The Atlantic Slave Trade from West Central Africa, 1780-1867 PDF
Preview The Atlantic Slave Trade from West Central Africa, 1780-1867
TheAtlanticSlaveTradefromWestCentralAfrica,1780–1867 TheAtlanticSlaveTradefromWestCentralAfrica,1780–1867traces the inland origins of slaves leaving West Central Africa at the peak period of the transatlantic slave trade. Drawing on archival sources from Angola, Brazil, England, and Portugal, Daniel B. Domingues da Silvaexploresnotonlytheoriginsoftheslavesforcedintothetrade,but alsothecommoditiesforwhichtheywereexchangedandtheirmethods ofenslavement.Further,thebookexaminestheevolutionofthetrade over time, its organization,the demographic profileof the population transported, the enslavers’ motivations to participate in this activity, and the Africans’ experience of enslavement and transportation across the Atlantic. Domingues da Silva also offers a detailed “geographyofenslavement,”includinginformationonthehomelands oftheenslavedAfricansandtheirdestinationintheAmericas. DanielB.DominguesdaSilvaisAssistantProfessorofAfricanhistoryat RiceUniversity. CambridgeStudiesontheAfricanDiaspora GeneralEditor MichaelA.Gomez, NewYorkUniversity UsingtheAfricanDiasporaasitscoredefiningandlaunchingpointforexaminingthe historiansandexperiencesofAfrican-descendedcommunitiesaroundtheglobe,this series unites books around the concept of migration of peoples and their cultures, politics,ideas,andothersystemsfromorwithinAfricatoothernationsorregions, focusingparticularlyontransnational,transregional,andtransculturalexchanges. TitlesintheSeries RashaunaJohnson,Slavery’sMetropolis:UnfreeLaborinNewOrleansduringtheAge ofRevolutions Daniel B. Domingues da Silva, The Atlantic Slave Trade from West Central Africa, 1780–1867 The Atlantic Slave Trade from West 1780–1867 Central Africa, DANIEL B. DOMINGUES DA SILVA RiceUniversity UniversityPrintingHouse,Cambridgecb28bs,UnitedKingdom OneLibertyPlaza,20thFloor,NewYork,ny10006,USA 477WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,vic3207,Australia 4843/24,2ndFloor,AnsariRoad,Daryaganj,Delhi–110002,India 79AnsonRoad,#06–04/06,Singapore079906 CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107176263 doi:10.1017/9781316771501 ©DanielB.DominguesdaSilva2017 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2017 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabySheridanBooks,Inc. AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData names:DominguesdaSilva,DanielB.,author. title:TheAtlanticslavetradefromWestCentralAfrica,1780–1867/ DanielB.DominguesdaSilva. othertitles:CambridgestudiesontheAfricandiaspora. description:NewYork,ny:CambridgeUniversityPress,2017.|Series:Cambridge studiesontheAfricandiaspora|Basedontheauthor’sthesis(doctoral)–Emory University,Atlanta,2011,titled:Crossroads:slavefrontiersofAngola, c.1780–1867.|Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. identifiers:lccn2017019026|isbn9781107176263 (alk.paper)|isbn1107176263(alk.paper) subjects:lcsh:Slavetrade–AtlanticCoast(Africa,Central)–History.|Slave trade–Angola–History.|Slavetrade–Africa,Central–History.| Slavery–Africa,Central–History.|Slavery–Angola–History. Classification:lccht1427.a85d662017|ddc306.3/6209673–dc23 LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2017019026 isbn978-1-107-17626-3Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof URLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. ToLivia Contents ListofFigures pageviii ListofTables ix Preface xi Acknowledgments xiii ListofAbbreviations xv Introduction 1 1 TheAtlanticSlaveTradeintheCenturyofAbolition 16 2 TheCommercialOrganizationoftheSlaveTrade 38 3 TheOriginsofSlavesLeavingWestCentralAfrica 73 4 TheDemographicProfileoftheEnslavedPopulation 100 5 AfricanPatternsofConsumption 122 6 ExperiencesandMethodsofEnslavement 142 Conclusion 167 AppendixA –SlaveOriginsData 172 AppendixB –SlavePricesData 176 AppendixC –ExchangeCommoditiesData 178 Bibliography 200 Index 223 vii Figures 1.1 SlavesleavingWestCentralAfricabynational carriers,1781–1867 page30 1.2 SlavesleavingWestCentralAfricabyport ofembarkation,1781–1867 33 2.1 WindandseacurrentsoftheNorthandSouthAtlantic 39 2.2 Linesofequalcoefficientofvariabilityofrainfall inAngola 69 2.3 SeasonalvariationsintheslavetradefromLuanda, 1736–1808 70 3.1 EstimatednumberofslavesleavingWestCentralAfrica bylinguisticgroups,1831–1855 84 3.2 EstimatednumberofKikongoslavesleavingWest CentralAfricabyethnicgroups,1831–1855 89 3.3 EstimatednumberofKimbunduslavesleaving WestCentralAfricabyethnicgroups,1831–1855 90 3.4 EstimatednumberofUmbunduslavesleavingWest CentralAfricabyethnicgroups,1831–1855 91 4.1 Asugarmill,Brazil,1816 106 4.2 AfricanwomenworkingthefieldsneartheKwango River,1881 110 5.1 Comparisonbetweenpriceandnumberofslavesleaving Luandabydecades,1780s–1830s 124 viii Tables 1.1 SlavesleavingWestCentralAfrica,1781–1867 page21 1.2 SlavesleavingWestCentralAfricabyregionof disembarkation(inthousands),1781–1867 27 2.1 PercentageofslavesleavingWestCentralAfrica distributedbyregionofdepartureandhomeport ofthevesselsthatcarriedthem,1781–1867 41 2.2 Concentrationofownershipofvesselsembarking slavesatWestCentralAfrica,1781–1867 47 2.3 NumberofslavesshippedbyAnselmodaFonseca Coutinho,1768–1806 58 2.4 SizeofCoutinho’sslaveshipments,1768–1806 59 2.5 StructureofownershipinCoutinho’sshipment ofslaves(inrowpercentages),1768–1806 59 3.1 PercentageofslavesleavingWestCentralAfrica bydistancetraveledbetweentheiroriginsinthe interiorandtheirportsofembarkation(inkilometers), 1831–1855 86 4.1 PercentageofmaleslavesleavingWestCentralAfrica byregionofdisembarkation,1781–1867 104 4.2 PercentageofmaleslavesleavingWestCentralAfrica byportofembarkation,1781–1867 108 4.3 PercentageofslavechildrenleavingWestCentralAfrica byregionofdisembarkation,1781–1867 116 4.4 PercentageofslavechildrenleavingWestCentralAfrica byportofembarkation,1781–1867 117 5.1 CommoditiesimportedatLuanda(inthousandsofréis), selectedyears,1785–1864 129 6.1 Koelle’sinterviewees,c.1847 145 ix
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