The Arts of China

1984·19.7 MB·English

by  Michael Sullivan

MICHAEL SULLIVAN
Copyrightedma:
THE ARTS OF CHINA
Michael Sullivan
THE ARTS OF
CHINA
ThirdEdition
UniversityofCaliforniaPress
Berkeley • LosAngeles • London
opyriyrutjumditjridi
UniversityofCaliforniaPress
BerkeleyandLosAngeles,California
UniversityofCaliforniaPress,Ltd.
London,England
Copyright©1967.1973.>977.1984byMichaelSullivan.Allrightsreserved.
LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData
Sullivan,Michael,1916-
ThcartsofChina.
Bibliography:p.
Includesindex.
1.Art,Chinese. I.Title.
N7340.S92 1983 709'.$1 82-16027
ISBN0-520-04917-9
ISBN0-520-04918-7(pbk.)
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
I
i Copyrightedmaterial
Khoan
to
Copyrightedmaterial
Contents
ListofMapsandIllustrations ix
PrefacetotheThirdEdition xix
ChronologicalTabicofDynasties xxii
ReignPeriodsoftheMingandCh'ingDynasties xxiii
1. BeforetheDawnofHistory 1
2. TheShangDynasty 12
3. TheChouDynasty 31
4. ThePeriodoftheWarringStates 40
5. TheCh'inandHanDynasties 34
6. TheThreeKingdomsandtheSixDynasties 85
7. TheSuiandT'angDynasties 114
8. TheFiveDynastiesandtheSungDynasty 141
9. TheYuanDynasty 179
10. TheMini:1)ynasty 198
11. TheCh'ingDynasty 223
12. TheTwentiethCentury 24S
NotestotheText 265
Books,forReferenceandFurtherReading 269
Index 273
Co
5 9
List ofMaps and Illustrations
MAPS 8Pitcher.Ht.29.7cm.ExcavatedatWei-fang.Shan-
tung.People'sRepublicofChina,page10
1 ModernChina,pagexxi 9Hsiensteamer.ExcavatedatChcngchow.Honan,
2ChinaintheNeolithicperiod,page4 pageit
3AncientChinawithmajorShangandChouDynasty 10Scraperordagger.L.about13cm.ExcavatedinPi-
sites,page14 hsien.Kiangsu.People'sRepublicofChina,page11
4ChinaintheWarringStatesperiod,page41 11 Ritualvessel,dunk.Ht.25.6cm.ExcavatedatYen-
5ChinaintheHanDynasty,pagers ihik,Honan.CulturalOfficeofHonan,Yen-shih-
6ChinaduringtheThreeKingdomsandSixI)ynas- hsien.pageit
tiesperiod,page86 12 Ritualvessel,ting.Ht.100cm.Excavatedat
e7asTtherensApsrieaa,dpoafgeB9u7ddhismfromIndiaintocentraland CPhhoctnogcbhyoSwe,thHJoonela,np.agPeeo1p3le'sRepublicofChina.
8ChinaintheT'angDynasty,page115 l1u3ngR-icthu'aelnvge,ssHeul,petiin.g.HHutp.ei4XPrcomv.inEcxicaalvMautesdeuatmP,'an-
9Ch'ang-anintheT'angDynasty,page116 page13
1101 CKihlinnasitienstihnetShuenHgaDnygncahsotyw,apreaag,ep1a4g2e176 A1f4teRrecSohnishtCrhu'catnigo-njoufaanhdouKswea-nagt-Hcshiaioh-tC'luunn,gA,npyaagneg1.7
12ArtisticcentresofsoutheasternChina,page201 15 ReplicaofexcavatedtombatWu-ku.m-ts'un,An-
yang,page18
16Carriageburial,showingbronzefittingsinplace,
ILLUSTRATIONS Anyang,pageiq
a1ftPearne-xpc'aov-attsi'ounn;,nShoewnsai.muPsaretuomf,tphaegNeeolithicvillage- s1h7a,RHituunalanvesHseuln,atnsunP.roHvti.nc2i2a.l8Mcmu.seFuomu,ndpangeearit)Chang-
2Pan-p'o-ts'un,Shensi.Neolithichouses,recon- 18 Ox-head.1.29.21m.ExcavatedaiIlou-<hia-
structed.AfterKwang-chihChang,page6 chuang,Anyang.AcidemiaSinica,Taipei,pageta
3KiaBnogwslu..DPieaopml.e'1s8Rcemp.ubElxiccaovfatCehdinaat,P'pcaig-ehs7icn. A1r9t,UrWnas.hHitn.gt3o3n.,2cDm..C.FpraogmeA2n0yang.FreerGalleryof
4Jar.Ht.17.2cm.ExcavatedinNing-yang-hsien, 20Ttunvase.Hi.zH.zcm.ExcavatedalChcngchow,
Shantung.People'sRepublicofChina,pagf) Honan.People'sRepublicofChina,page21
5Bowl.Diam.44.5cm.ExcavatedinPan-p'o-ts'un, 21 Ya-hsing.page22
Shensi.People'sRepublicofChina,page8 22Sectionalclaymouldsforbronze-casting.After
6Stcmcup.Ht.19.2cm.ExcavatedatWei-fang. ShihCh'ang-juandKwang-chihChang,page22
Shantung.PeoplesRepublicofChina,page8 23 Ritualvessel,Jangting.Ht.42.5cm.Fromthetomb
7Funeraryurn.Ht.40cm.ExcavatedatPan-shan, ofFuHao,Anyang.InstituteofArchaeology,Peking,
Kansu.OstasiatiskaMuseet,Stockholm,page page22
ix
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j
24MajortypesofShangandChoubronzevessels. 46Ritualvessel,hu.Ht.60.6cm.CenterofAsianArt
AfterKwang-chihChang,page23 andCulture,theAveryBrundagcCollection,San
25 Ritualvessel,yu.Ht.36.5cm.FreerGalleryofArt, Francisco,page36
Washington,D.C.,page24 47Ritualvessel,hu.Ht.52cm.People'sRepublicof
26Ritualvessel,chia.Ht.33cm.CenterofAsianArt China,page36
andCulture,theAveryBrundagcCollection,San 48Ritualandfuneraryjades,page37
Francisco,page2$ 49Ritualtube,tsung.Ht.21.5cm.BritishMuseum,
27Ritualvessel,li-ho.Ht.25.4cm.CenterofAsian London,page38
AFrratnacinsdcoC,ulptaugree,2$theAveryDrundageCollection,San L5o0yJaanr.g,HtH.on27a.n5.cPme.opFlre'osmRaeptuobmlbicatofPeCih-iynaoa-,tpsa'ugne,38
2le8ctRioint,uatlheveAsrsetls,Cpo'uoun.ciHlt.of20G.r4ecatm.BrTihtaeinS,clLiognmdaonn,Col- p5a1geC4h2ariotburial.Lui-li-ko,Hui-hsien,Honan,
p2a9geR2i5tualvessel,kuang.Ht.24.2cm.FoggMuseumof S5h2ihM-ycthhiiac-aclhuwainngg,eHdoapneiim.alP.eoLp.lea'bsoRuetp4u0blcimc.oFfrCohmina,
Art,Cambridge,Mass.,page26 PW43
3A0tkiRnitsuMalusveesuseml,,cKhaian.saHts.Ci3t4y.,2Mcom..,Npealgseo2n6Gallery- s5t3ylRei."tuHatl.ve2s3s.e5l,cmli.ngC,ewnittehrroefveArssiiabnleAcrotvearn,d"CLuil-tyurue,
3St1.LRoiutiusa,lvMeoss.el,,pakgue.2H6t.33.2cm.CityArtMuseum, ptahgeeA4v4eryBrundageCollection,SanFrancisco,
32Ritualvessel,tsun.Ht.47cm.ExcavatedatFunan, 54Flask,pien-hu.Ht.31.1cm.FreerGalleryofArt,
Anhui.People'sRepublicofChina,page27 Washington,D.C.,page44
t33rdDmaCgoglelre-catxieon,,kMo.olLn.d2a8l,cmp.agFer2o?mAnyang.A.Hells- C5h5inR-ittsu'aulnv,esLsoeyl,antgin.g.THhte.M1i5n.n2ecamp.olPirsobInasbtliytufteroofm
pP33a4e5goepAKl2nxe8ie'f,seRcwhe'ipi.tubhHltii.bceaxobfhoeuCathdi.2n8aL,c.mp2.a7.gFe5r2co7mm.YFir-toum,ASnhaynatnugn,g. oMA5rf6utsAsHr,eatup,ramnWge,aess4Lsh4oipnlndagoqtunoe,ns,.paDUg.peCp4.e3;rl,o1w.e1r1,.41.c1m1..,5Fcrme.e,rBGrailtliesrhy
pt3A3tias76ooginmeaAS,bnx2tS9eooAa-nfrnbetFlFauaarndnaHdendaj.coCiaLu.sd.lccotI1n,fus5irptg.eiau,9trgcuitetmnhjee.eoso.AFfvrHAetorr.cmyh7AaB-enr9oyulacnonmdgg.ay.g,FcCrPeoCenokmtlielntreghce,o-f oi2555n78f97g3AtBBRrcoeetanmll,c,l.l,kW.DH/pao.wousfC..ph.beiDH,enietltpg.lPasatr6igofol6envr.o.4i4of3nmDccdmitea.CcolomFrM,rbapuet*aesigtroe>SnGuu4aimo6l-n,lhestWrioyuepnh.o,afFnHrA,uereptpr,eaiGWg.aealHs4lt6he.r-y
Ct3h8oimnCbah,aitpmWaeug-eck3au0ravne-dtwsi'tuhn.tiAgneryadensgi.gnP.eoLp.le8'4scRme.puFbrloimcof p6tau0greyS4tA6r.iDk.isntgotnheerbeellilesf.iFnrtohemtaormubbbatinIg-noafn,aSthhiarndt-ucnegn,-
y3a9ngC.arAvceaddcbmoinaeShiannidclae,.TLa.ip1e5i,cpma.geEx3c0avatedatAn- 6aF1rnadnRCciiutsluctaoul,rvepe,asgsteehle4,7Ahvu.erHyt.Br39u.n3dcamg.eCCoelnlteecrtioofn,AsSiaannArt
p4fae0gngeH,joSahrendsoi.fbPrhoontzoesC.ulEtxucraavlaRteeldicastCBuhrueaanug,-pPeok,inFgu.- 6br2idBgeel,t-Mhaososk..,GL.re1n5vi.l7lcem.R.FWoigngtAhrrtopMuBseqeuuems,t.Cpaagme-
47
4Ar1t,TiWgaesrh,ionngetoonf,aDpaCir.,Lp.a7g5e.323cm.FreerGalleryof 6pl3e'sMiRneipautbulriecvoefssCehlisn.aE,xpcaagvea4t8edatCh'ang-p'ing.Peo-
4L2iaoRniitnuga.lvLeisasoeln,inlegi.PHrto.vi4n5c.i2alcMm.usFeruomm,Kp'aog-ets3o3-hsicn, 6c4houC.ovAenrhueid.boHwoln.olHutl.u1A6.c5acdme.mPyroofbaAbrtlsy,fpraogme4S9hou-
4A3rt,RiWtausahlivnegstseoln,,JaDn.g-Ci..,Hpta.ge353.51cm.FreerGalleryof 6pi5t.Stkoemtcbhcohfamrbeecorn,starnudcttreidplteocmofbfisnh.oMwai-nwganlign-itnugio,f
44Ritualvessel,yi.L.36.5cm.BritishMuseum,Lon- Changsha,Hunan.DrawnbyDavidMcltzcr.©1974
don,Mrs.WalterSedgwickBequest,page36 NationalGeographicSociety,page30
4A5tkiRnitsuMalusveesuseml,,kKuaein.saHst.Ci3t0y.,4Mcmo.,Npealgseo3n6Gallery- 6Af6tePraiKnwtaendgf-icghuriihneCshfarnogm,ptaogmeb3s0atChangsha,Hunan.
x
Copyrightedmaterial
67Cultobjectorguardianintheformofahomed, 88ThearcherYi,theFu-sangtree,andamansion.De-
long-tonguedcreatureeatingasnake.Ht.195cm.Ex- tailofrubbingfromastonereliefinthetombshrineof
cavatedinHsin-yang,Honan.People'sRepublicof WuLiang,Chia-hsiang,Shantung,page66
China,page51 89Shootingbirdsonalakeshore,andharvesting.
68Drawingofdrumorgongstand.Ht.163cm.From Mouldedpotterytile.Ht.42cm.FromKuang-han,
Hsin-yang,Honan.People'sRepublicofChina, Szechwan.People'sRepublicofChina,page68
pagest 90Guestsarrivingforthefuneralfeast.Detailofawall
69Womanwithdragonandphoenix.Ht.30cm. painting.FromatombinLiao-yang,northeastern
FromChangsha,Hunan.People'sRepublicofChina. China,page68
page51 91 Gentlemeninconversation.Detailofapaintedpot-
70Bowl.Diam.35.4cm.SeattleArtMuseum,Eu- terytile.Ht.19cm.MuseumofFineArts,Boston,
geneFullerMemorialCollection,page52 page69
71Designsonaninlaidbronzehu,page52 92Paragonsoffilialpiety.Lacquerpaintingonbasket-
7v2ateRdufbrboimngKuofobSatcakteoCfeammeitrerrory.atDiShaamn.g-6t.s7'cunm-.liEnxgc,a- Kwoorreka.boNxa.tiHotn.alofMfuisgueruems,abSoeuotul5,cpma.geF7r0omLo-lang,
Honan.People'sRepublicofChina,page52 93 Detailofafunerarybanner,jeii.FromTombNo.1
7F3ineMiArrtrso,r,BoLsotyoann,gptaygpee5.2Diam.16cm.Museumof oatfMCah-iwnaan,gp-atguei7,1Changsha,Hunan.People'sRepublic
ls7f7e5e4rauonmCMmMi,haruaLrsisooinenrngu,odlmfoeSn,fhp,ooiOueupxrc-afedgcoioehrsf}ocdj}su,awdtpieya.tpgeheL..l5iD22ni1k.aim5n.gcmc1o.5l.lB3arricst,mi.cshaArMsvuehd-mo- 9p9FHl5t4re.'osCF2muoR0nvea5epetcruromabem.rldyibLscbiaqoatnufneaMnrCadeeh-r-riwasnafweanirc,gntoig-pmo,tanMgupajeiaa-.gr7w,1eCaf7hna2anggn--gthsuuhi.a,H.tC.Hhua5nn0ga.s5nh.camP..eo-
o7C7Kou76altnlesTTerahcwsdteoiiCsohiccnuto,ny1n6,tcT.eoMa5nkomcty.ormoi.n,,cpgNphaeagumlgeaosenu5sno3dt?niasGicasnlswl.ietrFhyo-drArmtaekgrionnHsso.MsDuoiskaeamuw.ma,of P9a9Hmtt67oW.MdaeFD2nal7r6i3-lurccemymhd-.m'sseoaFhncurargnipo,tfiemaHcdiiotanpchleoeisninctt.ceoaeniPmneen.sboeepDrobliffeuao'rLrmsni.ecuRroeS3,wp4hruPeicbonem-lgs.ishch(aeFdolnrilfesho,dsCmihw1aiSin1nght3a-ihlB,hu.-,C.)
78SeatedBuddhainabhaya-mudra.Rubbingofarelief chai-shan,Yunnan.People'sRepublicofChina,
inashafttombatChiating,Szechwan,page58 P^73
7br9icGkarteleiwefa.yHtto.a41paclamc.eForrommanSszieocnh.wRaun.bbPienopglfe'rsomRe- 9C8entCearrrfioargAesfiiatntiAngrst.aLn.d1C8u.l4tcumr.e,,2t1h.e5Acvme.r,y9B.5rucnmd.age
publicofChina,pageS9 Collection.SanFrancisco,page74
80Horseandcavalryman.Ht.ofcavalrymanrSocm. 99TLV-typecosmologicalmirror.Diam.20.3cm.
Fromtomb-pitofCh'inShih-huang-d,Lin-t'ung, FormerlyRaymondA.BidwellCollection,Spring-
Shensi.PhotobySethJoel,page60 field,M»ss,page7S
81 Isometricsketchofastonetombat1-nan,Shan- 100Immortalsplayingliu-po.Rubbingfromastone
tung,page61 reliefinatombatHsin-chin,Szechwan,page76
82Horsetramplingonabarbarianarcher.Ht.188cm. 101 MirrorwithTaoistmotifs.Diam.13.7cm.Center
Hsing-p'ing,Shensi.People'sRepublicofChina, ofAsianArtandCulture,theAveryBrundageCollec-
page62 tion,SanFrancisco,page76
83Warrior.Ht.182cm.FromthetombpitofCh'in 102"Wingedcup,"yii-shang.L.13.2cm.FreerGal-
Shih-huang-ti,Lin-t'ung.Shensi,page63 leryofArt,WashingtonD.C.,page77
84Rhinoceros.L.57.8cm.FoundinHsing-p'ing, 103Headandshouldersofahorse.Ht.18.9cm.Vic-
Shensi.People'sRepublicofChina,page64 toriaandAlbertMuseum,London,page77
8F5roLmatmhpetheolmdbboyfkTnoeeulWinagnse(rdviaendt-c.gi1r1l3.BH.tC..)4,8Mcamn.- S1h04enBgu(rdiiaeldsu1i1t3.BL..C.1)88atcMma.n-Fcrho'mentgh,etHoopmebio.fPLeoipule's
ch'eng,Hopei.People'sRepublicofChina,page64 RepublicofChina,pages78-79
86Pacinghorsepoisedonaswallowwithwingsout- 105Figuredsilkfabric.FromNoin-Ula,Mongolia.
stretched.L.45cm.FromatombatLci-t'ai,Wu-wei, HermitageMuseum,Leningrad,page80
Kansu.People'sRepublicofChina,page65 106Wovensilktextile.FromTombNo.1atMa-
87Topofmemorialpillar(ch'ueh)foramemberofthe wang-tui,Changsha,Hunan.People'sRepublicof
Shenfamily.Ch'u-hsicn,Szechwan,page66 China,page80