians and hittites 128 The invasion of Khwarazemia 187
Battle of Kadesh 129 Mogul empire 188
King David of israel 130 Mogul empire: aurangzeb 189
israel and Babylon 131 Maratha empire 190
Maccabees and romans 132 The Third Battle of Panipat 191
Jewish revolts 133 The siege of seringapatam 192
Cyrus the great 134 indian Mutiny 193
Darius the great 135 The great game 194
Feature: The Royal Road 136 india-Pakistan Wars 195
alexander the great 138 sri lankan Civil War 197
Wars of the Diadochi 140
seleucids 142 part 5
alexander and his heirs 143
northErn
roman-Parthian War 144
The sassanid empire 146
And EAstErn
islamic expansion 148
The roots of arabic influence 149
AsiA
shia and sunni 150 198
abbisid Dynasty 151
spring and autumn Period 200
Battle of Manzikert 152
China: Warring states 201
The first Crusade 153
China: Qin 202
The Muslim World 154
Xiongnu and han 203
sack of Baghdad 156
War of the Three Kingdoms 204
Battle of ain Jalut 157
Tibet and Tang 205
Timur 158
The Tang Dynasty 206
Feature: Gunpowder 160
The Battle of Talas 207
rise of the ottomans 162
Border Control 208
sack of Constantinople 163
song Dynasty 209
suleiman 164
Feature: War of the Gods 210
ottoman-Persian Wars 166
The Kievan rus (ninth–Thirteenth Centuries) 212
safavids 168
The novgorod republic 213
The russo-Persian Wars 169
ivan the Terrible 214
World War i Middle east 170
The Conquest of siberia
The arab-israeli Wars 172
sixteenth and seventeenth Century 215
iran-iraq War 174
Three Kingdoms 216
iraq War 175
C
o
n
Koguryo-China Wars 217 Kingdom of funan 268 t
e
The rise of silla 218 The Kingdom of Pagan 269 n
t
Japanese and Manchurian invasions 219 The Kingdom of Khmer 270
s
Feature: Strategic Advantages 220 Mongol invasion of Burma 271
samurai 222 sukhothai: ramkanghaeng 272
genpei War 223 The Kingdom of ayutthaya 273
Mongol invasions 224 Toungoo Dynasty 274
sengoku Period 225 anglo-Burmese Wars 275
Battle of nagashino 227 indochina independence 276
The Ten Campaigns of Qianlong 228 The Vietmam War 277
opium Wars 230 Myanmar: 1962 Coup, 8888 Uprising 278
Boxer Uprising 231 south Thailand insurgency 279
Taiping rebellion 232
russo-Japanese War 233 part 7
sino-Japanese Wars 234
thE
siberian intervention 235
World War ii: Battle of iwo Jima 236
AmEricAs
World War ii: The Battle of okinawa 237 280
Feature: Nuclear Warfare 238
The olmec 282
Chinese Civil War 240
The Maya 283
Korean War 241
The inca 284
afghanistan Civil Wars 242
The aztecs 285
War in afghanistan 243
Prehistoric north america 286
Pequot War 287
part 6
french and indian War 288
southEAst
Chickamauga War 289
The great sioux nation 290
AsiA And thE
red river War, snake War, Modoc War 291
Feature: Wolves of the Sea 292
pAcific
american revolutionary War 294
244
War of 1812 295
The Medang Kingdom 246 The haitian revolution 296
Java Wars: rise of singosari 247 Mexican independence 297
The Mataram sultanate 248 south american Wars of independence 298
Java War 249 Texas revolution 301
Japanese invasion of the Dutch east indies 250 Mexican-american War 302
The Battle of the Java sea 251 american Civil War 303
Feature: The Oldest Weapon 252 spanish-american War 306
Kamehameha i 254 Cuban revolution 307
The Maori 255 War on Drugs 308
australia: The Black War 256 War on Terror 309
The Philippines 257 Feature: Future Conflicts 310
World War ii: Pacific Theater 258 appendix: Chronology 312
World War ii: guadalcanal 259 index 314
Feature: The Ages of Technology 260
han invasion of nam Viet 262
ngo Quyen: nam Viet independence 263
Mongol invasions of Vietnam 264
Ming invasion and occupation of Dai Viet 265
sultanate of Malacca 266
Vietnam-Champa Wars 267

i
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introduction d
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WArfArE in humAn history
The great general robert e. lee, leader of
the Confederate forces in the american Civil
War, once commented, “it is well that war is
so terrible; we should grow too fond of it.” his
victorious Union counterpart, general William
T. sherman, expressed a similar sentiment—far
more bluntly—when he declared “War is hell.”
yet, both men believed that they were fighting
for righteous causes, thereby highlighting the
recurring tragedy of military history: even two-
sided engagements are rarely black and white.
still, few people would profess to be fond
of war. no other human endeavor causes
so much damage, destruction, and death.
yet, it is equally true that to study history,
culture, and, in many cases, religion without
taking warfare into account is difficult. The
history of military engagement is the study
of technology and diplomacy, of religion and
philosophy. it explains our political geography
and the range of our civilizations. no war
can be divorced from its emotional causes
and consequences. Military history touches
on human psychology and belief—the
hidden mechanisms by which we overcome
a disinclination to kill and by which we cope
with loss, remorse, and hard-won triumph.
Military history is, in short, a prism through
which to view the history of the world.
is warfare endemic to the human race, or
is it a cultural construct, learned and thus
potentially susceptible to eradication? scholars’
opinions vary. Viewed across the gamut of
life on earth, warfare is rare. Besides humans,
only ants, wolves, and chimpanzees, have
been observed to wage war. here, warfare is
distinguished from single combat (individuals
of many species compete for mates), murder
(by definition war involves group action), and
manslaughter (death caused unintentionally).
Wars have, certainly, occurred in every human
civilization with a written record, although it is
unclear when, exactly, our species first started
marching off to them.
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