The Art of Woodworking. Sharpening and Tool Care

148 Pages·1994·0.59 MB·English

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THEA RTO FW OODWORKING
HOMEWORI$HOP
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WORKSHOGPU IDE
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POWETR( )()LS AFETTYIP S
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. Weaar ppropriastaef etey quipment: o Maintaiann dc leanto olsr egularly. . Makes uret hatl ightinga ndv entilation
safetyg lassesa, faceo r dustm aski f Keepa ll bladesa ndb itss harpc, lean, in the worka reaa rea dequate.
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youa res andinga,n dh earinpgr otection and undamagedC.h eckr egularlfyo r
if youa reo peratintgo olsf ora ne xtend- loosep artsa ndf rayedc ords. o Don otu set oolsi f the floori s dampo r wet.
edp erioodf t ime. I
r Neverc arrya connectetdo olw ithy our . Keepy ourw orka reac leana ndt idy;
. Clampa llw orkpiecseesc urewlyh enev- fingero n the trigger. clutterc an leadt o accidentsK. eepp ets,
er possibtleo keepb othh andfsr eet o childrena, ndo nlookerasw ayf romt he I
nnpraip ihp innl . Tie backl ongh aira nda voidw earing worka rea.
loosec lothingR. emoveri ngsa ndo ther t
. Be awareo f the positiono f the power jewelryth atc anc atcha ccidentalliyn r Concentratoen the job. Don otr ush
corda t all times. movingp arts. or take shortcutsN. everw orki f you are
tired,s tresseodr haveb eend rinking I
. Makea ll adjustmenttso a toolw itht he . Do noto verreachK.e epp ropefro oting alcohool r usinga nym edicatiotnh at
innl rnnlrroocd andb alancaet allt imes. inducesd rowsiness.
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TYPICAPL OWERTO ()I PLUGGININGS AFELY
WATTAGREA TING
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T00r WATTSA I
START-UP I
BRAN@/ BELSTA ISDIR
Airc ompress(o3r- hp) 4000
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Tables aw( %-hp) 4000
Sabesra w I 500 2.4A 42653 426 I
,rr ro HI/o
Circulasra w( 7%") 2000
Circulasra w( 6%") 1800 CAUTION: ["t*it:i?i5l6, u". "*LyT DENTR.AEL'L A.EMpEANRTr s. t
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Belts ander I 500 illAl{UfACURtR uo1",".,"o
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Bencghr inde(r% -hp) 15 00
Orbitasla nder 900 I
Router I 500
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Electridcr ill( %") 800
Electridcr ill( %") 600 Checkingg roundinga nd load requiremenlo
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Ensuret rhal a Iool is rated elecLricalloya fe,c heckinq
Poweprl ane 600 Vower
ito nameVlateA. oamVlen ameVlaleis showna boveA. tool
; t
ffi Electridcr ill( %") 500 shouldb ea pprovedb yl he UL( UnderwnterLsa boratorieoo)r
Random-osrbaint der 500 COA( CanadiaSnL andardAs ssocialion)A.l oom akes uret hal
),j I
n HVLPs prays ystem 400 the Vowetro ol ie groundedo r double-ineulaLed.
A groundetdo ol hasa lhree-pronpql uqa ndm ayb em arked
"qroundinq I
Bffi required"a' ,d ouble-insulaletodo l is marked
"double
l'p'{! Thes tart-upw attageo f a powetro oli s gener- ineulaNeda"n d mayb earN hes ymboel hownF. ora I
ally3 0-40%h ighetrh ant her unninwg attage. ?owerL oolo r exten;ionc ordw ith a Nhree-Vronpql uq,u se
Usingth ef ormula(v oltsx dmps= watts)y,o u onlya eimilaro uNletn: everb endo r removeL het hird,o r
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cana voido verloadiannge lectriccailr cuibt y qroundinqV, ronqo f a pluq.E neureth aNL heo utrleLu,e ually
determininwgh ethethr em aximumlo ada on a 15-o r 20- ampc ircuitrc,a n Vrovtdeeu fficienct urrentf,o r I
toolw illd rawe xceedtsh ea mperagoef the NheV oweNr oolC. heckNhaem peraqera tringo f Lhep owetro ol
circuit0. n a 11O-voclitr cuitf,o re xamplae, on its nameplalei;f iNi e rated af,1 Oo r morea m?ereoI,u rn
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7%-incchir culasra ww ouldd raw1 8 amos off anyh iqhc urrentr-drawianpgp lianceoop eralinqo nlhe
(110x znlps= 2000).T hes awc ouldo ver- sa mee lecLraicl circuitr.
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loada 1S-amcpi rcuitb, utn ota 20-amopn e.
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THEA RTO FW OODWORKING
SHARPENING
ANDT OOI CARE
THE ART OF WOODVVORKING
S W E N I N G
AI\IDTOOLCARE
TIME-LIFBEO OKS
ALEXANDRIVAI,R GINIA
ST.R EMYP RESS
MONTREALN. EWY ORK
THE ART OF WOODWORKING was produced by THECONSUITANTS
ST.R EMYPRESS
Mil<eD unbar buildsf ine fumiture at his worlshop in Portsmouth,
PUBLISHER KennethW inchester New Hampshire. The author of sevenb ooks and a contributing
PR.ESIDENT Pierre L6veill6 edrtoro f AmericanW oodworkear nd EarlyA mericanL ife maga-
zines,D unbar alsoo ffersW indsor chairmakings eminarsa cross
SeriesE ditor PierreH ome-Douglas NorthAmerica.
SeriesA rt Director Francine Lemieux
SeniorE ditor Marc Cassini Giles Miller-Mead taught advancedc abinetrnakinga t Montreal
Editor Iim McRae technical schoolsf or more than ten years.A native of New
Art Directors Normand Boudr..ault,L uc Germain ZeaLandh,e hasw orked asa restorero f antiquef urniture.
Designers H€ldne Dion, Michel Gigubre
PictureE ditor Christopherf ackson Td Fuller is product managera t Delta lnternational Machin-
Writers Andrew JonesD, avid Simon erylPorterC able( Canada).H e is currently working in new
ResearchA ssistant BryanQ uinn product developmenta nd marketingf or woodworking tools
Co n tr ibu ting Illustra to rs Gilles Beauchemin,R oland Bergerat, and equipment.H e is alsoa n amateurwoodworker.
Michel Blais,J ean-GuyD oiron,
Ronald Durepos, Robert Paquet,
Maryo Proulx, JamesT h6rien
Administrator Natalie Watanabe Sharpening& tool care.
Production Manager MichelleT urbide p. cm.- (The Art of woodworking)
SystemC oordinator fean-Luc Roy Includesi ndex.
Phongrapher Robert Chartier ISBN0 -8094-9933-9
Adminis t ra tive A ss is tant Dominique Gagn6 1 Woodworkingt ools- Maintenancea nd repair.
Proofreader GaretM arkvoort 2. Sharpeningo f tools. I. Time-Life Books.
Indexer ChristineM . facobs IL Title: Sharpeninga nd tool care.
III. Series.
TT186.5451 994
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TIME-LIFEBOOKS
@ 1994T ime-Life BooksI nc.
All rights reserved.
President John D. Hall
No part ofthis book may be reproducedin any form or by
Vice-PresidentD, irector of Marketing Nancy K. Jones
ExecutiveEditor RobertaConlan any electronico r mechanicaml eans,i ncluding information
storagea nd retrievald eviceso r systemsw, ithout prior writ-
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ten permissionf rom the publisher,e xceptt hat briefpassages
may be quoted for reviews.
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R 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
CONTENTS
6 INTRODUCTION 86 MAINTAINING PORTABTE
POWERT OOLS
12 SHARPENINGB ASICS 88 Maintenanceti ps and schedules
14 The cutting edge 90 Anatomy of a router
16 Sharpeningto ols and accessories 92 Anatomyo f a sabers aw
18 Benchstones 94 Anatomyo f a platej oiner
20 Benchg rinders 95 Anatomy of an electricd rill
96 Anatomy of a sander
24 SHARPENINGA ND MAIN- 97 Anatomy of a circulars aw
TAINING HAND TOOLS 98 Repairingp ortablep ower tools
26 Handsaws
30 Chiselsa nd gouges 104 MAINTAINING STAIIONARY
39 Benchp lanes POWERT OOLS
46 Scrapeis 106 Basics tationaryto ol maintenance
51 Roughinga nd shapingt ools 108 Thbles aws
55 Bracesa nd bits 113 Radiala rm saws
I20 Band saws
58 SHARPENINGP OWERT OOL 126 |ointers and planers
BLADESA ND BITS 131 Drill Presses
60 A galleryo f bladesa nd bits I33 Lathesa nd shapers
6I Toolsa nd accessories 136 Other tools
for sharpening
62 Routerb its and shaperc utters 140 GLOSSARY
64 Molding knives
65 Drill bits r42 INDEX
70 Circular sawb lades
73 Band sawb lades 144 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
79 Jointera nd planerk nives
TNTRODUCTION
RichardS tarro n the
\ALUE OF
SHARPT OOLS
\/\/ henI wasa kid I thoughtw orkingw oodw asr eallyd ifficult.I r was,t oo,
Y Y becausme y dad'st ool benchw asd ominatedb y roughs crewdrivearsn d
assortewd renchesd,u ll sawsa, nda fewa ugebr its.I remembeirt with fondness
becausiet helpeds etm e on mylifet path,b ut it sured idrt'te ncouragme et o mas-
ter thep ieceso f rough,s plittyp inet hatI occasionalwlyo rkedo n.
Sharph andt oolsw erea revelationto a guyw ho grewu p thinkingt hat wood-
workingr equireds omes orto f speciagle niusa nda lot of powerfrrel quipment.When
I encounteread c raftsmanw hob uilt finec ountryf urniture,m ilesf rom then earest
powerli ne,I wasi nspiredto learna sm ucha sI coulda bouth owt o maketo olsw ork
well.A sa resultw, oodb ecamea muchm orew elcomingm ateriatlo me.T odaya, sa
seasoneteda cheorf woodworkingtcoh ildrenm, yjobi st o helpm ystudentasp preciate
thepossibilitioefsw oodT. helastthinIgw anttod oi sl ett hemworkwithbumtools.
It is easyto fall in lovew ith handt ools.I havea smalcl ollectiono f time-mellowed
implementtsh atI wouldn ott hinko f puttingt o work Theyr epresenaht istoryo f effort
andp roblern-sohitnhga ti sa c omfortto mym odernm ind"I alsoh arao therfi neo ldt ools
thataref requentlypuint to serviceB.u tthet oolsI usew erydayint eachinghavmeu ch
las of ana uraa boutth ernK idsb angth ema rounda ndd ropt han allt oof requentlWy.h at
is importanta boutt hemi s thatt heyw orkr ight.
Thed ifferencbee tweena dull tool anda sharpo nei s somethinegv eryw ood-
workern eedsto know.It is the differencbee tweenth e frustratedk id I wasa ndt he
kidsI teacht odayW. henI showa childh owt o whittle,h e or shei s expectetdo try
everyk nifeo n ther ack,u suallyfo ur or fivet ools.O nlyb y makingt his comparison
will it becomec learw hicha rer eallys harpa ndw hicha rej ust okay.
Everyw oodworkehra sh iso r hero wnp referredw ayt o sharpena n edgeto ol.
Someu seo il stoness,l ows andstonweh eelsA, rkansasst oneos r leathesr tropsO. thers
preferf apaneswea ters tonest,h eu seo f whichi s almosat ritual.l n my schoosl hop,
I needt o work quicklya ndI havelo ngs inces ettledo n a grindingb elt andb uffing
wheelA. t home,I havefa lleni n lovew ith then ewt echnologoyf diamonds tones.
I firmly believeth at,w hiles harpt oolsa ree ssentiatlh, erei s no oner ight wayt o
sharpento ols,o nlyt heb estw ayf or you.I t takesti me to figurei t out,b ut it is time
you mustb e willing to spendI.t is like buildingt he foundationo f your home.
Everythinge lser estso n it.
RichardS tan hast aughtw oodworkingt o middles choosl tudentsin
Hanover,N ewH ampshire,s ince1 972.H is bookWoodworkingw ith Kids
isp ublishedbyT huntonP ressS. tarrh asw ritten numerousa rticlesf orEtne
Woodworking, Today'sW oodworker and otherp ublications.H is televi-
sion seriesWoodworkingfo r Everyonew asb roadcasot n public television.

INTRODUCTION
Philip Lowed iscusses
MAINTAINING
PO\MERTOOLS
teppingu p to ap oorlym aintainemd achincea nc reatea spectrumof emotions
from apprehensioton f rustrationW. hent heh andwheeoln yourt ables awf orces
yout o onek neer, equiringtw oh andsa nda ll of yours trengthto raiseth eb ladea, nd
whent hem achines creamasn ds mokeb illowsa ss tockis fedt hroughf,a ceit : Itt
timet o do a littlem aintenance!
Perhaptsh em osts traightforwarpda rto f shopm aintenanciset heo bviousre ason
behindit safetya nde fficiencIyt. i sv eryi mportantto keepc uttingim plementssh arp.
Morea ccidenotsc curw ith dullt oolsb ecausmeo ref orceis r equiredto operatteh et ool.
Youl l needa fewt oolst o gety ous tartedi,n cludinga greasgeu n,a no il canW, D-
40*, graphites, ilicons praya, ndp astew ax.I t is alsoc onvenientot havea seto f
wrenchess,o cketsh,e xw renchesa,n db rushefso r cleaningg earsF. inallyp, icku p
somea brasivessu cha ss teelwoofli,n es iliconc arbidep apera, nda mill filef or debur-
ring shaftsa ndn icksi n tabletops.
Cutterss ucha ss awb ladesk,n ivesfo r jointersa ndp lanerss,h apecr uttersb, itsf or
routersa ndd rill presseasn dt urningt oolsm ustb ek epts harpa ndf reeo f pitcha nd
resini n ordert o cut cleanlyP. itcha ndr esino n cuttersa nds awb ladesw, hichc an
causeki ckbackc,a nb er emovedw ith sprayo venc leaneSr. omein -houses harpening
canb ed onet o carbideto olsw ith a diamonds toneH. igh-speesdte ecl utterss ucha s
turningt oolsa nds hapekrn ivesc anb es harpeneodn ab enchg rindeor r honedw ith
ab encha nds lips tones.
Alignmenot f tablesa ndf enceiss alsoi mportantT. hep ositiono f a tabletopis
importante specialilfy i t hass lotsc uti n it for miterg augeTs.h es lotsn eedto bep ar-
allelt o thec uttersT. hes ameis t ruef or fences.
Lubricateg earsa ndw ayst hat raisea ndl owera rborsa ndt ablesL. ubricationo f
exposegde aras ndw ayss houldb ed onew ith graphites,p rays ilicono, r pastew axT hese
drylubricantsp revenbt uild up of sawdustht atw ouldo ccurif thep artsw ereg reased
or oiled.B earingws ith greasfeit tingso r oil capss houldb ea ttendedto periodically
with the appropriatleu bricant.
Thet ablesa ndb edso f all machinessh ouldb ei nspeaeda nd,if necessafriyle, df lat.
Thesesu rfacessh ouldb ek eptf reeo frusta ndp aints platteringasn ds houldb ec leaned
with steewl oolo r fines ilicon-carbidpea perO. ncec leana, na pplicationo f pastew ax
will helpp revenrtu sta nda llows tockt o slidea crostsh es urfacew ith lesse ffort.
PhilipC .L owem akefsin ef urniturei n hiss tudioin BeverlyM, assachuseLttosw. e
hasb eenb uildingfu rniturefo r clientsth roughouNt orthA mericfao r thep ast2 5
yearsa, ndh ass pen1t 0y earsa sh eadin structoorf thef urniturep rograma t North
BenneSt treeSt chooinl BostonM, assachuseHttesi .s f filiated with theErneWood-
workings erieos f videosa ndh isw rittenw orlefsre quentlya ppeairn theirm agazine.
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