The ARTEMIS concept for document digitalisation and teletransmission

252 Pages·2008·12.65 MB·English

by  European Commission

Commission of the
European
Communities
Electronic Document
Delivery
The ARTEMIS concept for document
digitalisation and teletransmission
A study prepared for the Directorate-General Information Market and Innovation,
Commission of the European Communities
by Adrian Norman (Team Leader)
Arthur D. Little
ÍÍ
Learned Information
Oxford and New Jersey

Electronic Document
Delivery
PARI. tunc?. Biblioth.
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The views expressed in this report are not necessarily
those of the Commission of the European Communities.
COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES.
Electronic Document
Delivery
The ARTEMIS concept for document
digitalisation and teletransmission
A study prepared for the Directorate-General Information Market
and Innovation, Commission of the European Communities
by Adrian Norman (Team Leader)
Arthur D. Little
PARL. EUROP. Bibffoth.
N. C.
Com. //*L Z
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Learned Information 1981 Oxford and New Jersey
evn. Vito
Published by
Learned Information (Europe) Ltd. Learned Information Inc.
Besselsleigh Road The Anderson House
Abingdon Stokes Road
Oxford 0X13 6LG Medförd, N.J. 08055
England U.S.A.
ISBN 0 904933 29 6
Publication arranged by:
Commission of the European Communities,
Directorate-General Information Marketand Innovation,
Luxembourg
EUR 7170
© ECSC, EEC, EAEC, Brussels and Luxembourg, 1981
All rights reserved
LEGAL NOTICE
Neither the Commission of the European Communities nor any person
acting on behalf of the Communities is responsible for the use which
might be made of the following information.
PREFACE
During the last six years, when Euronet became established, the Commission of the European
Communities has initiated more than a hundred studies which are more or less closely related to
Euronet, amongst them the ARTEMIS study. I dare say the ARTEMIS study belongs to those
few which have the greatest consequences, others being the call for proposals for demonstrations
in the field of electronic delivery of primary documents, published in the Official Journal of the
European Communities, C 184,22 July 1980, and then the exhibition and workshop on electronic
delivery of primary documents (18/19 December 1980 in Luxembourg) at which manufacturers
presented their relevant equipment and services. The proceedings of the workshop will be pub
lished during the first half of 1981.
For all that, this result could not be foreseen in December 1979 when we commissioned the
ARTEMIS study. Quite early on the Commission realised that Euronet had to be backed up by a
fast document delivery service. In 1978 we commissioned the Franklin study which concluded
that documents should be ordered electronically in order to do away with postal delays, at least
in one direction. But the Franklin Report also dealt with copyright, an issue which soon provoked
a dispute between publishers and librarians resulting in a stoppage of all further development of
document delivery within the framework of Euronet, with one exception: the parties involved
and the Committee advising the Commission on IDST policy questions could agree to the
Commission undertaking a purely technical study on document digitalisation and teletransmission
provided that it did not touch on the copyright issue. Ergo ARTEMIS.
The copyright issue is now being investigated in parallel and will be discussed at another work
shop, probably in Autumn 1981.
Carlo Vemimb
Directorate-General XIII
Commission of the European Communities
ABSTRACT
This report describes a document delivery service, code name ARTEMIS, which prints out on
readers' terminals the pages of scientific and technical documents requested from computer data
bases.
Source documents are 'digitalised', that is, converted to computer readable form, either as text or
as facsimile. The former can be printed on a teleprinter, but does not preserve all the format of
the original; the latter can be delivered to a facsimile receiver.
The digitalised documents are stored in data bases attached to host computers. From these, they
can be retrieved in response to a user's request and sent overnight via Euronet or another tele
communications network to the user's unattended terminal or to his computer for later printing.
ARTEMIS is a marketplace where information providers and users meet. It should be an open
system, with thousands of users and many hosts and data bases, all conforming to standards
which make interworking possible. Nevertheless, few of these standards are exclusive to
ARTEMIS, which merely promotes existing standardisation efforts.
The study leading to this report was undertaken by management consultants from ADL. They
investigated the feasibility of the system and concluded that all the necessary technology exists
already. Legal, management and regulatory issues appear to be surmountable, so ADL has
recommended to CEC DG XIII that technical trials be started. Meanwhile, agreement must be
sought on the proper protection of intellectual property — an issue outside the scope of ADL's
study.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
MANAGEMENT SUMMARY 1
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 THE REASON FOR ADL'S STUDY 9
1.2. STUDY METHODOLOGY 10
1.3 CONCLUSIONS 11
1.4 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT 13
2. THE DOCUMENT DELIVERY PROBLEM
2.1 TODAY'S METHODS OF DOCUMENT DELIVERY 15
2.2 EXPERIMENTS TO IMPROVE DOCUMENT DELIVERY 17
2.3 REQUIREMENTS AND BEHAVIOUR OF USERS OF
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL INFORMATION 18
2.4 NUMBERS AND TYPES OF DOCUMENTS 21
2.5 PRESENT DELIVERY COSTS 27
3. TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS TO THE DELIVERY PROBLEM
3.1 TELECOMMUNICATIONS DEVELOPMENT 29
3.2 STORAGE DEVELOPMENTS 33
3.3 THE DATA CONTENT OF A PAGE 37
3.4 DOCUMENT CAPTURE 39
3.5 SUMMARY OF COSTS OF DOCUMENT CAPTURE
AND STORAGE 42
3.6 DOCUMENT RECEIVING AND PRINTING 46
3.7 SUMMARY OF DELIVERY AND PRINTING COSTS 51
4. LEGAL, REGULATORY AND MANAGEMENT ISSUES
4.1 TELECOMMUNICATIONS REGULATIONS 53
4.2 TRANS-BORDER DATA FLOW AND DATA
PROTECTION 55
4.3 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 57
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Page
4.4 IMPACT ON STAKEHOLDER INTERESTS 58
4.5 STANDARDS 60
4.6 PRICING POLICY 66
4.7 ACCOUNTING 68
4.8 LOCATING DOCUMENTS 69
THE LIKELY DEVELOPMENT OF ARTEMIS
5.1 SERVICES TO BE PROVIDED 71
5.2 THE FULL TEXT STORES 72
5.3 ADDING DOCUMENTS TO STORES 74
5.4 PRINTING CENTRES 76
5.5 COMMUNICATIONS 77
5.6 SYSTEM PERFORMANCE 79
APPENDICES 81
GLOSSARY 227