The Ashtadhyayi. Translated into English by Srisa Chandra Vasu

1897·67.8 MB·English

by  Panini

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BOOK
VI.
THE ASHTADHYAYl OF PANINI
TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH
BY
SRISA CHANDRA VASU, B. A.,
Provincial Civil Service, N, IV. P.
I
Published by Sindhu Charan Bose
at the Panini Office,
1897-
5" 17
V3
TO
^
gir John (Mje,
ifltt'ble JK. <f.
CHIEF JUSTICE OF THE NORTH-WESTERN PROVINCES,
WORK
THIS
is,
WITH HIS LORDSHIP'S PERMISSION,
AND IN RESPECTFUL APPRECIATION OF HIS LORDSHIP'S
SERVICES TO THE CAUSE OF ADMINISTRATION OF
JUSTICE AND OF EDUCATION
IN
THESE PROVINCES,
BY HlS LORDSHIP'S HUMBLE SERVANT
THE TRANSLATOR.

BOOK SIXTH.
Chapter First,
^r*1 it ****** A i n <*3tfa ti *% sm:, It, stoj^t, n
1. In the room of the first portion, containing a
single vowel, there are two*
Upto Sutra VI, i. 12 inclusive it is to be understood that for the first
syllable two are to be made, I. e, the first syllable is to be reduplicated. This
is an adhikara sutra: ail the three words viz $3>n*:, and * and **&& are to be
read in the subsequent sutfas upto VI. I. 12, before the ruleof Samprasarana
begins. Thus SutraVI. 1. 8 says«whenfeefollows, ofan unreduplicated verbal
root". The sense of this sutra is incomplete, unless we supply the three
words ofthis sutra, when it will read thus : «when fe* follows, there are two
in the room of the first portion, containing a single vowel of^an u^nredupli-
cated verbal root". Thus from^:—WHTTC C*f+<**lV' 3- 82= + +3?-
*+*nn+«T VII. 4*59=^rmR "he awoke"), So also TTT^, fTO TOfrom
theroots T^r,*and ¥ H The reduplication takes place through the forceofthe
affix that follows. Thus the affixe^s ofthe Perfect Tense (fefj, the Desidera-
tive (*n0, the Intensive (*f), the vikarana, the Aorist in <**; all cause
reduplication.
The word f&tf3* means that which consists ofone*vowel (srw) H When
a stem or root consists ofmore than one vowel (is a dissyllabic or polysyllabic
root), then the xr^\^ snr* will be titej/lrst syllable: as in w*l the portion *rr is
the JPTS i&n% 'the first portion consisting ofone vowel'. When a root con-
sists ofa single vowel, as? 'to go', then strictly speaking there cannot be
any portion which may be called first (JPT*) or ekach consisting ofa single
io38 Reduplication. [ Bk. VI. Cii I. §. 2.
vowel). Here, however, will this rule be appl—ied and % will be reduplicated,
according to the maxim "^q^f^^^TRrni/' "An operation which affects
something on account ofsome special designation which for certain reasons
attaches to the latter, affects likewise that which stands alone and to which
therefore,just becausethe reasons for it do not exist, that special designation
does not attach". So also in cpsr there is no first syllable strictly speaking,
butstill the rule will apply under the above maxim. In making Reduplications
the Rule I. 1. 59 should always be borne in mind. Thus q^T+sr (nr?* of f^Q
«=•TH* TTir+3?=7 THf+ST (VII. 4. 59 and 60)=TTT^TII
The word f$ in the sutra indicates that the very word-form is to be
doubled or pronounccd-twicc, and not that another word of similar meaning is
substituted. In fact this is not a rule ordaining substitution of two, in the
room ofone; but ofthe repetition ofthe one. Compare VIII. I. I.
^r%: ii sreTrtTERrcw s*ra.i sT^r%1nV^1?^r^T M^^T^aKt i sr^snM^ w$t~
2. Of that whose first syllable begins with a
vowel, there are two in the room of the second portion con-
taining a single vowel.
This debars the reduplication of the first syllable. In a verbal root
beginning with a vowel, and consisting of more than one syllable, the second
syllable is to be re^duplicated and not the first. Thus the *R?cT root srf^T,
(st^+*r^=ST?+f^-f VII. 2. 35=3Tf^r)> reduplicates the second syllable jzv
and the 3rd per. sing is 3TT? RsrfrT, the ^ being elided by VII. 4. 60 : and *f
changed to q- by VIII. 3. 59. ^So also STHnf^if^, srnrc^nt H The last form is
thus evolved, 3E+^^=^t+f?+ (VII. 2. 74)=st*+?+ST (VII. 3. 84, and VI.
I. 51). Here now we have to make reduplication, and if I. 1. 59 be applied,
then since a vowel affix f follows, the reduplication of st* should take place
i. e. the 3£ the sthani should be reduplicated. But we have explained the
sutra ff^hr%sf*T I. 1. 59, by the phrase f$^^HPTTfsr%, i. e. the vowel-affix
causing reduplication. H^ere the vowel-affix f? does not cause reduplication,
but the consonant-affix that does so. Therefore rule I. 1. 59 does not
apply, for f? itself is a ^r^T, and the maxim applies ^tsRtIW^ 3>Psif nfaTTrRrT
^fT**^ "surely that which undergoes an operation can, so for as it undergoes
that operation, not be made the cause of the application of a grammatical
rule". Thus from the root sftf is formed ^rear ; here the root ^fr is gunated
before the augmentf*. Rule I. I. 5 declaring the prohibition of gunation
With regard to f%f» or f|^ words does not apply here. For though ^frs; has
an indicatory y, yet as it undergoes an operation itself, it cannot be the cause
of the application of another rule.