The Art of Pure Cinema The Art of Pure Cinema Hitchcock and His Imitators BRUCE ISAACS 1 3 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America. © Oxford University Press 2020 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Isaacs, Bruce, author. Title: The art of pure cinema : Hitchcock and his imitators / Bruce Isaacs. Description: New York : Oxford University Press, 2020. | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Identifiers: LCCN 2019039326 (print) | LCCN 2019039327 (ebook) | ISBN 9780190889951 (hardback) | ISBN 9780190889968 (paperback) | ISBN 9780190889975 (updf) | ISBN 9780190889982 (epub) | ISBN 9780190889999 (online) Subjects: LCSH: Hitchcock, Alfred, 1899–1980—Criticism and interpretation. | Hitchcock, Alfred, 1899–1980—Influence. Classification: LCC PN1998.3.H58 I88 2020 (print) | LCC PN1998.3.H58 (ebook) | DDC 791.4302/33092—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019039326 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019039327 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Paperback printed by Integrated Books International, United States of America Hardback printed by Bridgeport National Bindery, Inc., United States of America For my son, Byron Robert Isaacs Contents Acknowledgments ix Introduction: The Myth of Pure Cinema 1 I. THE EVOLUTION OF PURE CINEMA 1. Pure Cinema in Context 15 2. Hitchcock’s Interlocutors 41 II. THE MECHANICS OF PURE CINEMA 3. The Part Is Greater Than the Whole: Toward an Aesthetic Philosophy of the Fragment 61 4. The Fragmented Frame 1: Expression, Abstraction, Schematization 84 5. Intensified Schematics: Bava, Argento, and De Palma’s Body Double 108 6. The Fragmented Frame 2: Segmentation 127 7. Music You Can Hear: Toward an Abstract Soundscape 164 Conclusion: The Fractal Image in De Palma’s Femme Fatale 185 Notes 213 Bibliography 233 Filmography 241 Index 245 Acknowledgments The major part of this book was written over a period of study leave in 2017; I want to thank the University of Sydney for funding this research semester, which was intensely enjoyable. Stuart Cottle and Nicky Hannan, both bril- liant film scholars, were integral to the development and progress of the proj- ect; they were not only model readers and researchers but enormous fun to work with. I also want to thank the Sydney Literature and Cinema Group, and especially Kim Wilkins, Peter Marks, Paul Sheehan, Ryan Twomey, Blythe Worthy, Sabina Rahman, and anyone else who read parts of this book and made it better. I work with many excellent people in my department and across the university, who are a constant reminder of the privilege of my po- sition. Mark Ledbury’s passion for art, film, and music is completely infec- tious, and I thank him for the many conversations over the years. Norman Hirschy at Oxford University Press was simply the most generous (and patient) editor I could have wished for. He was interested in this project from the start, which gave me the confidence to pursue it doggedly. I thank Norm, but also Sarah Gleeson- White, my colleague in the Department of English, for steering me in Norm’s direction. Last, I want to thank my wife, Rebecca Goldsworthy, whose presence is in every thought and word, and my twin brother, Herschel Isaacs, for a life spent talking movies. This book is dedicated to my son, Byron.