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THE ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL Founded in 1895 by George E. Hale and James E. Keeler HELMUT A. ABT Editor in Chief Kitt Peak National Observatory Scientific Editors GREGORY D. BOTHUN GEOFFREY BURBIDGE ANNE P. COWLEY BERNHARD M. HAISCH University of Oregon University of California, Arizona State University Solar and Astrophysics Lab., San Diego Lockheed Martin STEVEN M. SHORE EDWARD M. SION CHRISTOPHER SNEDEN YERVANT TERZIAN Indiana University, Villanova University University of Texas Cornell University South Bend JOHN H. THOMAS VIRGINIA TRIMBLE STEPHEN P. WILLNER EDWARD L. WRIGHT University of Rochester University of Maryland and Smithsonian Astrophysical University of California, University of California, Irvine Observatory Los Angeles A. DALGARNO EUGENE. H. AVRETT Letters Editor Deputy Letters Editor Center for Astrophysics Center for Astrophysics AAS PUBLICATIONS BOARD JAMES W. LIEBERT (1994-1996), Chairperson University of Arizona KRISTEN SELLGREN (1993-1996) JAMES J. CONDON (1994-1997) JOHN A. NOUSEK (1994-1997) Ohio State University NRAO, Charlottesville, Virginia Pennsylvania State University HUGH M. VAN HORN (1995-1998) MOSHE ELITZUR (1995-1998) DIMITRI M. MIHALAS (1996-1999) National Science Foundation University of Kentucky University of Illinois Production Manager: Kim LANGFORD Publication Manager: JULIE STEFFEN Chief Manuscript Editor: GERALDINE BRADY Manuscript Editors: WALTER G. GLascorF III, BETH GARRISON, KAREN LesLige Boyp, THAD A. Doria, GreGc M. Hasek, Paut Ruicn, JoHN Myer, EvizaBetH P. MCNULTY, AND Davip B. WITONSKY Electronic Publishing Coordinator: Rick SCHOEN Production Staff: Cinpy GARRETT, CAROLYN CHMIEL, KELLY PATRICK CRONIN, AND SARA ZIMMERMAN Tucson Editorial Office: Janice SEXTON, ALICE PROCHNOW, CANDACE M. HAuseR, PATRICIA CONROY, AND MARLENE SALTZMAN VOLUME 461, PART 1 1996 APRIL 10 AND APRIL 20 PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS FOR THE AMERICAN ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY © 1996 BY THE AMERICAN ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. PUBLISHED THREE TIMES A MONTH COMPOSED BY SANTYPE INTERNATIONAL LIMITED, SALISBURY, ENGLAND PRINTED BY CAPITAL CITY PRESS, INC. MONTPELIER, VERMONT, U.S.A. THE ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL CONTENTS OF VOLUME 461, PART 1 1996 APRIL 10, Number 1 FORMATION OF THE FIRST OBJECTS AND GALAXIES IN THE LONG COSMIC STRING SCHEME Tetsuya Hara, Hideki Y. to, Petri Mahonen, & Shigeru J. Miyoshi RADIATIVE TRANSFER IN A CLUMPY UNIVERSE. II. THE ULTRAVIOLET EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND Francesco Haardt & Piero Madau THE OPTICAL REDSHIFT SURVEY. II. DERIVATION OF THE LUMINOSITY AND DIAMETER FUNCTIONS AND OF THE DENSITY FIELD Basilio X. Santiago, Michael A. Strauss, Ofer Lahav, Marc Davis, Alan Dressler, & John P. Huchra FORMATION OF MASSIVE COUNTERROTATING DISKS IN SPIRAL GALAXIES Aniruddha R. Thakar & Barbara S. Ryden HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS OF THE LUMINOUS IRAS SOURCE FSC 10214+4724: A GRAVITATIONALLY LENSED INFRARED QUASAR Peter R. Eisenhardt, Lee Armus, David W. Hogg, B. T. Soifer,G. Neugebauer, & Michael W. Werner THE MACHO PROJECT FIRST-YEAR LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD RESULTS: THE MICROLENSING RATE AND THE NATURE OF THE GALACTIC DARK HALO C. Alcock, R. A. Allsman, T. S. Axelrod, D. P. Bennett, K. H. Cook, K. C. Freeman, K. Griest, J. A. Guern, M. J. Lehner, S. L. Marshall, H.-S. Park, S. Perlmutter, B. A. Peterson, M. R. Pratt, P. J. Quinn, A. W. Rodgers, C. W. Stubbs, & W. Sutherland THE DARK SIDE OF GLOBULAR CLUSTERS Richard Taillet, Pierre Salati, & Pierre-Yves Longaretti RADIO JETS AND THE FORMATION OF ACTIVE GALAXIES: ACCRETION AVALANCHES ON THE TORUS BY THE EFFECT OF A LARGE-SCALE MAGNETIC FIELD R. Matsumoto, Y. Uchida, S. Hirose, K. Shibata, M. R. Hayashi, A. Ferrari, G. Bodo, & C. Norman THE EINSTEIN TWO-SIGMA CATALOG: SILVER NEEDLES IN THE X-RAY HAYSTACK Edward C. Moran, David J. Helfand, Robert H. Becker, & Richard L. White THE INTRINSIC SHAPES OF STELLAR SYSTEMS Barbara S. Ryden THE EFFECTS OF DUST ON BROADBAND COLOR GRADIENTS IN ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES Michael W. Wise & David R. Silva WASHINGTON PHOTOMETRY OF LOW SURFACE BRIGHTNESS DWARF GALAXIES IN THE FORNAX CLUSTER: CONSTRAINTS ON THEIR STELLAR POPULATIONS Sergio A. Cellone & Juan Carlos Forte CO IN THE BARRED GALAXY NGC 1530 D. Downes, D. Reynaud, P. M. Solomon, & S. J. E. Radford THE X-RAY SPECTRUM OF THE BL LACERTAE OBJECT EXO 0556—2 38538. 6 I. M. George & T. J. Turner MOLECULAR GAS IN THE IRREGULAR GALAXY NGC 4449 Deidre A. Hunter & Harley A. Thronson, Jr. THE INFRARED SPECTRUM OF THE GALACTIC CENTER AND THE COMPOSITION OF INTERSTELLAR DUST A. G. G. M. Tielens, D. H. Wooden, L. J. Allamandola, J. Bregman, & F.C. Witteborn FORMALDEHYDE ABSORPTION TOWARD SAGITTARIUS A T. Pauls, K. J. Johnston, & T. L. Wilson THE HELIUM-CORE MASS AT THE HELIUM FLASH IN LOW-MASS RED GIANT STARS: OBSERVATIONS AND THEORY M. Catelan, J. A. de Freitas Pacheco, & J. E. Horvath THE PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SMALL TRANSLUCENT MOLECULAR CLOUDS. VI. ORGANO-SULFUR SPECIES B. E. Turner MASTER EQUATION STUDIES OF COLLISIONAL EXCITATION AND DISSOCIATION OF H, MOLECULES BY H ATOMS P. G. Martin, D. H. Schwarz, & M. E. Mandy CONTENTS Fiche DISTANCES TO PLANETARY NEBULAE BD +30°3639 AND NGC 6572 91-G3 J. Kawamura & C. Masson A BUTTERFLY IN THE MAKING: REVEALING THE NEAR-INFRARED STRUCTURE OF HUBBLE 12 91-G12 Joseph L. Hora & William B. Latter HIGH-RESOLUTION NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF HUBBLE 12 92-Bl1 K. L. Luhman & G. H. Rieke THE GROWTH RATE OF TIDALLY EXCITED WAVES IN ACCRETION DISKS 92-B13 Ethan T. Vishniac & Changsong Zhang RUNAWAY INSTABILITY OF BLACK HOLE-NEUTRON TORUS SYSTEMS 92-D1 Shogo Nishida & Yoshiharu Eriguchi MODEL ATMOSPHERES FOR LOW-FIELD NEUTRON STARS 92-D11 Mohan Rajagopal & Roger W. Romani MID-INFRARED IMAGING OF YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS 92-E7 Michael C. Liu, James R. Graham, A. M. Ghez, M. Meixner, C. J. Skinner, Eric Keto, Roger Ball, J. F. Arens, & J. G. Jernigan THE UNUSUALLY RICH INFRARED EMISSION-LINE SPECTRUM OF A DEEPLY EMBEDDED LOW-LUMINOSITY YOUNG STELLAR OBJECT Thomas P. Greene & Charles J. Lada OBSERVATIONS OF GRO J0422+32. Ill. A LOW-INCLINATION BLACK HOLE X-RAY NOVA Paul J. Callanan, Michael R. Garcia, Jeffrey E. McClintock, Ping Zhao, Ronald A. Remillard, & Frank Haberl A SEARCH FOR PULSAR COMPANIONS TO OB RUNAWAY STARS R. W. Sayer, D. J. Nice, & V. M. Kaspi THE EFFECT OF VELOCITY GRADIENTS ON CEPHEID SPECTRA: MODELS R. Paul Butler, Roger A. Bell, & Robert B. Hindsley THE TRANSVERSE ACCELERATION INSTABILITY FOR BOW SHOCKS IN THE NONLINEAR REGIME Ruth Dgani, Dave Van Buren, & Alberto Noriega-Crespo ROTATING WINDS FROM ACCRETION DISKS IN CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES: ECLIPSE MODELING OF V347 PUPPIS Isaac Shlosman, Peter Vitello, & Christopher W. Mauche THE WOLF-RAYET STAR HD 197406 WITH ITS STRONGLY IONIZING CLOSE COMPANION Sergey V. Marchenko, Anthony F. J. Moffat, Robert Lamontagne, & Gaghik H. Tovmassian THE LIKELIHOOD ANALYSIS OF EGRET DATA J. R. Mattox, D. L. Bertsch, J. Chiang, B. L. Dingus, S. W. Digel, J. A. Esposito, J.M . Fierro, R.C . Hartman, S. D. Hunter, G. Kanbach, D. A. Kniffen, Y. C. Lin, D. J.M acomb, H. A. Mayer-Hasselwander, P. F. Michelson, C. von Montigny, R. Mukherjee, P. L. Nolan, P. V. Ramanamurthy, E. Schneid, P. Sreekumar, D. J. Thompson, & T. D. Willis THE COSMIC-RAY ENERGY SPECTRUM BETWEEN 10'** AND 10'°? eV COVERING THE “KNEE” REGION M. Amenomori, Z. Cao, B. Z. Dai, L. K. Ding, Y. X. Feng, Z. Y. Feng, K. Hibino, N. Hotta, Q. Huang, A. X. Huo, H. Y. Jia, G. Z. Jiang, S. Q. Jiao, F. Kajino, K. Kasahara, Labaciren, §. M. Liu, D. M. Mei, L. Meng, X. R. Meng, Mimaciren, K. Mizutani, J. Mu, H. Nanjo, M. Nishizawa, M. Ohnishi, 1. Ohta, T. Ouchi, J. R. Ren, To. Saito, M. Sakata, Z. Z. Shi, M. Shibata, A. Shiomi, T. Shirai, H. Sugimoto, X. X. Sun, K. Taira, Y. H. Tan, N. Tateyama, S. Torii, H. Wang, C. Z. Wen, Y. Yamamoto, G. C. Yu, P. Yuan, T. Yuda, C. S. Zhang, H. M. Zhang, L. Zhang, Zhasang, Zhaxiciren, & W. D. Zhou(The Tibet ASy Collaboration) BIFURCATION AND STABILITY OF CORONAL MAGNETIC ARCADES IN A LINEAR FORCE-FREE FIELD K. Kusano & K. Nishikawa MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC WAVES IN SOLAR CORONAL ARCADES R. Oliver, A.W . Hood, & E. R. Priest STOCHASTIC ELECTRON ACCELERATION BY CASCADING FAST MODE WAVES IN IMPULSIVE SOLAR FLARES James A. Miller, T. N. LaRosa, & R. L. Moore ELECTRON TEMPERATURE AND EMISSION MEASURE DETERMINATIONS OF VERY FAINT SOLAR FLARES U. Feldman, G. A. Doschek, & W. E. Behring LANGMUIR INSTABILITIES IN THE SOLAR WIND PLASMA M. V. Canullo & C. D. El Hasi ON THE ENERGY BALANCE OF SOLAR ACTIVE REGIONS Michael Steinegger, Manuel Vazquez, Jose A. Bonet, & Peter N. Brandt CONTENTS MODELING CONVECTION IN THE OUTER LAYERS OF THE SUN: A COMPARISON WITH PREDICTIONS OF THE MIXING-LENGTH APPROXIMATION Yong-Cheol Kim, Peter A. Fox, Pierre Demarque, & Sabatino Sofia 1996 APRIL 20, Number 2 BULK FLOWS IN A SUPER-HORIZON-SCALE INHOMOGENEOUS COSMOLOGICAL MODEL Kenji Tomita THE OBSERVED DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION OF PECULIAR VELOCITIES OF GALAXIES Somak Raychaudhury & William C. Saslaw HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE COUNTS OF ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES: CONSTRAINTS ON COSMOLOGICAL MODELS? Simon P. Driver, Rogier A. Windhorst, Steven Phillipps, & Paul D. Bristow THE CANADA-FRANCE REDSHIFT SURVEY. VIII. EVOLUTION OF THE CLUSTERING OF GALAXIES FROM z~l O. Le Fevre, D. Hudon, S. J. Lilly, David Crampton, F. Hammer, & L. Tresse GALAXY PAIRS, REDSHIFT CATALOGS, AND THE COSMIC PECULIAR VELOCITY Jayaram N. Chengalur, E. E. Salpeter, & Yervant Terzian OPTIMIZING OBSERVING PATTERNS IN COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND RADIATION ANISOTROPY EXPERIMENTS R. K. Schaefer & L. Piccirillo A SPHERICALLY SYMMETRIC MASS ON AN FRW BACKGROUND Mark Israelit & Nathan Rosen MODIFIED NEWTONIAN POTENTIALS FOR THE DESCRIPTION OF RELATIVISTIC EFFECTS IN ACCRETION DISKS AROUND BLACK HOLES I. V. Artemova, G. Bjérnsson, & 1. D. Novikov THE DARK MATTER, GAS, AND GALAXY DISTRIBUTIONS IN ABELL 2218: A WEAK GRAVITATIONAL LENSING AND X-RAY ANALYSIS G. Squires, N. Kaiser, A. Babul, G. Fahlman, D. Woods, D. M. Neumann, & H. Bohringer LUNAR OCCULTATION OF MACHOs Cheongho Han, Vijay K. Narayanan, & Andrew Gould DETECTION OF O vi 41033 EMISSION AND FAR-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRAL VARIABILITY IN THE GRAVITATIONAL LENS PG 1115+080 A. G. Michalitsianos, R. J. Oliversen, & J. Nichols EQUIPARTITION DOPPLER FACTORS FOR A SAMPLE OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI Alberto Guijosa & Ruth A. Daly THE H1 CONTENT OF SPIRALS. I. FIELD GALAXY H1 MASS FUNCTIONS AND H1 MASS-OPTICAL SIZE REGRESSIONS José M. Solanes, Riccardo Giovanelli, & Martha P. Haynes A HIGH-RESOLUTION ROSAT X-RAY STUDY OF THE HERCULES CLUSTER Zhenping Huang & Craig L. Sarazin THE CHEMICAL ENRICHMENT OF GAS IN BROAD ABSORPTION LINE QSOs: RAPID STAR FORMATION IN THE EARLY HISTORY OF GALAXIES Kirk Korista, Fred Hamann, Jason Ferguson, & Gary Ferland AN ANALYSIS OF THE SYNCHROTRON SELF-COMPTON MODEL FOR THE MULTI-WAVE BAND SPECTRA OF BLAZARS Steven D. Bloom & Alan P. Marscher VERY HIGH DENSITY CLUMPS AND OUTFLOWING WINDS IN QSO BROAD-LINE REGIONS J. A. Baldwin, G. J. Ferland, K. T. Korista, R. F. Carswell, F. Hamann, M. M. Phillips, D. Verner, Belinda J. Wilkes, & R. E. Williams HIGH METAL ENRICHMENTS IN LUMINOUS QUASARS Gary J. Ferland, Jack A. Baldwin, Kirk T. Korista, Fred Hamann, R. F. Carswell, Mark Phillips, Belinda Wilkes, & Robert E. Williams SIMULTANEOUS MULTIWAVELENGTH SPECTRUM AND VARIABILITY OF 3C 279 FROM 10° TO 107* Hz R. C. Hartman, J. R. Webb, A. P. Marscher, J. P. Travis, C. D. Dermer, H. D. Aller, M. F. Aller, T. J. Balonek, K. Bennett, S. D. Bloom, R. Fujimoto, W. Hermsen, P. Hughes, P. Jenkins, T. Kii, J. D. Kurfess, F. Makino, J. R. Mattox, C. von Montigny, T. Ohashi, I. Robson, J. Ryan, A. Sadun, V.Schénfelder, A. G. Smith, H. Terasranta, M. Tornikoski, & M. J. L. Turner CONTENTS TIP OF THE RED GIANT BRANCH DISTANCES TO GALAXIES. Ill. THE DWARF GALAXY SEXTANS A Shoko Saki, Barry F. Madore, & Wendy L. Freedman THE HOT GASEOUS HALO OF THE SPIRAL GALAXY NGC 3628 IN THE LEO TRIPLET Michael Dahlem, Timothy M. Heckman, Giuseppina Fabbiano, Matthew D. Lehnert, & D. Gilmore SPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF YOUNG LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD CLUSTERS AS TRACERS OF A BAR PERTURBATION H. Dottori, E. Bica, J. J. Claria, & I. Puerari THE DISCOVERY OF HOT STARS NEAR THE GALACTIC CENTER THERMAL RADIO FILAMENTS Angela S. Cotera, Edwin F. Erickson, Sean W. J. Colgan, Janet P. Simpson, David A. Allen, & Michael G. Burton FAR-ULTRAVIOLET IMAGING OF THE GLOBULAR CLUSTER NGC 7099 WITH THE SECOND WIDE-FIELD AND PLANETARY CAMERA Jeremy R. Mould, Alan M. Watson, John S. Gallagher II1, Gilda E. Ballester, Christopher J. Burrows, Stefano Casertano, John T. Clarke, David Crisp, Richard E. Griffiths, J. Jeff Hester, John G. Hoessel, Jon A. Holtzman, Paul A. Scowen, Karl R. Stapelfeldt, John T. Trauger, & James A. Westphal X-RAY-HEATED CORONAE AND WINDS FROM ACCRETION DISKS: TIME-DEPENDENT TWO-DIMENSIONAL HYDRODYNAMICS WITH ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT 101-A4 D. Tod Woods, Richard I. Klein, John I. Castor, Christopher F. McKee, & John B. Bell GLOBAL ASPECTS OF ELLIPTICAL INSTABLITY IN TIDALLY DISTORTED ACCRETION DISKS 101-D3 Dongsu Ryu, Jeremy Goodman, & Ethan T. Vishniac A SEARCH FOR MILLISECOND PULSARS AT GALACTIC LATITUDES —50° < b < —20° 101-D13 F. Camilo, D. J. Nice, & J. H. Taylor EGRET OBSERVATIONS OF RADIO-BRIGHT SUPERNOVA REMNANTS 101-E10 Joseph A. Esposito, Stanley D. Hunter, Gottfried Kanbach, & P. Sreekumar THE EFFECT OF MULTIPLE SCATTERING ON THE POLARIZATION FROM AXISYMMETRIC CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVELOPES. I. PURE THOMSON SCATTERING ENVELOPES Kenneth Wood, J. E. Bjorkman, Barbara A. Whitney, & Arthur D. Code THE EFFECT OF MULTIPLE SCATTERING ON THE POLARIZATION FROM AXISYMMETRIC CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVELOPES. II. THOMSON SCATTERING IN THE PRESENCE OF ABSORPTIVE OPACITY SOURCES Kenneth Wood, J. E. Bjorkman, Barbara Whitney, & Arthur Code RELATIVISTIC BEAM-MAGNETIC BARRIER COLLISION AND NONTHERMAL RADIATION OF COSMOLOGICAL y-RAY BURSTERS 102-C6 M. V. Smolsky& V. V. Usov STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF GAMMA-RAY PROPERTIES OF ROTATION-POWERED PULSARS 102-D10 Steven J. Sturner & Charles D. Dermer ADAPTIVE SMOOTH PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS AND PARTICLE-PARTICLE COUPLED CODES: ENERGY AND ENTROPY CONSERVATION A. Serna, J.-M. Alimi, & J.-P. Chieze A SEARCH FOR INTERSTELLAR CH,D: LIMITS TO THE METHANE ABUNDANCE IN ORION-KL Maria Womack, A. J. Apponi, & L. M. Ziurys SPECTROPOLARIMETRY OF THE 3 MICRON ICE FEATURE TOWARD THE BECKLIN-NEUGEBAUER OBJECT 102-G12 J. H. Hough, A. Chrysostomou, D. W. Messinger, D. C. B. Whittet, D. K. Aitken, & P. F. Roche AN INFRARED STUDY OF THE STAR-FORMING REGION IRAS 05380-0728 103-A8 Cecilia Colomé, James Di Francesco, & Paul M. Harvey ON THE VISCOSITY-DRIVEN SECULAR INSTABILITY IN ROTATING NEUTRON STARS 103-B8 David Skinner & Lee Lindblom STABILITY ANALYSIS OF BOW SHOCKS 103-C4 Ruth Dgani, Dave Van Buren, & Alberto Noriega-Crespo THE STRUCTURE OF THE BOUNDARY LAYER IN PROTOSTELLAR DISKS 103-C13 W. Kley& D. N.C. Lin NEAR-CONTACT BINARY SYSTEMS IN THE ROSAT ALL-SKY SURVEY 103-E6 J. Scott Shaw, Jean-Pierre Caillaut, & J.H.M.M. Schmitt THE TRANSPORT OF THERMAL RADIATION IN A PROTOSTELLAR ENVELOPE 103-F1 Kenneth M. Chick, James B. Pollack, & Patrick Cassen CONTENTS vii Page Fiche INFRARED RYDBERG EMISSION LINES IN EARLY-TYPE STARS. I. Mg u 972 103-G6 T. A. A. Sigut & John B. Lester CIRCUMSTELLAR INTERACTION IN SN 1993J 993 104-B2 Claes Fr , Peter Luqnad qvist, & Roger A. Chevalier THE ECLIPSING RADIO EMISSION OF THE PRECATACLYSMIC BINARY V471 TAURI 1009 104-C7 Jeremy Lim, Stephen M. White, & Scott L. Cully A SEARCH FOR RADIO PULSATIONS FROM AE AQUARII 104-D4 T. S. Bastian, A. J. Beasley, & J. A. Bookbinder ABSTRACTS OF THE ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES, 1996 MAY EVALUATION OF STATISTICAL TESTS FOR SUBSTRUCTURE IN CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES Jason Pinkney, Kurt Roettiger, Jack O. Burns, & Christina M. Bird UBV PHOTOMETRY OF OB ASSOCIATIONS WITHIN SUPERBUBBLES OF THE LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD M.S. Oey FaR-ULTRAVIOLET STELLAR PHOTOMETRY: FIELDS CENTERED ON p OPHIUCHI AND THE GALACTIC CENTER Edward G. Schmidt & George R. Carruthers INFRARED SPECTRA OF Low-Mass STARS: TOWARD A TEMPERATURE SCALE FOR RED DWARFS S. K. Leggett, F. Allard, Graham Berriman, Conard C. Dahn, & Peter H. Hauschildt COLLISIONAL EXCITATION OF H,O By H, MOLECULES Timothy R. Phillips, Sergio Maluendes, & Sheldon Green INDEX TO VOLUMES 459-461, PARTS 1 AND 2