The Artemis European tools for estimating the transport pollutant emissions

17 Pages·2009·2.34 MB·English

18th International Emission Inventory
Conference, Baltimore April 14-17, 2009
The Artemis European tools
for estimating the transport
pollutant emissions
ARTEMIS research project - European Commission, DG TREN
COST346, cooperation action - Heavy duty vehicles emissions
M. André et al.
21/04/2009 1
Summary
1. The ARTEMIS research project
2. The tools - principles
3. Applications
4. European context and perspectives
Most results on
http://www.inrets.fr/ur/lte/publi-autresactions/fichesresultats/ficheartemis/artemis.html
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1- The ARTEMIS research project
• Objective : Harmonized European approaches
for estimating the transports pollutant emissions
– At different scales
– Road and non-road transports
• 37 partners, 15 countries, 5 years, 8.8 M€
• Links with
– A cooperative action COST346 - emissions /
consumption from lorries
– On-going National research projects
• A significant effort to measure and set-up
European emissions factors
• An updated state of the art on transport emissions
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Main works
• Real-world emission test procedures
– Driving and test cycles, for PC, HGV, measurement method,
uncertainty analysis, recommendation
• Measurements and modelling of the emissions
– 130 cars tested, database incl. 3,000 light vehicles
– 120 engine maps (lorries, busses) + transient tests
– 115 Two-wheelers
– Cold-start, A/C, evaporative emissions
– Recent vehicles, non-regulated pollutants and particulates
• Traffic characteristics
( )
(fleet, usage,
Spesteartd u(rbkamn de/nhse) free-flow congested, congested, flowing,
driving conditions) 60 phase urban stops low speed stable
• Validation in
40
3 tunnels
20
0
Artemis urban cycle
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2- The road transport Artemis tools
• Structure and content
– Most pollutants - regulated - non regulated
– Hot, cold start, evaporative, auxiliaries emissions
– Light and Heavy duty vehicles, motorcycles / non-road
– By detailed category, technology, fuel
– By engine size, HDV weight and configuration
– Up to the EURO4 regulation and then, reduction rates
• Scales
– Street, regional, national
– Aggregation from from Street to upper levels
– Hourly - Yearly
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A “Traffic situations” approach for local scale
Road configuration x Traffic condition
UUrrbbaann RRuurraall Speed
Free-flow
90 Heavy
Inner and
Strategic network
local traffic 60 Near saturation
(motorway,
major road)
30 Congestion
Traffic (veh /h)
2000 4000 6000 8000
Urb.Motorway,
primary
distributor
Speed
Representative speed curve
60
30
District
level 0
Access ttiimmeess
0 200 time
+ Speed limit,
gradient, Emission model
Emission model Emission
Emission
sinuosity
(per category of vehicle)
(per category of vehicle)
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Different approaches enabled
NOx, g/km
Passenger cars
2,0
Diesel, Euro 1
• Average speed
Diesel, Euro 2
Diesel, Euro 3
Diesel, Euro 4
1,0
• Detailed traffic situations
– Better taking into account
0,0
of the traffic dynamic 0 50 100km/h
– Better approach NOx emission (g/km) Free-flowing traffic
Heavy traffic
of the congestion, etc.
Near saturation
Stop & go
1,0
• Composite situations
– aggregation of Traffic Sit. 0,5
0,0
Diesel-Euro3 Diesel-Euro3
Urban trunk road, Urban motorway,
speed limit: 50 km/h speed limit: 110 km/h
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Emission model principles
- Heavy vehicles -
Driving resistances &
transmission losses
Normalized Emission Maps
Gear shift
er] 7 Engine maps
ow 6 model
p
ed 5 from 102 engines
at
_r 4
W
k 3 EURO 0 to EURO 3
h)/
g/ 2
Ox[( 1 Transient tests
N
1.0
0.8
PPoe/Pw_raete0.rd6 0.4 0.2 0.0-0.2 0.0 E0.2n0.g4ni_0n.6n oer0.m8 sp1.0eed from 27 engines
Fuel Quality
Engine load, FC,
Transient Correction
emissions
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Emission model principles
- Passenger cars -
Artemis database
Artemis database
2800 cars, 27,000 tests
2800 cars, 27,000 tests
EURO 0 to EURO 4
EURO 0 to EURO 4
Reference “Test patterns”
217 driving cycles
217 driving cycles
and emissions
Acceleration (m/s2)
Factorial % time Urban,
Factorial % time Urban,
Analysis Congested, Congested
Analysis 100
100
, stops
low speeds
Distribution
Urban, Free-flow,
Rural,
unsteady Motorway
0,8
50
50 Urban, Dense Unsteady
,
Urban, Free-flowing
Rural, Steady
Motorway
0 Urban,
0
0
220404060608000 4 A55A6A6A7A7 0,5 Stop&go Rural Ruurnasl,t eMaadiyn r.
810002000 2 A33AA4 A Low speed
speed 11121440++A11AA2 A Motorway,
speed 1 A acceleration Rural,
acceleration
Main roads High speed
Motorway
0,2
, Stable
0 40 80 120 km/h
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Emission model principles
- Passenger cars -
Reference Test patterns and emissions
Acceleration (m/s2)
Urban, Urban,
Congested, Congested
low speeds , stops Traffic situation
Urban, Free-flow,
unsteady Rural, Motorway
0,8 Urban, Dense Unsteady Axis k
,
Urban, Free-flowing
Rural, Steady
Motorway
Urban,
0,5 Stop&go Rural, Main r.
Rural
unsteady
Low speed Factorial Anal%y tsimies
Motorway, % time
Rural,
Main roads Motorway High speed 100
100
0,2
, Stable
0 40 80 120 km/h Distribution
50 Axis j
50
km/h Urban, district distributor, 70 km/h
Free-flow Heavy Saturated Stop&Go
0
0 0 Test Cycles
60 s2ps2040pe40ee60de6080d80100100120120140140++A1A1A2A2aA3cA3cA4eA4lA5eA5rA6aA6tA7ioA7n Axis i
acceleration
(cid:190)Emission for a large range of traffic
30
situations by interpolation of a
Traffic situations - Speed curves
representative speed curve amongst
0 the reference test patterns
Time (s)
0 600 1200
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