The Art of Planning: Selected Essays of Harvey S. Perloff PDF
Preview The Art of Planning: Selected Essays of Harvey S. Perloff
THE ART OF PLANNING Selected Essays of Harvey S. Perloff ENVIRONMENT, DEVELOPMENT, AND PUBLIC POLICY A series of volumes under the general editorship of Lawrence Susskind, Massachusells Illstilule of Teclmologlj Cilmbridge, Mll551lc1ll1sells CITIES AND DEVELOPMENT Series Editor: Lloyd Rodwin, Massachusells Inslilule of TecJmologlj Cambridge, MassllciIu5ells CITIES AND CITY PLANNING Lloyd Rodwin THINKING ABOUT DEVELOPMENT Lisa Peattie CONSERVING AMERICA'S NEIGHBORHOODS Robert K. Yin MAKING-WORK Self-Created Jobs in Participatory Organizations William Ronco and Lisa Peattie OTIES OF THE MIND Images and Themes of the City in the Social Sciences Lloyd Rodwin and Robert M. Hollister NEIGHBORHOODS, PEOPLE, AND COMMUNITY Roger S. Ahlbrandt, Jf. HERE THE PEOPLE RULE Selected Essays Edward C. Banfield THE ART OF PLANNING Selected Essays of Harvey S. Perloff Edited by Leland S. Burns and John Friedmann Olher subseries: ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND PLANNING Series Editor: Lawrence Susskind, Mllssllchusells Instilule of Technology Cambridge, Massilchusells PUBLIC POLICY AND SOCIAL SERVICES Series Editor: Gary Marx, Massachusells Inslilule of Tedmo/goy Cambridge, Masstlchusells THE ART OF PLANNING Selected Essays of Harvey S. Pedoff Edited by Leland S. Bums and John Friedmann Graduate School of Architecture and Urban Planning University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, California PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK AND LONDON Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Perl off, Harvey S. The art of planning. (Environment, development, and public policy. Cities and development) Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. City planning-Addresses, essays, lectures. 2. Urban policy-Addresses, essays, lectures. 3. Ur ban economics-Addresses, essays, lectures. 4. Urban renewal-Addresses, essays, lectures. I. Burns, Leland Smith. II. Friedmann, John. III. Title. IV. Series. HT166.P389 1985 307.1'2 85-12470 ISBN-13: 978-1-4612-9515-0 e-TSBN-13: 978-1-4613-2505-5 DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4613-2505-5 ©1985 Plenum Press, New York Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1985 A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher Elson-Alexandre, Los Angeles, California HARVEY S. PERLOFF (1915-1983) Acknowledgments The editors wish to thank the following for permission to reprint copyrighted materials in this book. Chapter 1: From "New Towns Intown," in Journal of the American Institute of Planners, May 1966, Vol. 32, pp. 155-161. Reprinted by permission of the Journal of the American Institute of Planners. Chapter 2: From "New-Towns-Intown in a National New-Communities Program," in New Towns: Why-and for Whom?, edited by Harvey S. Perloff and Neil C. Sandberg. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1973, pp. 159-178. Copyright © 1973, Praeger Publishers, Inc. Reprinted by permission of Praeger Publishers. Chapter 3: From "The Central City in the Postindustrial Age," in The Mature Metropolis, edited by Charles L. Leven. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books, 1978, pp. 109-130. Reprinted by permission of Charles L. Leven and the publisher. Chapter 4: From "Using the Arts to Improve Life in the City," in Journal of Cultural Economics, December 1979, Vol. 3, pp. 1-21. Reprinted by permission of the publisher. Chapter 5: From "A Framework for Dealing with the Urban Environment: An Introductory Statement," in The Quality of the Urban Environment, edited by Harvey S. Perloff. Washington, D.C.: Resources for the Future, Inc., 1969, pp. 221-239. Reprinted by permission of the publisher. Chapter 6: From "Urban Planning and the Quality of the Urban Environ ment," in The Political Economy of Environmental Control, edited by Joe S. Bain and Warren F. Hchman. Berkeley, Calif.: Institute of Business and Economic Re search, University of California, 1972, pp. 67-85. Reprinted by permission of the publisher. Chapter 7: From "National Urban Policy: Stage I: Building the Foundation," in Spatial, Regional and Populational Economics: Essays in Honor of Edgar Hoover, edited by Mark Perlman, Charles J. Leven, and Benjamin Chinitz. New York: Gordon & Breach, 1972, pp. 311-331. Reprinted by permission of the editors and the publisher. Chapter 8: From "Alternatives for Future Urban Land Policy," in Modernizing Urban Land Policy, edited by Marion Clawson. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press for Resources for the Future, 1973, pp. 221-239. Reprinted by permission of the publisher. vii viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Chapter 9: "Public Services and Social Priorities," in Puerto Rico's Economic Future. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1950, pp. 378-394. Copyright 1950 by The University of Chicago. Reprinted by permission of the publisher. Chapter 10: From "National Planning and Multinational Planning under the Alliance for Progress," with Raul Saez, in Organization, Planning, and Program ming for Economic Development. United States papers prepared for the United Nations Conference on the Application of Science and Technology for the Bene fit of the Less Developed Areas. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1962, pp. 47-54. Chapter 11: From "Lagging Sectors and Regions of the American Econo my," in Papers and Proceedings, American Economic Association, December 1959, pp. 223-230. Reprinted by permission of the publisher. Chapter 12: From "Natural Resource Endowment and Regional Economic Growth," with Lowdon Wingo, Jr., in Natural Resources and Economic Growth, edited by Joseph J. Spengler. Washington, D.C.: Resources for the Future, Inc., 1961, pp. 191-212. Reprinted by permission of Lowdon Wingo, Jr., and the publisher. Chapter 13: From "Relative Regional Economic Growth: An Approach to Regional Accounts," in Design of Regional Accounts, edited by Werner Hochwald. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press for Resources for the Future, 1961, pp. 38- 65. Reprinted by permission of the publisher. Chapter 14: From "Key Features of Regional Planning," in Journal of the American Institute of Planners, May 1968, Vol. 34, pp. 153-159. Reprinted by permission of the Journal of the American Institute of Planners. Chapter 15: From "Budgetary Symbolism and Fiscal Planning," in Public Policy: A Yearbook of the Graduate School of Public Administration, edited by C. J. Friedrich and Edward S. Mason. Cambridge, Mass.: Graduate School of Public Administration, Harvard University, 1941, pp. 36-62. Reprinted by permission of the John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. Chapter 16: From "Fiscal Policy at the State and Local Levels," in Postwar Economic Problems, edited by Seymour E. Harris. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1943, pp. 221-238. Reprinted by permission of the publisher. Chapter 17: From "Education of City Planners: Past, Present, and Future," in Journal of the American Institute of Planners, Fall 1956, Vol. 23, pp. 186-217. Reprinted by permission of the Journal of the American Institute of Planners. Chapter 18: From "The Evolution of Planning Education," in Planning in America: Learning from Turbulence, edited by David R. Goldschalk. Washington, D.C.: American Institute of Planners, 1974, pp. 161-180. Reprinted by permis sion of David R. Goldschalk and the publisher. Contents I REVITALIZING CENTRAL CITIES 1 1. New Towns Intown 5 2. New Towns Intown in a National New-Communities Program 13 3. The Central City in the Postindustrial Age 29 4. Using the Arts to Improve Life in the City 47 II URBAN AND METROPOLITAN PLANNING AND POLICY 63 5. A Framework for Dealing with the Urban Environment 67 6. Urban Planning and the Quality of the Urban Environment 91 7. National Urban Policy: Stage I: Building the Foundation 105 8. Alternatives for Future Urban Land Policy (with Marion Clawson) 121 III REGIONAL PLANNING AND ANALYSIS 137 9. Puerto Rico's Economic Future: Public Services and Social Priorities 141 10. National Planning and Multinational Planning under the Alliance for Progress (with Raul Saez) 150 11. Lagging Sectors and Regions of the American Economy 159 12. Natural Resource Endowment and Regional Economic Growth (with Lowdon Wingo) 166 13. Relative Regional Economic Growth: An Approach to Regional Accounts 186 14. Key Features of Regional Planning 205 ix x CONTENTS IV FISCAL POLICY AND PLANNING 221 15. Budgetary Symbolism and Fiscal Planning 223 16. Fiscal Policy at the State and Local Levels 241 V PLANNING EDUCATION 257 17. Education of City Planners: Past and Present 261 18. The Evolution of Planning Education 308 VI STAGES IN A CAREER IN PLANNING: AN AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL FRAGMENT 327 BIBLIOGRAPHY 353 INDEX 359 Introduction The work of Harvey S. Perloff stands as a landmark in the evolution of Anglo American planning doctrine. It is impossible to fully capture the essence of the published work in a paragraph, page, or even an entire essay. Yet its highpoints can be identified. His work was innovative, reformist, comprehensive, and ori ented toward the future. In emphasizing the greater importance of people com pared to things, Perloff repeatedly prodded planners to be concerned with human needs and values. He was critical of the past. But inasmuch as he de voted more effort to envisioning what could lie ahead than in recalling the past, his work was markedly optimistic. He once admitted in writing to his "built-in weakness for expecting rational, socially oriented solutions ultimately to win out, no matter what the objective situation seems to be." To some the expecta tion may be seen as naive; to others, as a faith in the wisdom of humankind to take the best course. However received, Perloff's optimism served as a powerful stimulant to keep moving ahead for the best that would come of it. Institutions and the ways they should be shaped and reshaped were of central concern, for institutions (though he rarely used the term) were the in struments through which "knowledge was translated into action." Perloff was constantly aware of the equity criterion as a norm against which decisions must be assessed; those whom society had passed over were very much in his mind and were central figures in his prescriptions for a better society. Perloff's inventiveness manifested itself in many ways; innovations perme ate his writing. Early on, there was the bold new experiment in planning educa tion at the University of Chicago. As his autobiography recalls, "It must be remembered that this was the first effort to base planning on the social sciences and everything else was, in fact, invention." He was there to help structure experiments when so little was given: on occasions like this, he was at his very best. A review of his literary output uncovers other innovations as well: "New Towns in Town" and the concept of amenity resources, to cite from a long list. He invented the field of urban economics and was among the first to recognize the importance of environmental planning. The field of development economics owes him one of its pioneering studies. The list could easily be extended. One can isolate many reasons why the future commanded Perloff's atten tion, but only speculate on which of these were determining. His formative years were lived during the Great Depression and World War II, two events that everyone hoped would never again be repeated. They left deep imprints that xi
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