The Art of the Stone Age - 40000 Years of Stone Age Paintings

252 Pages·1961·42.57 MB·English

by  Hans-Georg Bandi

THE ART OF
THE STONE AGE
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ART OF THE STONE AGE
40.000 YearsofStoneAge
Paintings
byHans-GeorgBandi
60tipped-inillustrationsinfullcolor
ArtoftheStoneAgewasunknown
until 1879whentheworld-famous
cave ofAltamira was discovered. th American Indian Books,
Then,little morethan ahalf-cen- is, pius other importantau-
turyago,interestintheartofStone im books.
Age man arose. Each new disco-
very demonstrated that primitive
manwasnotso "primitive" aswe
had thought; that his art was so- d .^fi^K^W^
pisticated in many ways with a
freshness and in immediacy of
approachthatthetwentiethcentury
might envy.
Thisnewandcomprehensivebook
onArt oftheStoneAge has been
preparedby experts underthesu-
pervisionofDr.Hans-GeorgBandi,
ProfessorattheUniversityofBerne,
Switzerland.Dr.Bandi,himself,has
writtenthe article onthe Spanish
Levant.ThechapterontheCanta-
brians is by Abbe H. Breuil and
Dr. L. Berger-Kirchner. Dr. Henri
Lhote, recently returned from an
archaeological expedition in the
Sahara isresponsibleforthechap-
ter on North African art, and Dr.
E. Holm, a well known scholar,
wrotethearticleon SouthAfrican
art.Dr.A.Lommel,Directorofthe
Munich Museum of Ethnology,
decribes recentAustralian discov-
eries. In short, Art of the Stone
Age, with its many illustrations,
givesabroadpictureoftheimpor-
tantartistic creationsofearlydays
andofthegreatepochsintheearly
historyofmankind.
Thejacketpaintingisfromacave
in SouthRhodesia.
CROWN PUBLISHERS, INC.
NEW YORK
THE ART OF
THE STONE AGE
FORTY THOUSAND YEARS OF ROCK ART
HANS-GEORG BANDI HENRI BREUIL LILO BERGER-
- -
KIRCHNER HENRI LHOTE ERIK HOLM
- -
ANDREAS LOMMEL
CROWN PUBLISHERS, INC. NEW YORK
Translated by Ann E. Keep,Dr. Phil.
The frontispiece represents the head and chest of a
bull. The horns are in twisted perspective. Above, on
theleft,theheadofahorsepaintedinblackandbrown.
Aurignacian-Perigordian. Picture gallery, Lascaux.
FIRSTPUBLISHEDIN 1961
HOLLEANDCO.VERLAG, BADEN-BADEN,GERMANY
PRINTED IN HOLLAND
LIBRARYOFCONGRESSCATALOGUECARD NUMBER
61-10701
LIST OF PLATES AND MAPS
FRANCO-CANTABRIAN ROCKART Bardai:oxwithlonghorns
Lascaux: bullandhorse WEladGrieiDrjiebraatt::gairracfhfeers 112236
NLAAFNBLMlliaioaeottsaanunaacuutmPtmmaoxx-eeiiur::d-srtrxeLpeaa:hb-aal::ie:Gtnssaar:hbmodbuoiianibsmnlnssooeleedofna::nhrsaoberilbsseieospsnohnant JWWSJSSAeeeaauaafffbbaddaaabbnrrriiaa:r::rrhDDemmesejjnnhaatee::ess:rrpkkaa'h'htteeAeW::eddnrhrtdwfidwdiratanooerenesfrmacciL'eacooaarnrtdsstyl'e 11!111115433344411704481
Gargas:silhouetteofhands ROCKARTOFSOUTHAFRICA
Pech-Merle:friezewithhorses
CapBlanc:horse WesternTransvaal:rhinoceros 155
Rouffignac: headofrhinoceros Maretjiesfontein:detailofquagga 160
Tucd'Audoubert:bisonsculpture Natal:antelopecows 163
Covalanas:hinds MountSt.Paul:'cloud'elephant 166
ROCKART OF THE SPANISH LEVANT SDirlaokzewnasnbee:rpgoMltysc.h:reolmaendgiraffes 116729
CuevadelCharcodelAguaAmarga:hunter Nswatugi: kuducow 174
MorellalaVella:wildgoat Leeufontein:rhinocerosandlion 178
CuevasdelCivil:archer WesternTransvaal:giraffe 181
CuevasdelaAraiia:hind Nswatugi:groupofgiraffesandzebras 185
CingledelaMolaRemigia:menwithbows Nswatugi:giraffeandquagga 187
CingledelaMolaRemigia:spider Maretjiesfontein:antelopecow
CingledelaMolaRemigia: WesternTransvaal:elandbuck
anthropomorphousfigure DrakensbergMts.:elandsresting
Nswatugi: kuducows
ROCKARTOFTHEMAGHREB
ANDSAHARA ROCKARTOFAUSTRALIA
WadiDjerat:groupofrhinocerosesand Wonalirri:wondjinafigure
ostriches 104 Aulen:snakewitheagle
Bardai:elephant 107 Wonalirri: figureswitharcs
WadiDjerat:ox Ngungunda:squattingfigure 219
WadiDjerat:headsofpelicans Hawker:lizard-likeanimal 883
WadiDjerat:lion AyersRock:rockpainting 227
Bardai:oxwiththickhorns
MAPS
CentresofrockartinSouth-westEurope RockartstationsintheSpanishLevant
andNorthAfrica 14 CentresofrockartinNorthAfrica
DistributionofrockartinSouth-westEurope 18 DistributionofrockartinSouthAfrica !57
RockartstationsintheDordogne 22 CentresofrockartinAustralia 208
RockartstationsinthePyrenees
SOURCE OF COLOURED PLATES
Prof.Dr.H.-G.Bandi,Berne 74,78,83, 130,134,137,141,144,148,151
93.96 KatharinaLommel,Munich 207,210,215,219
ReneGardi,Berne 27,31 CharlesP. Mountford,London 223,227
A.Giefers,Pretoria 155,160,193 RomainRobert,Tarascon-sur-Ariege 3,34,37,
Jiirgen Harms, Pretoria 163,166,172,181,197 40,42,45,47,49,51,54,57,59,62,67
KonstanzeHolm,Pretoria 169,174,178,185,187, E. Schulthess (with kind permission of Messrs.
Conzett & Huber, Zurich) 107,117,120,123
Dr. HenriLhote,Paris 104,110,112,114,126,
LIST OF FIGURES WITH SOURCES
Hind,Altamira
Crouchingbison,Altamira
•Horse,LesCombarelles
•Lion, LesCombarelles
Gallopinghorse,Lascaux
'Swimmingstags',Lascaux
•Smallstags,Lascaux
Cow,Lascaux
Bisonwitharrows,Niaux
-Ibex,Niaux
Trout,Niaux
-Ibexesbuttingoneanother,LeRocdeSers
-Prehistoricelephant,Pindal.AfterH.Breuil,FourhundredcenturiesofCaveArt
-Smallwildass,Levanzo
-Unfinishedhumanfigure,Valltortagorge.AfterH.Obermaier
-Manwithbow,Torm6n.AfterH.Obermaier
Archer,CuevaSaltadora.AfterH.Obermaier
Archer,CuevadelCivil.AfterH.Obermaier
-Hunter,CuevadelosCaballos.AfterH.Obermaier
-Archer,CuevadelosCaballos.AfterH.Obermaier
•Boarhunt,CuevadelValdelCharcodelAguaAmarga.AfterH.Obermaier
-Ibexhunt,CuevaRemigia.AfterJ.B.Porcar,H.ObermaierandH.Breuil
•Hunter,CuevaRemigia.AfterJ.B.Porcar,H.ObermaierandH.Breuil
Warriorsadvancing,CingledelaMolaRemigia.AfterJ.B.Porcar,IH.ObermaierandH.Breuil
Archersfighting,MorellalaVella.AfterF.Benitez
-Warrior,CuevaSaltadora.AfterH.Obermaier
•'Execution',CuevaRemigia.AfterJ.B.Porcar,H.ObermaierandH.Breuil
•Archerwithreflexbow,CuevaVieja.AfterJ.Cabre
-Honey-gatherers, Cuevas de la Arana. After E. Hernandez-Pacheco
-'Lasso-thrower',CuevasdelaArana.AfterE.Hernandez-Pacheco
Archer,Masd'enJosep.AfterH.Obermaier
Manwithknee-breeches,ElsSecans.AfterH.Obermaier
-Manwithbowandcap,CuevaVieja.AfterH.Obermaier
Twofiguresfromthe'DancingWomen',Cogul.AfterJ.Cabrd
Staghunt,CuevaVieja.AfterJ.Cabre'
Horsewithhumanfigureindoubletrianglestyle,Tit
•Recumbentox,Tarzerouc
38—Figuresindoubletrianglestyle,Aozon.AfterTh.Monod
3490——RRoecckumebnegnratviwnegt,heAro,uiWlaadliamAmazzar
44121——WSaacrredchsatroinoetwithhumanhead
4434——RIdeocluwmibtehntheamdamomfaolwl,,STialebtelbalet
4456——HScehaedmaotfizreadm,chTaarimoetnst,iHtautInDaladj
47—Goddesseswithbirds'heads,Jabbaren
48—Statuetteofgirl,Sireuil
49—Eland,Vryburg
50—Largepainting,PhilippCavenearAmeib.AfterH.Breuil
51—Rainmyth,LaMadeleine
52—Rainmyth,DjebelBesSeba.AfterH.ObermaierandL.Frobenius
5543——FRiasihnimnyXt-hr,aAyisntylGeu,dOeejnap.elAlfit.erAfHt.erObChe.rmPa.ieMrouanntdfoLr.dFrobenius
5556——WWaormrieonrs,ruOnennipnegl,liO.enApfetlelriC.hA.ftPe.rMCohu.ntPf.oMroduntford
5578——WCaorpruiloartsi,onOesncpeenlel,i.PiAlfgtaenrguCrha..PA.fMteorunHt.foEr.dPetriandA.S.Schulz
59—Figuresresemblinghumanbeings,DepuchI.AfterH.E.PetriandA.S.Schulz
60—Huntingscene,Gosford.AfterD.S.Davidson
61—Paintinginredandyellow,Walgarock.AfterD.S.Davidson
62—Humanandanimalfigures,Euriowie.AfterL.Black
63—Humanandanimalfigures,Euriowie.AfterL.Black
6654——RSqoucaktteinnggrafviignurge,,DCeovnoincRDaonwgnes..AAfftteerrDD..JS..TDuagvibdyson
66—Rockpainting,Malkaia.AfterD.S.Davidson
Thefollowinghavekindlyprovided thefiguresin thisvolume: KonstanzeHolm,Pretoria(Figs.49—53),
Greta Leuzinger, Zurich (Figs. 1—14,37,40, 42—45), Katharina Lommel, Munich (Figs.54—66),Hannes
Pixa, Baden-Baden (Figs. 36, 38, 39, 41, 46, 417).
CONTENTS
Listofplates andmaps (5). Sourceofcolouredplates(6). Listoffigures
with sources (6).
INTRODUCTION
15-7° FRANCO-CANTABRIAN ROCK ART
Discovery (15). Distribution (16). Requirements for preservation (17):
deposit (19). Age and development (19): Aurignacian-Perigordian (21),
Solutrian-Magdalenian (24). Implements and technique (25). Origin and
meaningofIceAgeart (26). Sixlargecaves (28): Altamira (28), Font-de-
Gaume(32),LesCombarelles(33),Lascaux (36),Niaux (41), TroisFreres
(43). Caves and rock-shelters in France (45): Chabot, Ebbon, Le Portel
(46), Tuc d'Audoubert (48), Montespan (48), Gargas (50), Isturitz (53)
Pech-Merle (53), Sergeac (55), Abri Reverdit, Laussel, Cap Blanc (56),
La Greze, Barabao (57), Teyjat,Rouffignac (58),Pair-non-Pair (60),Roc
deSers(61). CavesinSpain (63): Covalanas,Santian,ElCastillo (63),La
Pasiega,Pindal,Buxu(65),PenadeCandamo,LosCasares(66),LaPileta
(67). Caves in Italy (68): Levanzo, Romanelli,Addaura (68).
70-72 FRANCO-CANTABRIAN ART STATIONS
WITH DATES OF DISCOVERY
73-98 THE ROCK ART OF THE SPANISH LEVANT
. . . .
Discovery and study (73). Technique (76). Preservation (77). Style (79):
expressionism (80). Subject-matter (80). Significance (84). Development
(88). Dating (88). Distribution (92). Origin (96).
THE ROCK ART OF THE MAGHREB AND SAHARA
.
99—152 Distribution (99). Discovery (99). Change of climatic conditions (101).
Dating(103). Technique,tools(105),extinctanimalspecies(108),change
ofclimate (109), naturalisticstyle(m), twistedperspective(112), double
triangle style (113). Classification (114): bubalus or hunter period,
pastoralistperiod,horseperiod(115),camelperiod(118).Paintings(118):
sites(119).TheSaharainprehistory(121): tools(121), densityofpopula-
tion, race, change of climate (122), agriculture, hunting, cattle-raising
(124).AgeofSaharanrockpictures (125):sitesin the WadiDjerat(127),
pastoralist civilization (128). Chariot period, invasion by the 'people of
thesea'(129).Chronologicalcoincidenceofengravingandpainting(132):
two modes of expression (132), representation of human beings (133;.
Distributionofrockpictures(133):bubalusperiod(133),periodof'round-
headed men' (136), pastoralist period, origin of the pastoralists (138).
Composite figures (139). Races (139): expansion of the white race (143).
Affinities with rock artof Europe and S. Africa (145): stylisticaffinities,
profane art (147)- Affinities with Egyptian art (150): chronological dif-
ferences (150).
THE ROCK ART OF SOUTH AFRICA
Means of livelihood (153). Huntersandfood-gatherers (153): sixth sense 153—204
(153), artistic talents, myths (154); prehistory in the living present; the
StoneAgeartistisalivetoday (156); theproblemofdating(156); period-
ization(158);artandartefacts(159); engravings(161);rockgalleries(161).
Areaofhabitation(162). Regionaldistribution(164).Significanceofsites
(164).Mythology(167):Mantis(168),legendoftherain(171),totem(173),
cosmicsymbols(174).Examples(175):Nswatugi(176),threegiraffes(177),
constellation (178), ritualdestruction,regenerationoftheuniverse(179);
morphological experience (180); suggestion (182); cosmic significance
(182). Motivation (184). Drama of cosmic change (186); idols (187); art
isunhistorical(188);significanceforhistoryofart(188);suggestion(190);
phases (190); technique as criterion (191); colour (192); motifs (196);
spiritual aspects (202).
THE ROCK ART OF AUSTRALIA
RockpicturesofArnhemLand(218). InfluencesradiatingfromOenpelli 205—231
(220). New South Wales (221). Victoria (222). Southern and Central
Australia (224). Conclusions (226).
APPENDICES
Bibliography (234). Chronology (238). Glossary(239). Index (242). 233-249