THE ARTLESS JEW THE ARTLESS JEW MEDIEVAL AND MODERN AFFIRMATIONS AND DENIALS OF THE VISUAL Kalman P. Bland PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY Copyright(cid:211) 2000byPrincetonUniversityPress PublishedbyPrincetonUniversityPress,41WilliamStreet, Princeton,NewJersey08540 IntheUnitedKingdom:PrincetonUniversityPress, Chichester,WestSussex AllRightsReserved LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Bland,KalmanP.,1942– TheartlessJew:medievalandmodernaffirmations anddenialsofthevisual/byKalmanP.Bland. p.cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN0-691-01043-9(cl.:alk.paper) 1.Judaismandart—Historyofdoctrines.2.Tencommandments— Images.3.Art,Jewish.4.Jewishaesthetics.5.Jews—Intellectuallife. I.Title. BM538.A7B552000 296.4'6'09—dc21 99-044922 ThisbookhasbeencomposedinGalliard Thepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimum requirementsofANSI/NISOZ39.48-1992(R1997) (PermanenceofPaper) http://pup.princeton.edu PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To Annabel J. Wharton Contents Acknowledgments ix Introduction 3 One ModernDenialsandAffirmationsofJewishArt: GermanophoneOriginsandThemes 13 Two Anglo-AmericanVariations 37 Three ThePremodernConsensus 59 Four TheWell-TemperedMedievalSensorium 71 Five MedievalBeautyandCulturalRelativism 92 Six Twelfth-CenturyPilgrims,GoldenCalves, andReligiousPolemics 109 Seven ThePowerandRegulationofImagesinLate MedievalJewishSociety 141 Notes 155 Bibliography 201 Index 229 Acknowledgments PORTIONSOFchapter1appearedinJewishIdentityinModernArtHistory, edited by Catherine Soussloff. A different version of chapter 4 appeared in the Journal of the History of Ideas. Chapter 5 appeared in the Journal ofMedievalandEarlyModernStudies.Iamgratefultotheeditorsofthose publicationsfortheirpermissiontoreproducemywork. Deborah Malmud and her staff at Princeton University Press are un- matched in efficiency, professionalism, and humane support. Collaborat- ing with them in the making of this book was an author’s privilege and pleasure. To the many people who read portions of the manuscript and shared their wisdom with me, I am profoundly grateful. Chief among them is AnnabelJ.Wharton,towhomthisbookisdedicated.SidraDeKovenEz- rahi has a keen eye and a heart for encouragement. Rifa"at "Ali Abou El-Haj and Richard I. Cohen know what needs saying. Erich Gruen, Bluma Goldstein, Catherine Soussloff, and Peter Selz were there when I neededthem.RobertAlterandBarryS.Kogangavesagecounsel.Daniel Boyarinofferedearlyandconstantencouragement.ReadersforPrinceton University Press made invaluable suggestions. Had I followed more of theiradvice,IwouldhaverepairedalloftheremainingfaultlinesinThe ArtlessJew. KalmanP.Bland March1999
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