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The Art of Chinese Landscape Painting PDF

256 Pages·1967·29.48 MB·English
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THE ART OF CHIN£S ART OF LANDSCAP THE WORLD PAINTIN Ws 3^ THE ART OF CHINESE LANDSCAPE PAINTING Anil de Silva 42 colorplates, 56 monochromeplates, 31 line illustrations, map, and chronological tables In western China, on the great silk road,liestheancientcityofTun-huang, famous for its great Buddhist shrine, consisting of no fewer than 469 caves carved out of a sandy cliff. Founded in the fourth centuryA. D., its wealth of wall-paintings and other valuable works of art was produced during successivedynasties—theSui,theT'ang and the Sung in particular—and right up to the nineteenth-century, when it first came to the noticeoftheWestern world. FewpersonsoutsideChinahave set eyes upon this extraordinary body of paintings. Anil de Silva had the good fortune to do so and to take photographs of them in color, many ofwhicharepublishedherefor thefirst time. In preparing this study she has nadtheassistanceofseveraldistinguish- ed Sinologists, including Dr. Arthur Waley and Dr. Joseph Needham. She shows that Tun-huang was no mereprovincial site, for itwhileserved as intermediaryforWesterninfluences, it also gave expression to the main- stream of the Chinese art tradition, providing a comprehensive analysis of the development of style, themes and techniques inChinese landscapepaint- ing. TotheChinese,somesubjectssym- bolize religious concepts and divine beings others convey the deep respect ; and love the Chinese have always felt for the natural world—for mountains, trees, water, dark clouds and falling leaves, all expressing the underlying philosophic principle of order, li. In Tun-huang, we find "the breath of the spirit that sings through the flam- ing lacquers and Wei reliefs with a poignant immediacy" that belongs only to Chinese art. CROWN PUBLISHERS, INC. NEW \fORK BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY °:% Pi b EWORLD ARTOFTH1 NON-EUROPEAN CULTURES THE HISTORICAL, SOCIOLOGICAL AND RELIGIOUS BACKGROUNDS THE ART OF CHINESE LANDSCAPE PAINTING IN THE CAVES OF TUN-HUANG ANIL DE SILVA PHOTOGRAPHS BY DOMINIQUE DARBOIS » i ~ * ' <**.* ^f5%v i^s^wk. CROWN PUBLISHERS, INC., NEW YORK — Title-page: Fresco from Cave 323 at Tun-huang: detail. T'ang dynasty. The pagoda depicted re- sembles one of the earliest wooden pagodas at Hokiji near Nara, Japan, which is square in plan and is built in the Chinese T'ang style. Cf. p. 146. All photographs ofthe Tun-huang Caves in this volume have been taken with the kind permission ofthe Tun-huang Institute. Many ofthem are reproduced here for the first time in color. N o r-n sq tr A/D/30C £f3 BRARS _ S REGIONAL > SYSTEM '. FIRST PUBLISHED IN 1964 GERMAN EDITION 1964 © HOLLE VERLAG G.M.B.H., BADEN-BADEN, GERMANY ENGLISH TRANSLATION © 1967 BY HOLLE VERLAG, G.M.B.H., BADEN-BADEN, GERMANY LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER: 67-19591 PRINTED IN HOLLAND CONTENTS List ofcolour plates (6). List ofmonochrome plates (6). List offigures (7). Acknowledgments (7). FOREWORD 9 INTRODUCTION 15 PRE-HAN ART I. 33 THE HAN DYNASTY II. (206 b.c.-a.d. 220) 53 THE THREE KINGDOMS AND THE SIX DYNASTIES III. (a.d. 220-589) 75 IV. THE SUI DYNASTY (a.d. 589-618) 105 V. THE T'ANG DYNASTY (a.d. 618-906) 133 THE SUNG DYNASTY VI. (a.d. 960-1279) 181 CONCLUSIONS 202 APPENDIX 213 Map: Central Asia and the Silk Road (214-5). Chronological table (216). List of caves (224). Bibliography (225). Index (229). 271 LIST OF COLOUR PLATES Cave 323 3 Cave 323 '44, 145 Cave complex ofTun-huang 21 Cave 209 '49 Shell with hunting scene 46 Cave 217 155, J57 Polychrome painted funerary tile 49 Cave 45 158 Painted clay brick 64 Cave 205 166, 169 Cave 257 77, 79, 81 Cave 320 167 Cave 428 82,85 Cave 172 171 Cave 285 98,99 Cave 198 175 Cave 296 108, no Cave 112 176, 177 Cave 302 117, 118-9 Cave 196 178, 179 Cave 299 120-1 Cave 186 186 Cave 303 126 Cave 288 190 Cave 423 128-9 Cave 332 193 Apsara strewing flowers 132 Cave 61 '95, 197 Cave 103 137 Cave 55 198 Cave 321 139 LIST OF MONOCHROME PLATES City gate at Tun-huang 7 above Cave 296 in 1 Ox-cart 17 below Cave 302 112 River-bed at Tun-huang 18 above Cave 301 113 Sand cliff 18 below Cave 420 114 above Caves at Tun-huang: detail 27 Cave 419 114 below Caves at Tun-huang: detail 28 Cave 419 123 above Clay brick: detail 37 Cave 420 123 below Assyrian hunting relief 38 Cave 419 124 Apsara 5i Country house of the poet Wang Wei: Clay panel from tomb 52 painting 141 Bronze vase, so-called 'hunting bronze' 57 Cave 103 142 Frescoes in a tomb: details 58-59 Cave 323 151 Detail ofbronze vase on p. 57 60 Cave 209 152 Scroll: detail 73 Cave 2 161 1 Cave 285 74 Cave 45 162-3, l64 Cave 249 87,88 Cave 369 173 Cave 428 93 above Cave 1 1 174 Panel in relief 93 below Cave 32 183 Cave 285 94-95 Horizontal scroll: detail 184 Cave 428 96 Cave 61 205 Cave 299 IOI Cave 55 206, 207 Tripod with lid 102 Rubbing from stamped brick 208

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