COMPANION The Ashgate Research Companion to the Counter-Reformation Edited by Alexandra Bamji, Geert H. Janssen and Mary Laven ASHGATE RESEARCH COMPANION The AshgATe ReseARch comp Anion To The counT eR-RefoRm ATion ASHGATE RESEARCH COMPANION The Ashgate Research Companions are designed to offer scholars and graduate students a comprehensive and authoritative state-of-the-art review of current research in a particular area. The companions’ editors bring together a team of respected and experienced experts to write chapters on the key issues in their speciality, providing a comprehensive reference to the field. The Ashgate Research Companion to the Counter-Reformation Edited by AlexAndRA BAmji University of Leeds, UK GeeRT H. JAnssen University of Oxford, UK mARy lAven University of Cambridge, UK © Alexandra Bamji, Geert H. Janssen and Mary Laven 2013 All rights reserved. no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. Alexandra Bamji, Geert H. Janssen and Mary Laven have asserted their right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the editors of this work. Published by Ashgate Publishing Limited Ashgate Publishing Company Wey Court east 110 Cherry street Union Road suite 3-1 Farnham Burlington, VT 05401-3818 surrey, GU9 7PT UsA england www.ashgate.com British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data The Ashgate research companion to the Counter-Reformation. 1. Counter-Reformation. I. Counter-Reformation II. Bamji, Alexandra. III. Janssen, Geert H. IV. Laven, Mary, 1969- 282'.09031-dc23 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Ashgate research companion to the Counter-Reformation / edited by Alexandra Bamji, Geert H. Janssen, and Mary Laven. p. cm. Includes index. IsBn 978-1-4094-2373-7 (hardback) – IsBn 978-1-4094-2374-4 (ebook) 1. Counter-Reformation. 2. Catholic Church–History. 3. Church history–16th century. 4. Church history–17th century. I. Bamji, Alexandra. II. Janssen, Geert H. III. Laven, Mary, 1969- BR430.A84 2013 282.09'031–dc23 IsBn 9781409423737 (hbk) IsBn 9781409423744 (ebk – PDF) IsBn 9781409473183 (ebk – ePUB) IV Printed and bound in Great Britain by MPG Books Group, UK Contents List of Illustrations ix Notes on Contributors xi Acknowledgements xv Introduction 1 Mary Laven Part I ConflICt, CoexIstenCe and Convers Ion 1 TridentineCatholicism 15 Simon Ditchfield 2 Confessionalization 33 Ute Lotz-Heumann 3 ReligiousCoexistence 55 Keith P. Luria 4 TheExileExperience 73 Geert H. Janssen 5 TheInquisition 91 Nicholas S. Davidson 6 CatholicPamphleteering 109 Andrew Pettegree 7 CatholicMissionstoAsia 127 Tara Alberts 8 CatholicMissionstotheAmericas 147 Karin Vélez The Ashgate Research Companion to the Counter-Reformation Part II CatholIC lIves and devotIonal IdentItIes 9 BeingaCatholicinEarlyModernEurope 165 Judith Pollmann 10 TheCatholicLifeCycle 183 Alexandra Bamji 11 TheSacredLandscape 203 Alexandra Walsham 12 Sanctity 225 Clare Copeland 13 TheCounter-ReformationoftheSenses 243 Wietse de Boer 14 LaySpirituality 261 Nicholas Terpstra 15 CatholicPietyandCommunity 281 Simone Laqua-O’Donnell Part III Ideas and Cultural PraCtICes 16 IntellectualCulture 301 Michael Edwards 17 ScienceandtheCounter-Reformation 319 Nick Wilding 18 MusicandtheCounter-Reformation 337 Noel O’Regan 19 Counter-ReformationDrama 355 Paul Shore 20 ArtandtheCounter-Reformation 373 Andrea Lepage 21 MaterialCulture 395 Silvia Evangelisti vi Contents Part Iv relIgIous Change 22 CatholicReformations:AMedievalPerspective 419 John H. Arnold 23 TheGlobalizationofReform 435 Karen Melvin 24 LegaciesoftheCounter-ReformationandtheOriginsof ModernCatholicism 451 Mary Laven Index 471 vii This page has been left blank intentionally List of Illustrations 0.1 Virgin of the Rosary of Guápulo, c. 1680, Cuzco school; Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Image © The Metropolitan Museum of Art 2 7.1 Allegory of the spiritual conquest of Asia by the Jesuits; from Francisco de Sousa, Oriente Conquistado a Jesu Christo pelos Padres da Campanhia de Jesus da Provincia de Goa (1710); Cambridge University Library S100.b.71.1. Reproduced by kind permission of the Syndics of Cambridge University Library 132 7.2 Jesuits Matteo Ricci, Adam Schall and Ferdinand Verbiest and Chinese converts Xu Guangqui and Candide Hiu; from J.B. du Halde, Description … de l’Empire de la Chine (1735); Cambridge University Library, Mm.9.6. Reproduced by kind permission of the Syndics of Cambridge University Library 136 11.1 The Holy House of Loreto; from Orazio Torsellino, The History of our B. Lady of Loreto, trans. T[homas] P[rice] ([St Omer], 1608), facing sig. A1r. © The British Library Board, shelfmark 1482.a.39 208 11.2 The Madonna of the Beech, on the slopes of Monte Verna; from Jacopo Ligozzo and Lino Moroni, Descrizione del Sacro Monte della Verna (Florence, 1620), plate P. © The British Library Board, shelfmark 206.i.4 211 11.3 Pilgrims circumambulating the ruined shrine of Our Lady of Runxputte near Heiloo in the Netherlands; engraving by Frederik de Wit, first published Amsterdam, c. 1690. Reproduced by permission of the Museum Catharijneconvent, Utrecht / foto Ruben de Heer 213 11.4 Atrial cross at Taximoroa, Mexico, with inset obsidian mirror. Photograph courtesy of Nicholas Saunders. Reproduced by permission of the Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia, Mexico 220 13.1 Bartolomeo Del Bene, Civitas veri sive morum, 1609. Reproduced by permission of The Vatican Library 251 20.1 Gian Lorenzo Bernini, The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa, 1647−52; Cornaro Chapel, Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome. Scala / Art Resource, NY 374